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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

Multilingual Acquisition and Processing: Heritage Russian in Spain

Recent research highlights a need of deeper understanding of the nature of language competence and the development of this competence under heritage language bi- and multilingualism. Heritage speakers (HSs) is a population highly diverse in terms of their linguistic competence and its development. Multilingual Acquisition and Processing (MAP): Heritage Russian in Spain will provide an examination of Russian Heritage Language (HL) grammar in a previously unstudied socio-linguistic context focusing in particular on the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early and most unstable stages of multilingual language development. The overall research objective is to discover the patterns of language acquisition and language processing in order to find out how multilingual minds deploy their developing grammatical knowledge and how they detect and access the linguistic (morpho-syntactic) mechanisms from their two co-existing languages in real-time. The proposed empirical study will investigate the effects of linguistic proximity, individual experiential factors and the developmental patterns of cross-linguistic influence in child bilingualism. Heritage Russian in Spain will be studied with a focus on 3-7-year-old children in order to examine developmental trajectories in both languages. On the theoretical level, MAP will significantly contribute to the development of a model of heritage language grammar and add to a sub-field of multilingualism studies, Heritage Language Acquisition, by showing the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early stages of multilingual Russian-Spanish development. On a societal and education level, project findings will be relevant for policy makers, teachers, school principals and HSs communities in European countries. To date, most heritage language studies have focused exclusively on the minority language, MAP will fill an important gap by focusing on both languages.

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Midlene fra HAVBRUK-Havbruk - en næring i vekst fordelt på år

Midlene fra HAVBRUK-Havbruk - en næring i vekst fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HAVBRUK-Havbruk - en næring i vekst fordelt på fagområde

Forsker

Most of the commercial hatcheries for marine fish utilise live feed for first-feeding of the larvae. The live feed however, needs to be produced and enriched with essential fatty acids Many reports coincide in the high requirement of DHA at early stages o f marine fish. In the recent years live feed enrichment diets based on microorganisms has appeared in the market. These products are rich in DHA and produced by fermentation technology. These products have shown in general good results for enrichment of live feed by inc reasing their levels of DHA. However there are some reports about the poor stability of the dried products under certain conditions. Most of these products are produced from Thraustochytrids. These organisms are eukaryotic, single cell organisms, which ar e widespread in marine coastal waters. They grow heterotrophically on simple carbon and nitrogen sources and accumulate triglycerides for reserve energy. Depending on the strains and growth conditions, their lipid content may account for nearly 80% of the  cell dry. The aim of the project will be to develop an ingredient for first-feed of cod, with thraustochytrids from the Norwegian coast as source of DHA. The fermented biomass will be dried by heat pump drier technique.

Marine microorganisms as source of DHA for use in first-feeding of cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

PortBin seabed skal bli et effektivt verktøy for å få opp kystnært sunket marint søppel, med hovedfokus på havner og elveutløp. I første omgang ned til 15m. Den vil være langt mer effektiv enn alternativene. Mye sikrere og mer skånsomt mot sedimentene enn om dykkere eller annen kjent teknologi skulle gjort dette. Operatørene sitter tørt og trygt med gode HMS forhold og kan ha hele og effektive arbeidsdager. Seabed-teknologien er billig og kostnadseffektivt. Vi tror dette vil være en revolusjonerende kombinasjon av teknologier på et område hvor det i dag finnes veldig få fornuftige løsninger. 
En av utfordringene vi vil møte er variabel sikt. I dette prosjektet ønsker vi å utforske muligheten for å utvide mulighetsvinduet med bruk av ultralyd

Lokal ultralyd deteksjon i grumsete vann

Senter for optisk og akustisk sensorteknologi skal styrke Norges kompetanse innen teknologi for ultralyd og optiske komponenter. Anvendelsene er innen medisin, maritim teknologi og miljøovervåkning. Målet skal nås ved å samarbeide med to verdensledende laboratorier, Stanford Microphotonics Laboratory ved Stanford University i California og Applied Physics Laboratory ved University of Washington i Seattle. Senteret er industriorientert og nært koblet til det NFR-oppnevnte Senter for Forskningsdrevet Innovasjon "Centre for Innovative Ultrasound Solutions" og industriklyngen Electronic Coast. Her samarbeider norske teknologibedrifter og universiteter om avansert teknologiutvikling. Hovedaktiviteten i senteret er utveksling av ansatte og studenter mellom USN og de amerikanske universitetene. Norske master- og doktorgradsstudenter får en unik mulighet til å utføre deler av studiene sine ved verdensledende universiteter, med kunnskapsproduksjon og infrastruktur på svært høyt nivå. Tilsvarende vil amerikanske studenter få mulighet til å utføre deler av sine studier i laboratoriene på USN, og dermed styrke båndene mellom institusjonene våre. Studentene vil komme ut med internasjonal erfaring og et nettverk som vil være til nytte gjennom hele deres profesjonelle karriere, enten det blir i industrien eller i akademia. I tillegg vil gjesteopphold av forskere og undervisere gi mulighet for spesialiserte kurs og undervisning på et høyere nivå enn det vi klarer alene. Senteret vil promotere utvikling av felles forskningssøknader som vil båndene mellom institusjonene våre ytterligere, og samarbeidet skal fortsette etter at INTPART-perioden er over. Levedyktighet over tid sikres ved å løfte samarbeidet til institusjonsnivå og involvere ledelse og administrasjon, slik at vi unngår for sterk avhengighet av noen få nøkkelpersoner.

