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2021

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Kunnskapsdepartement

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Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Internal Fortress: Regulating European Freedom of Movement within the Nation-State, 1950-1980

Against the prevailing view that freedom of movement lowered internal barriers to movement while raising walls against outsiders to create a ‘fortress Europe,’ this project investigates how the introduction of freedom of movement may have strengthened national political authority over European migration within the member states of the European Economic Community (EEC). InternalFortress suggests that as governments gradually lifted entry restrictions across the EEC, they also built out new internal administrative machinery to insert ‘Community migrants’ into key areas of social and economic life, placing migrants from outside the bloc at a disadvantage within local communities. The project explores this hypothesis in three key areas: social security, skill development, and union participation. The PI will lead a team of two PhD researchers and one postdoc to deploy a methodologically innovative multi-layered research program that analyses the interplay between national, European, and international institutions, as well as the private NGO networks that flowed between those formal frameworks. In contrast to previous histories of freedom of movement, which explain policy outcomes leading up to today’s regime of European citizenship, InternalFortress makes an important interpretive innovation by focusing squarely on the early process of transition from the 1950s to the 1970s. The project will investigate how the improvised nature of early integration created gaps and tensions that were consolidated in the 1970s as national and regional migration policies settled into more rigid patterns. InternalFortress suggests that policies behind the border matter as much as policies at the border for understanding the acrimonious debates around European migration that continue through the present.

International Platform on Obstetric Violence (IPOV): an innovative tool for a respectful maternity and 
childbirth care

Over-medicalisation and disrespect in maternity and childbirth care have been identified by international research as an urgent global public health topic (WHO 2014, Simonovic 2019, Council of Europe 2019). The IPOV-RESPECTFUL CARE project intends to bring attention to obstetric violence and respectful maternity and childbirth care by implementing a concrete tool—the International Platform on Obstetric Violence—to bridge academic research and public policy, training for health professionals, women’s perspectives and public engagement on the matter. The Platform will be an innovative, international, interdisciplinary, intersectoral and cross-cultural digital and interactive tool for producing, sharing and transferring knowledge, systematising and exchanging good practices, acquiring skills and planning gender -based innovative training packages on respectful maternity and childbirth care among health professionals, health training managers, decision makers, researchers, women and all of society. To achieve these goals, a network of 39 breakthrough experts, from 19 participating organisations and 9 countries (universities, research centres, civil organisations and health maternity care institutions) will be established.

Concept development for a research infrastructure to manage, integrate and sustain large medical cohort studies

The INTEGRATE-LMedC consortium will develop a new concept to guide and support decision-making for the next-generation research infrastructure (RI) to facilitate efficient utilization and harmonization of large medical cohorts (LMedC), and to accelerate scientific and medical breakthroughs in Europe and beyond. Achievement of the ambitious objectives will only be possible through the integration of 11 highly interdisciplinary partners including established ERIC / ESFRI infrastructures such BBMRI,  ECRIN, EIRENE and EBRAINS with unique expertise in conceptualizing and implementing European RIs. The partners will generate a gap analysis to identify what is missing of cohort data and samples, RI tools and services, quality measures, governance models, user needs and the barriers for efficient utilization of these cohorts and RI, including ethical and legal frameworks. To identify IT technologies and architecture for suitable data stewardship and long-term availability of European RIs, the partners will prepare for a feasibility study for federated data analysis of LMedC. The feasibility study will be based on two examples of use-cases: one stroke case using data from medical health registry data and one case using data from longitudinal population-based studies with different technical, legal, and ethical challenges. To ensure availability of data and samples related to existing and future LMedC studies and their re-use for secondary research, the partners will develop a concept outline including a governance plan and guiding principles for data access policies and data protection policy, whilst considering the FAIR principles and ELSI issues. An overarching RI concept to manage, integrate, and sustain LMedC studies will be developed, including an initial financial and operational plan for the implementation of the new RI outlining new services and access opportunities for the research community.

