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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Is nuclear power relevant for Norway?

Midlene fra NAERINGSPH-Nærings-phd fordelt på år

Midlene fra NAERINGSPH-Nærings-phd fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra NAERINGSPH-Nærings-phd fordelt på fagområde

Director/Head of AI

Norge har under Parisavtalen påtatt seg en forpliktelse til å redusere klimautslippene sine med minst 55 prosent innen 2030 sammenlignet med nivået i 1990. Hittil har vi kun oppnådd 5 prosent av dette målet; vi har følgelig kun syv år på å redusere de resterende 50 prosent for å imøtekomme målene. For 2050 har vi satt oss enda større mål: å redusere klimautslippene med hele 90 prosent. Bakgrunnen for målene er at vi prøver å unngå de verste scenarioene FNs klimautvalg skisserer opp i sine rapporter. I tillegg har energiforbruket økt, og prognosene fra Statnett for ulike scenarier viser at energiforbruket skal fortsette å øke. Vi trenger følgelig mer energi. Dette har bidrat til at diskusjoner rundt kjernekraft i Norge er høyaktuelle og pågående. Norsk Kjernekraft AS har blitt opprettet med formål om å bygge Norges første kjernekraftverk. I tillegg ble det i fjor også bevilget 200 millioner kroner fra Regjeringen til et nytt senter som skal drive med nukleær forskning. Målet er å styrke den norske kunnskapsberedskapen på det nukleære området. Dette betyr at vi beveger oss i en retning hvor kjernekraft en dag kan bli aktuelt i Norge, og noen mener at dette er den eneste veien å gå hvis vi skal nå målene våre for 2050. Men i dag sitter vi med flere spørsmål enn svar, blant annet: Hvilken teknologi og leverandør burde vi velge? Er regelverket for snevert og strengt? Hvordan kan dette gjøres og samtidig ivareta sikkerhet? Hvordan tjener et kjernekraftverk penger?

Dette prosjektet skal svare på samtlige av disse spørsmålene i en detaljert og omfattende analyse. Her bruker vi grunnlagsdata til å vurdere dagens forskning opp mot hvordan industrien i andre land opererer, og ut ifra dette forsøke estimere hva risikoen knyttet til å bygge kjernekraft som industri i Norge er. Prosjektet sikter på å gi et så helhetlig bilde som mulig slik at vi kan gjøre oss opp en mening basert på fakta; om kjernekraft passer inn i miksen av det som utgjør norsk energi.

Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen skisserer forskningen Vala Maria Valsdottir (omtales herunder som stipendiaten) skal utføre innenfor sin doktorgradsavhandling. Prosjektet skal være en del av Senter for nukleær forskning (SNF) som fikk midler vinteren 2023.
Ph.d.-prosjektet er initiert av Inmeta Consulting AS, som igjennom denne ph.d.-stillingen vil bli en del av SNF. Inmeta planlegger en prosjektperiode på fire år, hvor stipendiaten arbeider 75 % med ph.d.-prosjektet og 25 % med vanlig virksomhet hos Inmeta. 
Prosjektet skal undersøke muligheten for kjernekraft som industri i Norge. Dette er både en samfunnsaktuell problemstilling samt en som medlemmene i SNF er interessert i å utforske. Stipendiaten kommer derfor til å samarbeide med alle aktørene som er involvert i senteret og benytte forskningsdata fra dem. Dette gjelder da spesielt Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE) som har mest grunnlagsdata som er relevant for dette prosjektet.
Kandidaten ferdigstilte en masteroppgave høsten 2020 i kjernefysikk på Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) og har derfor gode og relevante grunnkunnskaper for å ta på seg et slikt prosjekt. I tillegg har kandidaten tre års erfaring innenfor energibransjen, og er derfor oppdatert på industrien og forstår deres problemstillinger godt.

Er kjernekraft aktuelt for Norge?

