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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Rettsstatsbygging i krisetid: straff som nordisk eksportvare (JustExports)

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Postdoctoral Researcher

The Scandinavian states export criminal justice through their foreign policy and international aid on issues ranging from prison and judicial reform to women’s rights. Yet, the role of ‘penal exports’ and what it says about Scandinavian penal power, foreign policy, and position(ing) in the international order has never been explored. Criminology rarely considers Scandinavian criminal justice outside the context of the Scandinavian welfare state; international relations give scant attention to penal power in foreign policy; and within the sociology of international law, there is an urgent need to consider the resilience of the liberal international order in a time of friction – including the role of justice promotion therein. 

To develop criminological theory on how penal power travels beyond the nation state, JustExports combines theory in international relations and international law to explore the overall research question ‘How do Scandinavian states engage in penal exports?’ through three sub-questions (1) How do penal exports travel?; (2) What are similarities and differences in Scandinavian states’ foreign policy use of penal exports; and (3) How do geopolitical changes shape the use of penal exports in Scandinavian states’ foreign policy and international aid? These questions are analyzed in work packages exploring different fields of exports: WP #1 provides a discursive overview of how Scandinavian penal exports travel; WP #2 delves into a case of penal exports to the national level, such as rule of law development in Ukraine; and WP #3 explores a case of penal exports to the international level such as international criminal justice. 
JustExports provides a knowledge base for civil servants to assess foreign policy and the challenges of the liberal international order by providing them with increased knowledge about how policies are produced, travel, and with what effects. The project emphasizes stakeholder involvement and contributes to SDG 16.

The Scandinavian states export criminal justice through their foreign policy and international aid on issues ranging from prison and judicial reform to women’s rights, and in locations as vast as Afghanistan, Colombia, Kosovo, Myanmar, and Uganda. Yet, the role of ‘penal exports’ and what it says about Scandinavian penal power, foreign policy, and position(ing) in the international order has never been explored. Research in criminology rarely considers Scandinavian criminal justice outside the context of the Scandinavian welfare state; international relations give scant attention to penal power in foreign policy; and within the sociology of international law, there is an urgent need to consider the resilience of the liberal international order in a time of friction – including the role of justice promotion therein. 

With aim to develop criminological theory on how penal power travels beyond the nation state, JustExports combines moral authority and status theory in international relations with Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘methodological toolbox’ in the study of transnational legal fields in the study of Scandinavian penal exports. It explores the overall research question ‘How do Scandinavian states engage in penal exports?’ through three sub-questions (1) How do penal exports travel?; (2) What are similarities and differences in Scandinavian states’ foreign policy use of penal exports; and (3) How do geopolitical changes shape the use of penal exports in Scandinavian states’ foreign policy and international aid?  These questions are all analyzed in WPs exploring three different fields of Scandinavian exports: WP #1 provides a discursive overview of how Scandinavian penal exports travel; WP #2 delves into a case of penal exports directed towards the national level; and WP #3 explores a case of penal exports directed at the international level. By combining key empirical insights from WP #1-3, WP #4 develops theory on how penal power travels and manages the project.

Promoting Justice in a Time of Friction: Scandinavian Penal Exports

Det faller nok sollys til jorden i løpet av en time til å møte verdens energibehov for et helt år: utfordringen er å lære hvordan man kan utnytte denne energien på en kostnadseffektiv måte. Omdannelse av sollys til elektrisitet kan gjøres ved forskjellige metoder: En av de reneste og mest brukte er å anvende den fotoelektrisk (PV) effekten, hvor lys blir omformet direkte til elektrisk energi ved hjelp av et passende PV-materiale. Solceller og moduler laget ved hjelp av et slikt materiale produserer miljøvennlig elektrisk energi i 25 år tilnærmet vedlikeholdsfritt.

Materialvalget for de fleste av dagens solcellemoduler er silisium: over 90% av alle moduler produsert er laget ved hjelp silisium som aktivt PV materiale. Silisium er miljøvennlig, rikelig tilgjengelig (25% av jordskorpen består av silisium) og PV effekten er nesten perfekt tilpasset sollysets bølgelengder. Men en høy solvirkningsgrad krever et svært rent (99,99999% renhet) og strukturelt perfekt silisium, betingelser som bidrar økte produksjonskostnader.