REGULAR AND UNPLANNED CARE ADAPTIVE DASHBOARD FOR CROSS–BORDER EMERGENCIES

During cross-border health emergencies, health and care services may be overwhelmed by high numbers of patients requiring unplanned care. Delays and backlogs in regular care, as a result of the stretched health care system, leave millions of patients with regular care needs unattended, resulting in disastrous healthcare outcomes. If poor healthcare outcomes across the population are to be avoided, healthcare systems must become more resilient and flexible and allow for rapid changes in the care delivery services. RAPIDE’s aim is to develop, validate and demonstrate a portfolio of powerful tools that enable healthcare systems to build in robustness of decisions, resilience of the health care professionals and patients and flexibility in the modalities of care delivery, thereby maintaining access to regular care during health emergencies. 

RAPIDE emphasises opportunities for optimising in-hospital care, but also for relocating care from hospitals to community and home environments without loss of care quality. Thus, the project focuses on two closely-linked challenges – 1: Identifying and predicting how much care, and which care, needs to be moved along the care chain; 2: Identifying and verifying effective, feasible and acceptable ways to make this reconfiguration of care a reality. This will be achieved by (a) resource modelling, which builds comprehensive foresight and forecasting solutions and links them to patient flows optimization, along the whole chain of care, (b) selecting and implementing the best available tools to deliver regular care in new ways. To ensure usability, acceptability and equitable real-world value, RAPIDE will be co-designed and co-validated with stakeholders, from patients, GPs, clinicians and hospital managers to health ministries, pandemic-management and public health agencies. A Table Top Exercise and extensive communication and dissemination will raise awareness of the project’s successes.

Transition to safe & sustainable food systems through new & innovative detection methods & digital solutions for plant-based products derived from new genomic techniques, under a co-creation approach

DARWIN aims to contribute to a fair, healthy, safe and environmentally friendly food system by co-developing an innovative detection strategy by integrating targeted analytical PCR-based methods, untargeted sequencing methods, and digital solutions. A new generation of innovative and reliable DNA-based analytical detection methods, ranging from enhanced PCR methods for NGT detection, identification and quantification in single and multi-target systems, to untargeted sequencing methods related to whole-genome sequencing, laser capture microdissection-based sequencing and high throughput metagenomics sequencing for NGT screening and characterization. DARWIN will bring a cutting-edge approach developing genetic fingerprints using artificial intelligence to overcome challenges related to event-specific targeted methods, unambiguously identifying specific NGT lines. DARWIN also brings innovation in the new application of digital solutions such as data spaces and documentation-based screening to increase the data evidence to NGTs; blockchains to enable transparent and traceable detection along the food chain; AI models; and a Decision Support System to improve accuracy and support the selection of the best fit for purpose detection methods. DARWIN will reach TRL4-5 though validation including in-house, transferability and full trials, and presenting 3 cases representative of real situations relevant for NGT products in the EU agri-food market. After methods validation and the definition of a clear oriented detection strategy, DARWIN will theoretically extrapolate its finding to more complex scenarios encountering the diversity of NGT lines and food products that might reach EU markets. All this, under an interdisciplinary co-creation ecosystem based on Responsible Research and innovation (RRI) principals, empowering a wide variety of stakeholders - including consumers - in Europe and internationally; and robustly contributing to the policy making.

Interoperable applications suite to enhance European identity and document Security and fraud detection

Combatting frauds on identity and travel documents is a key mission of law enforcement agencies and border guards. Industries have been working on new means to combat frauds on identity, and public authorities are using numerous technologies to accomplish their mission, but permanent innovation is required to fight highly skilled defrauders. A number of European innovation projects have tested new ways to combat fraud but few of them reached an operational level.
EINSTEIN objectives is to enhance significantly existing public authorities’ means through innovation, building on technologies proven in the labs but not mature for an operational usage yet. EINSTEIN will deliver six applications essential to fight identity frauds: 1) online ID issuance using a secure cloud-based server for real-time biometric quality checks and fraud detection, 2) mobile document and identity checks using commercially available smartphones, 3) document authentication module to detect fraudulent documents, 4) pre-registration for land-border crossings including biometrics and DTC, 5) EES kiosk with advanced fraud detection using video surveillance, 6) fast track for enrolled travelers using on-the-move face and iris. To ensure TRL7 at a minimum, practitioners will run six different pilot use cases in their own environment. A key objective is also to ensure interoperability and flexibility of all the components developed in the project so that they can be reused in different contexts, possibly by different providers. Design of open, well-defined, standardized interfaces will allow achieving this objective.
Privacy being an essential concern of all European citizens and governments, EINSTEIN will take into account privacy-by-design principles, developing flexible components to ease their customization in order to meet not only the European legislation on data protection but also national legislations on this matter, which vary significantly from one country to the other.


