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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Nye arter

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på år

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fagområde

Dette prosjektet har hatt som mål å etablere de nødvendige verktøyene og metodene for å komme i gang med markør-assistert og genomisk seleksjon for rognkjeks (Cyclopterus lumpus), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) og havabbor (Dicentrarchus labrax). I tillegg har vi i prosjektet analysert nye egenskaper relevant for avl av regnbueørret til produksjon i sjø.  

I forskning knyttet til avl ønsker man å knytte fiskens målbare egenskaper til fiskens genvarianter. For å studere genvarianter bruker man såkalte DNA-markører, som er variable enkeltbaser spredt rundt omkring i genomet. For å kunne utnytte denne teknologien fullt ut må vi ha tilgang til artens fullstendige genomsekvens. Dette eksisterte ikke for rognkjeks ført prosjektstart. Vi har derfor sekvensert og satt sammen hele genomsekvensen til en enkelt rognkall ved hjelp av såkalt andre- (Illumina) og tredjegenerasjons (Oxford Nanopore) sekvenseringsteknologi. Referansesekvensen som ble laget er rundt 550 millioner basepar langt og virker å være av høy kvalitet. Rognkjeksenomet ble i November 2018 gjort åpent tilgjengelig via publiseringsverktøyet figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7301546). En oppdatert versjon av referansegenomet er planlagt publisert i et vitenskapelig tidsskrift i løpet av 2020. Ved hjelp av rognkjeksgenomet har Aquagen utviklet en SNP-array for rognkjeks. Dette SNP-arrayet brukes for øyeblikket av Aquagen til å lete etter gener som gir forbedret sykdomsresistens hos fisken. Resistens mot Aeromonas salmonicida og Vibrio anguillarum, er testet i smittetester utført av Vaxxinova. Det ble funnet lovende resultater for arvbar økt resistens mot A. salmonicida.  

For tilapia ble det i løpet av høsten 2018 utført smittetest for å avdekke økt resistens mot Streptococcus agalactiae, og en smittetest for Francicella ble utført høsten 2019. Disse dataene vil blir brukt for å velge ut nye stamfedre til fremtidig produksjon av tilapia med økt resistens mot disse bakteriene. I tillegg har man i prosjektet undersøkt det om det ved hjelp av genetikk er mulig å kunne øke andel tilapia som reverserer kjønn fra hunnfisk til hannfisk etter varmesjokking. I tilapiaindustrien er det stor etterspørsel etter hannfisk, siden disse vokser fortere og man med høy anndel hannfisk unngår uønsket gyting i produksjonsdammer. Med disse resultatene håper Genomar å kunne avle frem og tilby fisk med genetikk som gjør det lettere å skifte kjønn etter varmesjokk.  

I prosjektet er det sekvensert et antall individuelle havabbor hvor dataene er overlevert vår samarbeidspartner. Det ble forsøkt gjennomført smittetester for havabbor, men disse ble ikke vellykket. Data og metoder fra dette prosjektet vil likevel bli adoptert og videreutviklet av forskere som jobber med havabbor. 

Med verktøyene og metodene utviklet i dette prosjektet har vi gjennomført vellykkede søk etter genvarianter som påvirker viktige egenskaper i regnbueørret som skinnfarge, filetfarge, tilvekst, og kjønnsmodning. Disse egenskapene vil derfor inngå i fremtidig avl av regnbueørret hos Aquagen.

This project focuses on the application of genomics in selective breeding for key non-salmon aquaculture species, providing a vital part of the foundations for AquaGen?s upcoming involvements with the species. 
	AquaGen has recently established a breeding programme, aiming at breeding forth healthy lumpfish with a strong appetite for lice. The project will establish vital genomics tools for the species, a genome reference sequence and a high-density SNP-chip. The project will thereafter use this tool in order to identify genes or genome regions (QTL) affecting lice grazing abilities and resistance to Aeromonas and Vibrio.  
	In tilapia, we will scan the genome for QTL for Streptococcus- and Franciscella-resistance, as well as temperature-induced sex ratios.  The research will be carried out within the framework of Aquabel, a Brazilian fry/fingerling producer which AquaGen has recently acquired. Results will be commercialized within the same framework. 
	In sea bass, the project will add to an already established project undertaken in collaboration with Culmarex (Spain), aiming at the identification of QTL for nodavirus resistance in sea bass. The project will also produce the contents needed for the future production of a SNP-chip for sea bass, a step towards a stronger future involvement in the species.  
	In rainbow trout, we will carry out genetics research that could help in the marketing of large, sea-reared trout as a high-value product, as compared to the portion size trout which dominates the market. We will target the traits skin colour, fillet colour, and sea-water tolerance. 
	All activities are geared towards generating DNA-markers that can be utilised in marker-assisted selection or genomic selection, following the business model AquaGen has successfully applied on Atlantic salmon. The project is likely to contribute to more sustainable aquaculture of the species in question and to state-of-art of genomics research within the species.

New species, new traits, new opportunities

The European Advanced Translational Research Infrastructure in Medicine (EATRIS) is an international research infrastructure initiative aimed at strengthening health R&D in Europe to allow a more efficient transfer of research discoveries into new clinica l applications for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The infrastructure will operate to increase the return on investments made in publicly funded biomedical research by removing existing bottlenecks to translation. EATRIS aims to be a European , globally competitive infrastructure for biomedical translational research and to achieve this, will provide researchers across Europe broad access to state-of-the-art facilities, training and supporting services to optimise the outputs of both basic and  clinical research. EATRIS was initiated by ESFRI, a strategy forum working to identify and address the needs for large research infrastructures in Europe for the next 10-20 years covering all scientific areas. EATRIS entered a three-year Preparatory Phas e in 2008 funded with 4.2 MEuro by the European Community's 7th Framework Programme, including Norway, represented by NCMM (UiO), as one of the scientific partners of the planning project. The infrastructure will be built around national translational cen tres, containing all necessary expertise and technologies for bringing discoveries from proof-of-principle to proof-of-concept. Now, the invitation goes out to the European partners for commitment to the Construction & Implementation Phase (2011-2016) to  build national EATRIS Centres, supplemented by funds from Governmental stakeholders.

Norwegian Participation in the ESFRI-project EATRIS,
the European Advanced Translational Research Infrastructure in Medicine

Biological membranes are no longer considered as homogenous fluid structures with embedded proteins; rather, the have been shown to contain microdimains or lipid rafts that function as platforms for co-ordination, organisation adn assembly of proteins inv olved in cellular processes such as signal transduction pathways.  An investigation of the properties of these lipid rafts will be carried out, using molecular biology in combination with microscopy techniques.  Thes study will focus on rvealing mechanism s that regulate phase separation, raft size and stability, using both artificial double layers as well as isolated cell membrane fractions. Of particular interest to this study is the raft concentration of signalling molecules belonging to the cAMP pathwa y.  A protein of this pathway, Csk , serves as a gaekeeper for T cell activation.  Csk is activated by protein kinase A and is targeted to lipid rafts via binding to the 80-kDa tyrosine phoshporylated molecule Cbp.  It is hoped to fio

0 projects

FORINFRA-Nasj.sats. forskn.infrastrukt

Norwegian Participation in the ESFRI-project EATRIS, the European Advanced Translational Research Infrastructure in Medicine

Awarded: NOK 1.9 mill.

Project Period: 2011-2015

Location: Oslo

FUGE-Funksjonell genomforskn.i Norg

Structure and function of lipid rafts; investigating the role of membrane microdomains in cellular signalling

Awarded: NOK 6.2 mill.

Project Period: 2003-2008

Location: Oslo