COAST is a collaboration between the University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Stanford University, and the University of Washington (UW) on research and education on acoustical and optical sensor technology. USN has a national role in supporting industry with research and competence within these important topics for Norwegian high-tech industry, through our position as partner in SFI Centre for Innovative Ultrasound Solutions and industry cluster Electronic Coast. The centre is founded on existing personal relations between USN and UW's Applied Physics Laboratory and Stanford University's Microphotonics Laboratory. Acoustical and optical sensors constitute the ears and eyes of a computer, providing information from the physical world. The rapid increase in computing power, IoT and AI increases the ability to handle and extract information from more advanced and sensor systems, opening opportunities while increasing the need for more advanced technology. New sensor and actuator technology open new opportunities in medical diagnosis and therapy. Sensors for healthcare and environmental monitoring are key applications of our project. Emphasis is on ultrasound mediated drug-delivery, with promising results in cancer therapy, and implanted micro-sensors for continuous monitoring, e.g. of diabetes. New sensor technology is essential for monitoring air and sea pollution and ecosystems, is used in oil well integrity monitoring to prevent leakage and ecological disasters. Our project addresses both industrial and societal challenges by pushing the research front through aligned projects and research based education through collaboration with top ranked universities. Individuals exchanged between partners will advance their careers and perspectives through stays at partner organisations. MSc and PhD students will be available as highly skilled workforce for the specialised and R&D heavy industry targeted in this cooperation or as future researchers in academia.

Centre for Optical and Acoustical Sensor Technology

Målet med prosjektet er å utvikle to typer små ultralyd-transducere for medisinske anvendelser. Begge er teknologisk basert på mikromaskinering av silisium. Transducerne skal brukes mot to forskjellige medisinske anvendelser. Synergien mellom de to konsep tene er så stor at det er fornuftig å koordinere dem i ett prosjekt. 

Det første delprosjektet går ut på å utvikle en liten ultralydtransducer for kontinuerlig overvåkning av hjerteopererte. Et hovedpoeng her er å lage transduceren som en engangsartikkel , altså billig nok til å kunne kastes etter bruk. Til denne anvendelsen sikter vi mot å benytte CMUT-teknologi. 
Transduceren skal benyttes mot et hjerteovervåkingssystem vi utvikler sammen med Rikshospitaletes Intervensjonssenter. Vi har gode resultater fra dette systemet, og ønsker å utvikle en mer egnet transducer for anvendelsen. Transduceren skal festes til hjerteoverflaten under en operasjon, og kontinuerlig overvåke tykkelsesendringer gjennom hjertemuskelen under og etter operasjonen. En god transd ucer for denne anvendelsen vil typisk ha frekvens rundt 10 MHz og aperturediameter 2 til 3 mm.

Det andre delprosjektet går ut på å lage en høyfrekvent og bredbåndet utralydtransducer for bruk i et intravaskulært ultralyd avbildingssystem. Dette skal gjør es i samarbeid med Institutt for sirkulasjon og bildediagnostikk ved NTNU, ved prof. Bjørn Angelsen. Transduceren baseres på PZT på silisium, og konstrueres som et annulært array for mekanisk scanning. Den høye frekvensen, 100 MHz, krever en transducer me d svært små strukturer, og er derfor egnet for mikromaskinering.

Disse transducerkonseptene gode løsninger for konkrete medisinske anvendelser, og de har et kommersielt potensiale. Prosjektet går rett inn i Høgskolens satsing på mikroteknologi. Det vil g i oss en kunnskapsoppbygging innen transducer- og ultralydteknologi som vil kunne gi verdifull støtte til industrien i regionen.

0 projects

MAROFF-2-Maritim virksomhet og offsh-2

Lokal ultralyd deteksjon i grumsete vann

Awarded: NOK 0.12 mill.

Project Period: 2022-2023

Location: Vestfold

INTPART-International Partnerships for Excellent Education and Research

Centre for Optical and Acoustical Sensor Technology

Awarded: NOK 3.4 mill.

Project Period: 2020-2025

Location: Buskerud

SHP-Strategiske høgskoleprogram

Miniatyr ultralydtransducere for medisinske anvendelser

Awarded: NOK 6.0 mill.

Project Period: 2006-2012

Location: Vestfold