Waste in humanitarian Operations: Reduction and Minimisation

Waste in humanitarian Operations: Reduction and Minimisation (WORM)'s overall objective is designing guidelines and support actions for circular economy in the humanitarian sector. WORM focuses on two selected settings: field hospital deployments, and humanitarian livelihood programmes with a waste picking component. Across these settings, the project focuses on several cross-cutting focus areas: 
•	the integration of bio-based technological innovation solutions in the humanitarian context, 
•	using procurement as a gatekeeper for waste avoidance, and gateway to integrate innovative solutions, 
•	improvements in waste management, and the use of less polluting waste treatment methods, 
•	a specific focus on the sustainable livelihoods of waste pickers, and 
•	policy development, advocacy and a heightened local awareness of improved waste management in the relevant local contexts.
Following a multi-actor approach, WORM brings together medical humanitarian organisations and humanitarian organisations with livelihood programmes with innovation and supplier clusters, procurement service providers, logistics service providers, waste management service providers and academic partners. WORM seeks to involve a myriad of different stakeholders in data collection and policy development, including but not limited to, humanitarian actors positioned in the field during an operation, local waste management companies, start-ups focusing on bio-based solutions, policymakers (both local and global), and research institutions. WORM includes partners from low- and middle-income countries (esp. Kenya, Viet Nam) since humanitarian operations are often implemented in these contexts. WORM will focus on these contexts in their local awareness campaigns for improved waste management.

Supporting Policy Regulations and Interventions to Negate aggravated Global diarrheal disease due to future climate Shocks

BACKGROUND: Global warming and climate extremes such as heavy precipitation, flooding, and drought are increasing risks for waterborne diarrheal disease. While these effects already burden low- and middle-income countries, where diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of childhood deaths, Europe has shared and underappreciated vulnerabilities. There is an urgent need to prepare and protect our water and communities from these threats.
AIM: To inform key climate, environmental, and health adaptation policies, in order to support and prepare citizens, communities and governments by better measuring the impact of future climate shocks on the burden of water-borne diarrheal diseases.
APPROACH: We bring together scientists from climate, environment, health, and social sciences to collaborate with communities, industry, public authorities and policy makers across socioeconomic settings. We will model the future impact of global climate change, on local water quality and quantity, and diarrheal disease outcomes. In case studies in Ghana, Tanzania, Italy, and Romania, we will measure current interactions of climate, behaviour, and water quality on pathogen-specific diarrheal disease risks and the safety of water supply systems. We will engage individuals and communities to understand situated understandings and practices to improve risk communication and ownership. With policy makers, we will design appraisal structures to assess the economic impact and value of planetary health interventions to prevent climate-related diarrheal disease.
IMPACT: SPRINGS will improve integrated climate and health surveillance, create climate-resilient water supply systems, engage citizens and stakeholders, and use evidence-based value assessments to prioritise interventions to prevent climate-induced diarrheal disease.  Long term adaptive capacity and climate-resilience will increase in Europe and beyond, preventing unnecessary illness and deaths from waterborne diarrheal disease.

COordination MEchanism for Cohorts and Trials

The overall goal of COMECT is to coordinate activities across Europe’s strategic adaptive platform trials (APTs) and cohort studies (CS) on infectious diseases (IDs) with epidemic or pandemic potential, by overseeing and facilitating dialogue, sharing of good practices, promoting collaboration and coordination across studies and providing updated information on initiatives and innovation in ID clinical research.
COMECT will build on and strengthen existing networks and infrastructure. These include EU-funded coordination mechanisms and networks, namely the Trial Coordination Board (TCB), Joint Access Advisory Mechanism (JAAM), the Cohort Coordination Board (CCB), and the ECRAID Coordinating Comittee. COMECT will develop a visible, well-defined coordination mechanism to highlight Europe's capacity and competence as an attractive base for clinical research.