Norwegian Crystals AS spesialiserer seg på produksjon av svært rent krystallinsk silisium. Hovedproduktet, monokrystallinske silisiumblokker, produseres i spesialovner under meget rene forhold. I dette prosjektet utviklet vi ovns designet, materialer og prosesser som gir oss mulighet til å produsere silikonblokker av høyere kvalitet med lavere kostnader, slik at kostnaden for solenergi blir redusert og at den blir et enda mer konkurransedyktig alternativ til konvensjonelle fossile energikilder. I løpet av prosjektet har vi utviklet spesialisert utstyr som arbeider under ekstreme forhold (høye temperaturer, opptil 1500 C, og svært lave trykk) slik at vi kan øke produktiviteten, avkastningen og materialkvaliteten.

Solar Electricity based on Photovoltaic (PV) technologies is competitive in several markets and projected cost reductions will make it a major energy source within less than a decade. This requires continuous cost reduction and technological improvements in production processes and materials. PV-companies must be on par with these requirements, not only to be able to stay competitive but also to exist in the future. In this project we will develop new processes and materials for production of high-quality and low-cost silicon for PV-solar market. The project team consist of Norwegian Crystals AS, whose furnace technology will be advanced beyond state of the art, and SINTEF who are one of the world leaders in silicon materials for solar-cell applications. The project targets crystal-growth solutions via radical furnace hot-zone constructions by utilising innovative thermal designs, using possible new materials and employing novel process-methods. These will be realised by a combination of fundamental understanding of material behaviour, gained from laboratory-scale model-systems and by industrial-scale trials where both evidence-based and statistical-analysis methods, supported by numerical simulations, are utilised. Total value creation of the project in terms of cost-reduction can be estimated to be around 40 % reduction in conversion cost, which corresponds to an annual saving of 30-40 MNOK, while the project is envisaged for duration of 3 years with a total budget of 26 MNOK.

LOW-COST HIGH-QUALITY MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-INGOT CASTING

Norwegian Crystals AS er en nyetablert produsent av monokrystallinske silisiumskiver som ligger i Glomfjord , Nordland. Waferbaserte solceller er i dag den dominerende teknologien for energiproduksjon fra sollys, og utgjør ca 90 % av årlig installert kapa sitet. Etter en bratt læringskurve i løpet av det siste tiåret, har industrien klart å redusere produksjonskostnadene betraktelig og samtidig øke kvaliteten og ytelsen til alle produkter fra wafer til modul, noe som har ført krystallinske solcelleteknolog i til å vokse fra et nisjeprodukt til å være konkurransedyktig med konvensjonelle energikilder i mange markeder.

Kjerneproduksjonen til Norwegian Crystals AS er trekking av enkrystallinske silisiumkrystaller fra en silisiumsmelte, en prosess kjent som Cz ochralski-prosessen. Silisium av høy renhet smeltes i en kvartsdigel og et lite såkrystall dyppes i smelten. Krystallen gros ved å trekke såkrystallet fra smelten med nøye kontroll av trekkhastigheten og de termiske forhold.

I dette prosjektet vil vi utv ikle en prosess med økt batch størrelse og trekkehastighet, begge viktige faktorer for å redusere produksjonskostnadene . Prosjektet vil inkludere utvikling av en ny intern varmesone i ovn, samt introduksjon av en ny type granulær silisiumråvare til mater ialmiksen

Prosjektet vil føre til en årlig besparelse på 25 millioner kroner . I tillegg vil energibesparelser under råvare- og krystall-produksjon føre til forkortet energitilbakebetalingstid og reduserte klimagassutslipp gjennom verdikjede.

Czochralski growth of silicon for solar cells is becoming more challenging. The price for wafers has reached an all time low level. At the same time, the quality demands are increasing, due to development of new and improved solar cell architectures were  the potential only can be fully utilized with high wafer quality. In this project, the aim is to develop a process with increased charge weight and increased crystal growth rate that can meet current and future quality requirements. This will be achieved  by the development of a new internal furnace design and the use of granular silicon raw material. The project will focus on achieving a robust process where productivity increase occurs without compromising ingot quality. The project will, therefore, comb ine numerical modelling, industrial experiments, statistics and advanced characterisation to reach the objectives.

0 projects

ENERGIX-Stort program energi

LOW-COST HIGH-QUALITY MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON-INGOT CASTING

Awarded: NOK 9.4 mill.

Project Period: 2015-2017

Location: Nordland - Nordlánnda

ENERGIX-Stort program energi

High productivity Czochralski silicon ingot casting

Awarded: NOK 3.0 mill.

Project Period: 2014-2015

Location: Nordland - Nordlánnda

PES-EUR-Prosjektetablererstøtte Eureka

High efficiency low-cost solar cell process

Awarded: NOK 0.10 mill.

Project Period: 2012-2012

Location: Nordland - Nordlánnda