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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



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Utviklingssjef

EnSol AS har patentert og under utvikling en ny 4 generasjon tynn film solselle teknologi. EnSol har prosjektert og bygget et anlegg for fysisk fordampning av metalliske materialer med den største kjente nanoparikkelkilde. Solsellen er bygget opp av nanot ynne lag med metalliske materialer og innstøpte nanopartikler i et dielektrisk materiale. Nanopartikler av ulike materialer er fremstilt og testet i ulike dielektriske materialer. Da noen nanopartikler endrer egenskaper når de blir innstøpt i ulike dielek triske materialer er dette en tidkrevende FOU aktivitet. Solsellen har et spenningspotensial som er tre ganger større enn i silisium solseller. Solsellen drives av fotovoltaiske plasmon resonans og thermiotic effekter. Nanopartiklenes fotovoltaiske egensk aper er dokumentert. Hovedutfordringen med denne teknologien er å utvikle et dielektrisk materiale som både isolerer spenningspotensialet og samtidig effektivt leder frigjorte elektroner i sellen, dette er et grunnleggende arbeid uten tidligere dokumenterte forskni ngsresultat og prosjektet er derfor søkt forlenget med et nytt prosjekt.
Eksperimentell fremstilling av nye dielektriske materialer pågår og videreføres. Dette er en iterativ prosess hvor resultater kontinuerlig innarbeides i det eksperimentelle arbeid.

EnSol AS har konstruert, patentert og under utvikling en ny type 4 generasjon tynnfilm solselle. Solsellen er bygget opp av nanotynne lag av metalliske materialer som påføres bæreflaten (glass) i en vakuum prosess hvor metallet avsettes ved fysisk fordamp ning (Physical Vapor Deposition).
Vinteren/sommeren 2009/2010 gjennomførte EnSol et forprosjekt for å bekrefte konseptets potensial gjennom fremstilling av pilotseller ved University of Leicester. Forprosjektet er delfinansiert av Norges Forskningsråd og  prosjektrapport er utarbeidet og oversendt.
Forprosjektet bekrefter at elektroner transporteres gjennom det fotovoltaiske materialet og at sellen produserer strøm ved belysning. 
EnSol solselle er en innovativ metallbasert fotovoltaisk nanoteknologi som u tnytter den resonante absorpsjon skapt i metall nanopartiklene og et innebygget elektrisk felt. Solsellen vil utnytte hele lysets bølgelengde og vil således oppnå høy effektivitet.
Et treårig forsknings- og utviklingsprogram er utarbeidet og tilrettelagt  sammen med ledende kompetansemiljø i Norge og UK. Programmet skal fokusere på teoretisk og eksperimentell utprøving av ulike materialkombinasjoner, oppbygging av de funksjonelle lag i sellen samt verifikasjon av påføringsprosesser. Utforskningen vil finne  sted i et tilrettelagt laboratorium ved University of Leicester/ prototypanlegg i Bergen. Dette laboratorium for eksperimentell utprøving og analyse av flerlags nanokompositt vakuum avsetning av fordampede metalliske materialer utvikles i samarbeid med U niversity of Leicester og Universitetet i Bergen. EnSol er invitert inn som partner i to EU ansøkninger med relevant kompetanse og metodikk til vårt konsept.
Det er selskapets industrielle målsetning ved en avgrenset markedsintroduksjon i 2015/2016, å ha  et norskutviklet solselleprodukt som er mer miljøvennlig og mer enerigeffektivt enn dagens halvlederbaserte solseller, til en markedspris som tilsvarer gridparitet uten subsidier.