COMECT will deliver:
1) an expanded, combined  European coordination mechanism that will work on harmonizing research initiatives, exchange of good practices, and stakeholder engagement across ID clinical studies in outbreaks and during inter-epidemic phases.
2) a strengthened JAAM to support coordination through independent scientific assessment of compounds/vaccines and recommendations for APTs to evaluate the new compound in new or adapted platform trials.
3) the mapping of stakeholders and their respective activities relevant to APTs and CS
4) a harmonised approach cross-study identification, assessment, and reuse of participant-level data from European APTs and CS
5) coherent communications and stakeholder engagement across all activities
6) a sustainability plan for the continuation of activities beyond the funding period.

COMECT will quickly adapt coordination efforts to a changing research landscape and to new ID threats. COMECT will operate in close collaboration with other emergency preparedness mechanisms, such as HERA, EMA, GLOPiD-R and the European Pandemic Preparedness Partnership.

Numeriske strømningsberegninger for design av energieffektive og miljøvennlige maritime propulsorer

Midlene fra MAROFF-2-Maritim virksomhet og offsh-2 fordelt på år

Midlene fra MAROFF-2-Maritim virksomhet og offsh-2 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra MAROFF-2-Maritim virksomhet og offsh-2 fordelt på fagområde

VP Engineering

Six industrial companies in Norway, delivering propulsion systems, have joined forces with two research partners for this project. The focus is development of the next generation propulsion design and analysis tool for industrial use that incorporates the traditional calculation approaches for early-phase design tasks and viscous flow methods for advanced simulations for a range of different propulsion systems under different operation conditions. This will enable more reliable prediction of the performance of different propulsion systems.
The project will extend existing flow analysis tools for propulsion analyses with modelling of viscous flow at full-scale using Computation Fluid Dynamics. This will be a step beyond the current state-of-the-art in the industrial CFD. Verification and validation as regards computational mesh, turbulence model and multiphase model are of paramount importance. The development involves the use of an open source CFD library and development of automated, best practice simulation setups customized to specific simulation scenarios. 
Method validation will be performed against experimental databases, and by comparisons with commercial CFD codes. Customization and automation of simulation setups will greatly reduce time, costs and user errors for the industrial users.

The project is a cooperation between 6 companies in Norway delivering propulsion systems and two research partners.
The focus is development of the next generation propulsion design and analysis tool for industrial use that incorporates the traditional calculation approaches for early-phase design tasks and high-fidelity viscous flow methods for advanced simulations for a range of different propulsion systems under different operation conditions. This will enable more reliable prediction of the performance of different propulsion systems as model test suffer from scale effects that may give misleading assessments.
The parametric model and workflow functionality will allow the users to perform custom design optimization of propulsion systems and enable design exploration studies at a system level. 
The project will extend existing numerical tools for propulsion analyses with explicit modelling of viscous flow at full-scale using Computation Fluid Dynamics. This will be a step beyond the current state-of-the-art in the industrial CFD. Verification and validation as regards computational mesh, turbulence model and multiphase model are of paramount importance. The development involves the use of an open source CFD library and development of automated, best practice simulation setups customized to specific simulation scenarios. 
CFD methods will include the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method with two-equation turbulence models, and more sophisticated turbulence modelling methods such as Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) or Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Open source CFD libraries enable direct modifications and extensions of the numerical models implemented in the code, which is normally impossible with closed source software. Method validation will be performed against experimental databases, and by comparisons with commercial CFD codes. Customization and automation of simulation setups will greatly reduce time, costs and user errors for the industrial users.

Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Design of Energy Efficient and Environment Friendly Marine Propulsors

I store deler av Irakiske og Syriske Kurdistan er ikke lenger sentralstaten en styrende kraft i folks hverdag. Men dette betyr ikke at det ikke er noen orden eller noe system for hvordan folk styrer seg selv. Dette prosjektet spør: Hvordan skal vi forstå samfunnsstyring og suverenitet utenfor statens rammer? Med nye globale bevegelser som ønsker å bygge ned eller styrke staten, både på venstresiden og høyresiden, har dette spørsmålet gradvis blitt mer presserende. Resultatene fra prosjektet vil være derfor relevant for folk som jobber med utenrikspolitikk, Midtøsten, og for forskning som er interessert i alternative måter å strukturere et samfunn på.

