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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector

Midlene fra FINANSMARK-Finansmarkedet fordelt på år

Midlene fra FINANSMARK-Finansmarkedet fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FINANSMARK-Finansmarkedet fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Den 9. august 2017 minnet EU-kommisjonen på at det er gått ti år siden den globale finanskrisen begynte. Finanskrisen som begynte i 2007/2008 førte til den verste nedgangstiden i økonomien i EUs historie. Det trodde man i hvert fall før COVID-19-utbruddet i 2020 som førte til en enda større global krise som koster både liv, helse og økonomisk vekst. Tiltakene som ble innført for å svare på den finanskrisen på EU/EØS-nivået har likevel gitt et solid grunnlag for å kunne takle koronakrisen. Derfor er dette prosjektet og dets resultater svært verdifulle for den nåværende COVID-19-krisen.

I 2007/2008 krevde den enestående situasjonen i finanssektoren og økonomien til EU/EØS sine medlemsstater enestående handling fra EU/EØS-institusjoner. I lys av mangel på EU/EØS-regelverk som hadde formål om å takle den globale finanskrisen, måtte EU-kommisjonen og ESA ta i bruk statsstøtteregelverket. Dette regelverket måtte man anvende på en klok måte for å både redde finanssektoren og unngå konkurransevridninger. EU-kommisjonen bestemte seg for å ta i bruk Lisboa-traktaten artikkel 107(3)(b), en bestemmelse som har blitt brukt ved bare noen få anledninger. Så langt vedtok EU-kommisjonen syv finanskrisekommunikasjoner som justerte EU-kommisjonens svar på den globale finanskrisen i takt med endringer på markedet. De siste retningslinjene ble vedtatt i 2013 og markerte en stor endring fra «bail-out» til «bail-in» policy. Disse retningslinjene ga detaljerte retningslinjer for å kunne gi statsstøtte til finanssektoren som fyller opp krav til kompatibel statsstøtte.

Erfaringene med anvendelsen av finanskriseregelverket har vært gode, noe som vises av State Aid Scoreboards, dvs. rapportene som utarbeides av EU-kommisjonen på bakgrunn av data som hadde blitt levert an medlemsstatene. Rapportene viser hvor mye offentlige midler som regnes som statsstøtte er brukt av medlemsstatene og til hvilke formål året før. State Aid Scoreboard for 2018 viser nedgang av bruken av statsstøtte til finanssektoren i forbindelse med konsekvensene av finanskrisen. Data fra Eurostat viser også at mesteparten av finanskrisestøtte som hadde blitt gitt er nå tilbakebetalt av mottakerne.

Prosjektet resulterte i flere vitenskapelige artikler og bokkapitler hvor postdoktor Malgorzata Cyndecka analyserte ulike problemstillinger som oppstår ved anvendelsen av statsstøtteregelverket i finanssektoren, særlig når det gjelder markedsaktørprinsippet, mange faglige innlegg hun holdt på både norsk og engelsk i nasjonale og internasjonale sammenhenger, mange oppslag i massemedia som kronikker, intervjuer, uttalelser som ekspert, en podcast «Misjon Vest» av PWC Bergen hvor COVID-19-tiltakene ble diskutert, også i lys av erfaringer med finanskrise støtte på EU- og nasjonalt nivå, workshoper med Advisory Board og en internasjonal konferanse med eksperter i statsstøtte, embetsmenn og representanter for ulike organisasjoner, seminarer og gjesteforedrag hun arrangerte og deltok i med innlegg. Det juridiske fakultet ble mer kjent for å inneha ekspertise i statsstøttereglene.

På bakgrunn av sine publiseringer og faglige innlegg ble postdoktor Malgorzata Cyndecka invitert til å bli Associate Editor for det største og eldste tidsskriftet som er dedikert til statsstøtte, European State Aid Law Quarterly, og til å skrive et kapittel om statsstøtte i finanssektoren som skal publiseres i 2. utgave av den suksessrike Research Book on State Aid Law som skal publiseres av Edward Elgar. Hun ble også tatt opp i Akademiet for Yngre Forskere https://akademietforyngreforskere.no og deltok i UiBs forskertalentprogram «Momentum».

When the 2008 financial crisis hit Europe, the most urgent challenge facing both the EU/EEA institutions and the Member States was the necessity of granting huge amounts of aid to banks that were "too big to fail". The prevailing objective to achieve was to prevent the systemic crisis. While the European Commission and the EFTA Surveillance Authority are still dealing with financial crisis aid cases on a daily basis, one must address a new, but equally pressing question of how competition rules and, in particular, State aid rules can contribute to rebuilding the financial sector for the future and make it more robust. This project aims to contribute to facing this new challenge by analysing how State aid rules should be applied in the financial sector to safeguard its efficiency, competitiveness and equal terms and conditions for all market operators. This contribution entails carrying out two individual research projects: a Post.doc.-project and a PhD project (self-financed by the applicant). The Post.doc.-project will investigate the applicability and application of the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) to state measures granted in the financial sector. As explained in the project description below, the financial crisis has had a significant impact on the proper understanding of the MEIP. This requires examining how the use of the MEIP may and should contribute to rebuilding of the sector concerned. The PhD project seeks to clarify the legal implications of repayment of aid that was granted in the form of a state guarantee. The provision of aid in this form creates a special triangular relation between the state, the aid recipient and the financial institution. Such a unique constellation poses certain civil law challenges that require to be addressed. As the procedure of aid recovery is governed by national rules, this project will examine and clarify the implications of enforcing the EU/EEA system of State aid control to the Norwegian legal system.

