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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Termoelektriske Silisider

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på år

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på fagområde

Senior R&D Engineer

Mer enn 60% av energien som produseres i verden i dag, forsvinner ut til omgivelsene som spillvarme. En mulig teknologi for å utnytte noe av denne spillvarmen er termoelektriske generatorer (TEG). Et TEG-system har ingen bevegelige deler, er vedlikeholdsfritt og kan, på grunn av dets modulære oppbygning, tilpasses de fleste spillvarmekilder uavhengig av størrelse. Kjernen i en TEG er et termoelektrisk materiale som omdanner en varmestrøm til elektrisk strøm. Jo høyere temperaturforskjell, desto mer elektrisitet blir generert. Imidlertid er i dag TEG en relativt kostbar teknologi, da det benyttes sjeldne, dyre og giftige materialer som dessuten kun tåler temperaturer opp til et par hundre grader.   I dette prosjektet skal vi utvikle den neste generasjonen av termoelektriske materialer basert på rimelig og ufarlig silisium, som i forbindelse med andre stoffer danner silisider. Disse silisidene vil tåle høyere temperaturer enn dagens materialer, og vil dermed kunne omdanne varme mer effektivt til strøm. Målet med TESil har vært å demonstrere en fungerende TEG basert på silisider med betydelig lavere kostnad enn dagens etablerte TEG-teknologi.

Ved å bygge på Elkems kunnskap innen produksjon av avanserte silisium-baserte materialer med svært lav energikost, ønsker vi å utvikle nye materialer og avanserte produksjonsprosesser tilpasset produksjon av termoelektriske silisider. TEGma vil behandle disse materialene videre for å integrere dem i TEG som kan brukes til blant annet spillvarmegjenvinning. Videre vil SINTEF, UiO og UiA bidra med modellering, karakterisering og måling av materialene for å oppnå høy effektivitet og holdbarhet over tid. 

En del av prosjektet har fokusert på å identifisere lovende silisider for termoelektriske anvendelser ved hjelp av teoretiske metoder. Dette var basert på grunnleggende, kvantemekaniske beregninger med utgangspunkt i forskjellige materialers kjemiske sammensetning og krystallstruktur. Mer enn 1000 forskjellige sammensetninger ble brukt som utgangpunkt, og fra disse ble rundt 30 forbindelser identifisert som lovende termoelektriske materialer. Blant dem er velkjente materialer som Mg2Si, MnSix og SiGe, men de aller fleste av disse materialene har aldri blitt rapportert i den termoelektriske litteraturen. Om resultatene fra de teoretiske beregningene lar seg reprodusere eksperimentelt, vil dette representere et signifikant steg i utviklingen av nye, termoelektriske materialer.

Parallelt med dette har vi fremstilt «state-of-the-art» materialer som Mg2Si og MnSi1.75.  Resultatene viser at vi med våre produksjonsmetoder, som lett lar seg oppskalere, oppnår omtrent samme termoelektriske egenskaper som publiserte verdier.  Konsolidering av av disse  pulvermaterialene til kompakte materialer med høy strukturell integritet er et viktig steg i fremstillingen av TEG.   Dette har i prosjektet blitt gjort med teknikken "spark plasma sintering" (SPS), som er en hurtig og fleksibel metode som lar seg oppskalere til industriell skala. Parameterrommet til metoden har blitt optimert ved å bruke en Taguchi-matrise, som spenner ut et multidimensjonalt parameterrom med et minimalt antall eksperimenter. Dette har blitt brukt til å finne optimale prosessparametere og optimal sammensetning (inkludert doping) av materialene.

Materialene som ble utviklet i prosjektet, ble til slutt brukt til å lage termoelektriske moduler. Sylindriske skiver fra sintringsprosessen ble saget opp til rettvinklete parallellepipeder som så ble montert sammen i termoelektriske moduler. Flere typer metallisering og bonding ble testet for å utvikle en velfungerende modul.

Dette prosjektet søker å utvikle silisiumbaserte materialer til termoelektriske (TE) anvendelser, for eksempel direkte omdanning av spillvarme til elektrisitet. Silisider er blant de mest lovende materialene for neste generasjon TE generatorer, med en gunstig kombinasjon av lave råvarepriser, ikke-giftige grunnstoffer og ganske god effektivitet - de har potensielt best ytelse/pris blant alle kjente TE materialsystemer. En hovedutfordring med silisider er å etablere en koherent produksjonslinje som fører helt frem til ferdige moduler. Det er langt fra de lovende resultatene på laboratorieskala til en industriell prosesslinje, og det er ingen internasjonale aktører som har rapportert metoder som løser utfordringene med en slik oppskalering. Innovasjonen reflekterer de forskjellige trinnene som må være på plass for en industriprosess: 1) valg av materialsystem, 2) produksjon av materialer integrert i Elkems silisiumlinje, 3) utvikling av en pulvermetallurgisk metode for å lage kompakte materialer fra pulver, 4) metallisering og pakking av modul. Valg av materialsystem vil bli gjort med en kombinasjon av teoretisk screening, eksperimentell testing og data fra litteraturen. Pulverproduksjonen vil ta utgangspunkt i eksisterende linjer for bærekraftig silisiumproduksjon hos Elkem, der det er tilgang til et spenn av renhetsgrader og priser. Flere metallurgiske metoder vil bli testet for å konsolidere pulveret, med optimering av parametere som temperaturprofil, trykk og atmosfære. Pakkingen vil bli basert på tilgjengelige metoder fra litteraturen, inkludert egenutviklede metoder for bonding.