Ved å ta utgangspunkt i at ideen om suverenitet (slik den har blitt utformet i vestlig kanon) ikke nødvendigvis er relevant for lokale menneskers forståelse av hva styring er, vil prosjektet forsøke å ekstrapolere en grasrotforståelse av hvilke begreper og praksiser som kan erstatte eller supplementere suverenitet. Prosjektet tar, med andre ord, utgangspunkt i informanters egne definisjoner og ideer om hva suverenitet og styring medfører, og hvordan dette er nedfelt i praksis. Dette ble undersøkt empirisk i et feltarbeid som ble avsluttet i 2022, og selv om dataen fortsatt analyseres, er det fler overordnede funn som prosjektet kan videreformidle. 

Det første dreier seg om de Irakiske og Syriske Kurdiske myndigheters mulighetsrom til å handle som om de var suverene. Gitt at statene som omringer de Kurdiske myndighetene har lite insentiv til å støtte Kurdisk suverenitet, har prosjektet funnet at Kurdiske myndigheter svarer på dette presse ved å presentere seg selv som suverene i møtet med internasjonale aktører. Ved å legge vekt på de Kurdiske regionens de facto suverenitet, ønsker Kurdiske ledere (spesielt) å tre inn i verdenssamfunnet uten å ha en egen stat. Det andre funnet er knyttet til dette, siden en slik selvpresentasjon ofte møter realpolitiske problemer som knytter seg til tradisjonell statssuverenitet (slik som, f. eks, handelsavtaler og tariffavtaler, såvel som muligheter for å motta millitær- og annen type støtte direkte).

Prosjektet har også begynt å gi empiriske og konkrete svar på hvordan statsløs suverenitet og samfunnsstyring kommer til utrykk i praksis. I publikasjonen People vs. Peoples (2023), sammenliknes suverenitet i Syriske Kurdistan med suverenitet i den Engelske revolusjonen, hvor det vises at revolusjonære kontekster oppløser enhetlige tanker om ett folk, i en videre forståelse av forskjellige folk. I publikasjonen On the Sidelines of Conpsiracy (under review), brukes mangelen på utbredelse av konspirasjonsteorier i Irakiske Kurdistan som et utgangspunkt for å diskutere hvordan Kurdisk sosialitet forutsetter at staten ikke er en objektiv aktør – som dermed ikke har en egen suverenitet. 

Det Kurdiske eksemplet har også blitt sammenliknet og kontekstualisert i større statsløse sammenhenger og diskusjoner, gjennom en foredragsrekke på Universitetet i Oxford i vårsemesteret 2023. Her har ledende forskere fra hele verden kommet for snakke om hvordan å tenke om statsløs suverenitet. I slutten av vårsemesteret 2023, arrangerte prosjektet en konferanse på to dager, hvor i overkant av 20 eksperter på Kurdistan kom for å diskutere problematikken. Disse konferansebidragene holder nå på å bli samlet til et en redigert bok.

Rapid change in the Middle East has not only challenged how sovereignty is constituted, but has also impacted the very concept of sovereignty. The social and political worlds in the Kurdish areas of Iraq and Syria serve as prime examples, as their stateless and fluctuating condition post-ISIS challenges notions of what sovereignty means in relation to practical governance. Drawing on expertise of leading scholars in Global History at the University of Oxford and in Social Anthropology at the University of Bergen, this project will conduct fieldwork in the Kurdish regions of Iraq and Syria to investigate how sovereignty, autonomy and self-governance are being locally re-imagined and re-worked in these contested areas. The aim of the project is to contribute new understandings of sovereignty 'beyond the state' in a fluctuating and changing Middle East. 

Sovereignty has been traditionally interlinked with statehood in European political theory and anthropology. Considering the non- or pseudo-state nature of the Iraqi and Syrian Kurdish areas, new knowledge is needed to understand how governance and sovereignty may work outside of clearly established state relations. While the two regions have vastly different political-ideological trajectories and modes of social organization, a comparative approach will highlight how conceptualizations of sovereignty and practices of governance are intertwined. The stay at the University of Oxford will allow me to expand the comparative foundation for the project as well as develop new, interdisciplinary understandings of sovereignty and their relevance historically and globally. By prioritizing and starting with local conceptualizations of sovereignty derived from ethnographic field research, the aim is to return the concept to an Anglo-European context, where new intersections may shed light on the concept’s contingency, premises, and disparate use.

0 projects

FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Emic Sovereignties and Global Intersections: Governance Beyond the State in Iraqi and Syrian Kurdistan

Awarded: NOK 3.9 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2024

Location: Vestland