Utvikling av ny tynnfilm nanokrystall solselle

Det er et økende behov for biodrivstoff i Norge og i resten av verden. Biodrivstoff kan produseres fra bærekraftige kilder som skog og avfall fra skogbruk, jordbruk, industri og husholdning. Det er viktig å utvikle en effektiv prosess som tar høyde for utfordringene i forbindelse med omdanning av biomasse til biodrivstoff. Første trinn i produksjon av biodrivstoff er gassifisering av biomassen.  I dette trinnet varmes biomassen opp til en høy temperatur og omdannes til en syntesegass som består av karbonmonoksid og hydrogen. Denne gassen kan videre benyttes til produksjon av biodrivstoff. Aske er et biprodukt fra gassifiseringsprosessen. Det er store utfordringer knyttet til asken, og nøkkelen til suksess er å identifisere og løse disse utfordringene. 
Problemene med aske i gassifiseringsreaktorer varierer avhengig av hvilken type reaktor som benyttes. I noen typer reaktorer er problemet at asken smelter og det dannes agglomerater som reduserer effetiviteten til reaktoren. I andre typer reaktorer, skal asken smelte og renne ut av reaktoren. Her kan problemet være at asken blir for seig. Aske har forskjellige egenskaper avhengig av sammensetningen av biomassen, og i dette prosjektet har aske fra forskjellige typer biomasse blitt vurdert. 
I prosjektet har det blitt brukt aske som er representativ for forskjellige typer biomasse fra skog og landbruk. Et 3-komponent fasediagram som representerer den kjemiske sammensetningen i aske fra biomasse ble brukt for å velge representative askesammensetninger. Ved hjelp av beregninger og simuleringer ble det besluttet å bruke tre forskjellige askesammensetninger som representerer askesammensetningen i henholdsvis hvetehalm, gress og avfall fra skogsdrift. Syntetisk aske ble tilberedt og analysert med hensyn på kjemisk sammensetning og mineralfaser. Resultatene ble videre brukt i numeriske studier for å estimere viskositeten til den syntetiske asken. Det er utviklet en beregningsmodell som tar ut bilder fra forsøk foretatt i en fuktingsovn og beregner prøvenes flytegenskaper inne i ovnen. Viskositetsmodellen ble optimalisert slik at den simulerte prøven stemmer med den eksperimentelle. Viskositetsmåling av 3 forskjellige syntetiske askeblandinger er utført ved Aalto University i Finland, og ytterligere tester er utført ved Montan-University Leoben, Østerrike. Viskositet i aske som funksjon av temperatur er sammenlignet med resultater fra viskositetsmodellen, og det er funnet at modellen stemmer bra for aske med lavt alkaliinnhold, men at det er noen avvik for aske med høyt alkaliinnhold. 
Det ble kjørt tester i en labskala fluidisert gassifiseringsreaktor der problemet med aske er at den kan smelte og danne agglomerater. Forsøkene ble kjørt ved forskjellige temperaturer. Trepellets, treflis og gress ble brukt som føde til reaktoren. Resultatene viser at ved gitte driftsbetingelser, smelter asken og det dannes agglomerater. Størrelse og mengde agglomerater er avhengig av temperatur, og mengde og type aske. Det ble registrert at agglomerater kan dannes ved temperaturer under askesmeltetemperaturen til de forskjellige biomassene. Under forsøkskjøringene ble trykket og temperaturen i reaktoren observert, og tidspunkt for kritisk mengde av agglomerater ble registrert. Det ble gjort analyser for å studere sammensetningen i asken og agglomeratene. Det ble også kjørt forsøk i en kald fluidisert bed for å studere strømningsforholdene i en reaktor med og uten agglomerater. Resultatene viser at fluidiseringsegenskapene endrer seg når det er agglomerater til stede i reaktoren. De eksperimentelle resultatene ble brukt til å verifisere og forbedre en simuleringsmodell som videre ble brukt til å simulere en oppskalert gassifiseringsreaktor. Simuleringene viste tydelig at med en økt mengde agglomerater blir fluidiseringsegenskapene endret og under gitte betingelser blir reaktoren defluidisert. 
Eksperimentelle tester ble også kjørt i en mikroskala fluidisert bed reaktor for å visualisere agglomereringsprosessen og vurdere når defluidisering oppstår. Forsøkene er utført med tre, bark, gress og halm ved forskjellige temperaturer. Resultatene ble brukt til å utvikle en matematisk modell som kan predikere defluidisering som følge av sammensetningen i asken og temperatur. 
FLASH har hittil resultert i en ferdig PhD avhandling, to fullførte masteroppgaver, 8 publiserte vitenskapelige artikler og 2 artikler under vurdering i internasjonale tidsskrifter. I tillegg er det 3 vitenskapelige artikler under arbeid og planlagt publisert i 2022. Totalt sett har FLASH gitt et verdifullt bidrag til å fremskynde kommersialisering av prosessen omdanning av biomasse til biodrivstoff via gassifisering.

The need for advanced biofuels produced from sustainable sources, is stressed on both national and international level. The key to unlocking gasification and downstream catalytic upgrading as a viable route for biomass and waste to biofuels is solving the challenge related to the ash, and this is the main motivation for the project. The project will develop a novel method to determine ash viscosity combined with chemical analysis. Using reference ash materials, the project aims at quantifying the flowability of selected ash samples. In parallel, the project will focus on thermodynamic equilibrium modelling to assess the phase distribution and composition of the ash.  The work will consist of establishing a new thermodynamic database for ash reactions for main, minor and trace ash elements followed by parametric studies. The results will be compared with the ash microscope results for further improvements and validation. Combined with viscosity measurements generated by rheology tests and experimental tests performed in a pilot fluidized bed gasifier, a solid basis for ash behaviour prediction will be attained. Experimental study in a pilot fluidized bed (FB) gasifier will be performed with ash coated bed material and different types of bed material, fluidization agents and biomass ash composition will be used to study the ash behaviour and agglomeration in FB gasifiers. Combination of new ash chemistry, a predictive model for ash related problems for biomass mixtures, in-depth experimental studies of the gasification process will give the basis for developing an validate a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to predict ash related problems in biomass gasification processes. Altogether, the project will give a valuable contribution to improve the gasification efficiency and accelerate the implementation of biomass to biofuels via gasification by mitigating ash-related challenges.

0 projects

ENERGIX-Stort program energi

FLASH-Predicting the FLow behavior of ASH mixtures for production of transport biofuels in the circular economy

Awarded: NOK 9.9 mill.

Project Period: 2018-2022

Location: Buskerud