Thermoelectric Silicides

SAM-prosjektet er et innovativt og nytt digitaliseringssystem for selv-oppdaterende modeller, med mål om å forbedre konkurranseevnen til norske prosessindustrier. Prosjektet setter søkelys på å forbedre prosessovervåking, prosessforståelse, prosesskontroll og autonome modeller. De forventede merverdiene fra prosjektets innovasjoner anses som betydelige.
Prosjektansvarlig Bilfinger, har brukt sitt BCAP-produkt til dataanalyse av historiske data for å identifisere nøkkelparametere for forbedring i en produksjonsprosess. Ved å legge til nye moduler til BCAP, har Bilfinger som mål å bli en foretrukket leverandør av digitale plattformer, noe som vil føre til betydelig vekst i omsetning og fortjeneste.
Boliden Odda, en annen industripartner, har som mål å optimere sink- og sulfatinnholdet i renset løsning før elektrolyse. De har evaluert og satt i drift en ny instrumenteringsløsning for tetthetsmåling, noe som resulterer i økt nøyaktighet og stabilitet i beregningen av sinkinnholdet. De utforsker også andre tetthetsmålingsteknikker for å få innsikt i ulike deler av prosessen.
Eramet og Elkem samarbeider i SAM-prosjektet og installerer sensorer som termokameraer, vektsystemer og nivåmålingssystemer i den utfordrende tappesonen. Disse sensorene har som mål å redusere behovet for menneskelig tilstedeværelse, forbedre datainnsamlingen og erstatte visuelle observasjoner og manuelle målinger.
Equinor har fokusert på testing og analyse av vibrasjonssensorer for rørledninger i SAM-prosjektet. De analyserer også feltdata fra akustiske sanddetektorer. Videre forskning er nødvendig for å utvikle modeller som kan predikere strømningshastighet og sammensetning nøyaktig for hver produsert fase (olje, gass og vann) basert på signalene.
Hydro har jobbet med å forbedre varmebalansemålingen i elektrolyseceller for aluminiumproduksjon. De har evaluert ulike metoder for å måle varmeflukt nøyaktig og velger ut de mest lovende for videre utvikling. Utviklet sensor vil bli forsøkt kommersialisert vha 3. part etter at patentsøknaden er godkjent.
REC Solar har brukt resultatene fra SAM-prosjektet for å forbedre stivningsprosessen i ordinær produksjon. De har oppnådd tilfredsstillende nivåer av nitrogen og karbon og fokuserer nå på å utvikle en datamodell som kobler ekstern temperatur, vekt og kraftsignaler til bildeanalyse av smeltehelling. De bygger en database med nøkkelparametere basert på tidsseriedata fra prosessen.
Yara har utført kontinuerlige støvmålinger i en omfattende studie av NPK-produksjonen i Porsgrunn med mål om å optimere driften, samt å bedre kartlegge variasjoner i støvutslipp til miljø. Flere produksjonskampanjer for relevante fokusprodukter er fulgt opp. I et annet studium, i samarbeid med Rheality Ltd, er et piezoelektrisk element installert i en prosesslinje. Én prøvekampanje er gjennomført, og det utvikles en AI-modell for å måle viskositeten til prosessmediet basert på denne sensoren.
Samlet sett bidrar SAM-prosjektet til økt konkurranseevne og verdiskapning hos prosjektdeltagerne. Den utviklede teknologi og kompetanse vil også komme øvrig norsk prosessindustri til gode i fremtidige prosjekter.

The primary objective is to demonstrate that, by adapting digitalization methodologies to process industries, significant optimization of the processes and reduction of their environmental impacts can be achieved. The innovations include optimization and control of industrial production processes using big data analytics, new online sensors and data-based models. In close cooperation with the project partners the innovation will lead to the development of an algorithm for self-adapting model, which the partners can potentially integrate into their existing data systems at the end of the projects.  
The research will involve combining existing process data with new data gathered from a grid of sensors assembled in an innovative manner. These new process data and the data-driven models will be used to define the optimum set points for the processes. The R&D challenges are many-fold, where the most critically are: i) harsh environment makes on-line measurement non-operational in practice, ii) identifying the most causal process variables from correlated data, iii) the majority of available data have poor quality – resulting in poor predictive models, iv) unexpected changes in critical process variables not integrated in the data-based models (e.g. future change in raw material quality) which reduce the autonomy potential of the SAM module. 
By involving several process industries, this project will give researchers the opportunity to develop generic algorithms suitable for a broad range of processes.

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BIA-Brukerstyrt innovasjonsarena

SAM – Self Adapting Model-based system for Process Autonomy

Awarded: NOK 16.0 mill.

Project Period: 2019-2023

Location: Telemark