MASSIVE - maskinlæring, massebalanse for isbreer, snø, in-situ-data, volumendringer, jordobservasjon

Isbreer er sårbare for klimaendringer. Endringer i breens areal og massebalanse er to mål på helsetilstanden til en isbre og er anerkjent som essensielle klimavariabler av Verdens meteorologiske organisasjon (WMO). Massebalansen er et mål for hvor mye massen til en bre endrer seg i løpet av et år. Totalt er det rundt 200 000 isbreer over hele verden og mange av dem ligger svært utilgjengelig. Satellittdata har derfor vært en verdifull kilde til å kartlegge breer over hele verden i løpet av de siste tiårene.

Satellittbilder har gjort det mulig for forskere å manuelt eller automatisk kartlegge utbredelse av isbreer og breers overflatetyper (det vil si soner av snø, firn og is). Repeterte høydemodeller over breer og tidsserier av som viser snølinjer og albedo av overflaten kan brukes til å estimere breers massebalanse. I dag gir den stadig økende mengden av satellittdata mulighet til å utvikle ny metodikk for å maksimere informasjonen som kan hentes fra satellittdata og lette håndtering og lagring av dataene (f.eks. datakuber). I prosjektet MASSIVE har vi som mål å forbedre metodene for brekartlegging og estimere breers massebalanse ved hjelp av maskinlæring, spesielt dyp læring. I MASSIVE vil vi først utvikle metodikken for isbreer i Norge, Svalbard, de europeiske alpene og Himalaya. Deretter vil vi utvide den til andre regioner med andre typer av breer. Prosjektet skal lage breatlas fra flere perioder og en flerårig tidsserie av massebalanse av isbreene vi undersøker. Disse dataene kan støtte nasjonale myndigheters arbeid med breers massebalanse og brukes som grunnlag for hydrologisk modellering av avrenning.

Partnere i MASSIVE-prosjektet er Universitetet i Oslo (Norge), EURAC (Italia), Universitetet i Twente (Nederland), Norges vassdrags- og energidirektorat (NVE, Norge) og Statkraft (Norge).

The MASSIVE project team will revolutionize glacier area mapping and glacier mass balance estimation. We aim at vastly expanding the applicability of today’s glacier surface mass balance regression techniques using deep learning for image classification and regression. First we will harvest unprecedented amounts of freely available remote sensing data to build data cubes of a variety of glacierized regions in the world. These databases will contain information on relevant mass balance predictors including snow cover area, glacier facies, albedo and glacier elevation changes. In this big data approach we will use state-of-the-art database software necessary to efficiently handle the ever increasing amount of remote sensing data. To achieve the highest possible quality for the predictors we will design novel glacier facies and snow cover classification algorithms based on deep learning. Our method using convolutional networks will be superior compared to today’s commonly used classification based on band ratio and indices as they can be trained with multi-resolution and multi-sensor data (including optical and synthetic aperture radar data) in a single classification framework. Output of the classification will be an updated multi-temporal glacier inventory. Once the regional data cubes are build we will use advanced regression techniques e.g. deep regression to extract a consistent and decade-long time series of surface mass balance for a variety of different glacier types. We will first design the methodology for glaciers in Norway, Svalbard and European Alps and other regions with different glacier characteristics and with solid training and validation data for the period 2000-2020. We will then test the transferability to glacierized regions with less base data available. Based on the regression parameters we also aim at prolonging the mass balance time series in a sensor-independent approach solely from snow cover and albedo maps.

MASSIVE - MAchine learning, Surface mass balance of glaciers, Snow cover, In-situ data, Volume change, Earth observation

Kronebreen is among the 10 largest contributors to the total calving flux of the Svalbard archipelago. To estimate the calving flux detailed knowledge on the glacier velocity is needed which can be provided by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imag es. For the validation of those velocity maps in-situ measurements are essential and can be provided by means of continuous GPS. Therefore the main objective of the project is to maintain the existing GPS stations on Kronebreen to continue the time series  started in 2007 and provide a validation data set for the SAR based glacier velocities to be acquired in 2013.

0 projects

KLIMAFORSK-Stort program klima

MASSIVE - MAchine learning, Surface mass balance of glaciers, Snow cover, In-situ data, Volume change, Earth observation

Awarded: NOK 12.0 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2025

Location: Oslo

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Surface velocity and calving flux of Kronebreen RiS ID 6183

Awarded: NOK 65,197

Project Period: 2013-2014

Location: Oslo