CtrlAQUA har som mål å utvikle teknologiske og biologiske innovasjoner som vil gjøre lukkede oppdrettsanlegg til en pålitelig og økonomisk levedyktig teknologi. Vi har jobbet med post-smolt opptil 1 kg, da dette er en fase i fisken sitt liv der mye er i endring og fisken er sårbar. Vi ønsker å bidra til at fisken blir mer robust slik at de bedre tåler utfordringene de blir stilt ovenfor. Felles for lukkede anlegg er at de har en fysisk barriere mellom fisk og ytre miljø som forhindrer at lus møter fisk og at fisk rømmer. CtrlAQUA har fokusert på to typer lukkede anlegg. Den ene er landbaserte resirkuleringsanlegg, såkalt RAS, hvor mulighet for kontroll på oppdrettsmiljøet er høy. Den andre hovedtyper er flytende semilukkede anlegg i sjø, der vann pumpes inn i anlegget fra vanndybder under lusesjiktet. CtrlAQUA har jobbet i flere ulike prototyper av semilukkede anlegg, og det varierer hvor kommersielt tilgjengelige de er. Forskningsområdene har vært fokusert på velferd, forebyggende fiskehelse og teknologiutvikling på fisken sine premisser.
For å sikre helse og velferd i hele livssyklusen, er det viktig å sikre at fisken er robust. CtrlAQUA har jobbet med å gjøre fisken robust ved å definere faktorer som påvirker robustheten og anbefale optimaliseringer. Vi jobber med genmarkører for stressmestring og fiskevelferd. Vi har dokumentert at immungener er på et lavnivå når fisken befinner seg mellom smolt og postsmolt, men at dette genutrykket, sammen med beskyttende slimlag styrkes etter måneder i sjø. Vi har også bidratt med å jobbe fram en helsetest, som består av 44 gener som er viktige for immunsystemet. Optimale smoltifiseringsprotokoller er viktig for å få robust smolt. Ved å gjennomføre kontrollerte forsøk der fisken følges hele veien til slakt får vi muligheten til å se det endelige resultatet av effekten av ulike industrirelevante protokoller der innsatsfaktorene for to livsløpsstudier har vært ulik varighet på og tid for innsett av fotoperioder, salinitet og fiskestørrelse for utsett. Fra tidligere vet vi at laks har en helsefordel av å trene og vi har vist at svømmehastighet hos post-smolt på 1-1,5 BL/sek gir optimal vekst og minimale velferdsutfordringer som dårlig skinnhelse som kan observeres ved høye vannhastigheter. Partnere i CtrlAQUA har etterlyst forskning på effektivitet av desinfisering av biofilter og effekt på fisk. En publisert brukerundersøkelse viste at pereddiksyre er et vanlig desinfeksjonsmiddel i Norge og Nord-Amerika. Forsøk med fisk viste at periodevis bruk av pereddiksyre resulterer i stress hos fisken, men at fisken viser tegn til adaptasjon. Dermed kan periodevis bruk av pereddiksyre anbefales. Videre viste vi at oppstartstid av biofilter etter desinfisering avhenger av midler og metoder. De mest effektive metodene er klor og pH oppjustering. Videre forskning viser at biofilter i brakkvann er mer motstandsdyktige mot økning i salinitet enn biofilter i ferskvann. CtrlAQUA har tidligere omtalt at bruk av ozon har fordeler i ferskvann, da det gir klarere og bedre vannkvalitet, mens det kan gi utfordringer for fisken i sjøvann på grunn av giftige bromider. CtrlAQUA forsøk har vist at anbefalt ozon nivå i brakkvann RAS på 330 - 350 mV kan gi bedre gjellehelse over tid. Behandling av store mengder inntaksvann kan gjøres med UV. Vi har undersøkt hvor mye UV som skal til for å eliminere 99,9% av flere mikroorganismer som er en reell trussel både i RAS og i SCCS. Mye av forskningen i semilukkede anlegg har foregått i tidsserier, i mangel av gjentak og gode kontroller. Etter flere generasjoner med registreringer i to av prototypene ser vi at ytelsen er veldig god i SCCS og også etter at fisken er overført til åpen not. I tillegg ga den økte veksten mer biomasse over samme tid i SCCS sammenlignet med åpen not. Med stadig større og komplekse systemer er god hydrodynamikk avgjørende for selvrensing og optimal fordeling av vann og fisk. I CtrlAQUA har vi jobbet med empirisk beskrivelse og modellering for optimal design både i RAS og SCCS. Vi har også modellert med bevegelser av ulike partikler og hvordan disse påvirker karhydraulikken. I midtveisevalueringen innførte vi tre nye fokusområder som vi har implementert i arbeidsplanene siden 2020. Disse var dannelse og analyse av hydrogensulfid (H2S), faktorer som fører til tidlig kjønnsmodning, og mer kunnskap til hva som forårsaker nefrokalsinose (nyrestein) og hvordan vi kan detektere og forhindre denne tilstanden. For sistnevnte har vi sammenlignet hvor tidlig man kan se nefrokalsinose ved hjelp av histologi og røntgen, opp mot visuell vurdering, og vi optimaliserer bruk av røntgen ved å validere mot histologi. Optimal vannkvalitet i RAS og SCCS har vært sentralt i CtrlAQUA og vi har laget en oversikt over grenseverdier for RAS med egne og andres resultater. Vi har også jobbet også med gode målemetoder for vannkvalitet med utvikling av sensorer og hvordan disse kan beskyttes mot begroing ved bruk av membraner.

The Norwegian Government and Atlantic salmon industry have a vision to increase the aquaculture production volume five-fold within 2050. However, there are increasing concerns related to the challenges in salmon aquaculture, with sea lice, infectious diseases, escapees, and the loss of 16% of all fish transferred to open sea-cages. To reach the envisioned goal of growth, a strong research-driven innovation effort is required to ensure minimal environmental impact and fish mortality, challenges that are limiting large-scale increases in production. The CtrlAQUA Centre will contribute solutions by innovating tomorrow's technology and knowledge necessary for using closed-containment systems (CCS), during strategic parts of the salmon production cycle. Our main innovation will be reliable, controllable and efficient production of post-smolts in CCS on land and at sea, thereby providing a realistic option for the aquaculture industry. The Centre will provide the industry with several technological or biological supportive innovations and educate 15 PhDs. CtrlAQUA will be a light-house for the industry and research community by providing solutions for production of healthy seafood with a low carbon footprint. The Centre will ensure improved fish welfare and sustainability through strongly reducing environmental impact by enabling reuse of waste nutrients, and minimize the risk for escapes or exchange of pathogens with wild salmonids. The willingness to invest in CCS will be assured by innovation of profitable systems by increasing feed efficiency, and substantial improvements in fish survival and welfare. Finally, CtrlAQUA will strongly contribute to economic and social sustainability for the Norwegian society, since CCS technology will contribute to making the vision of an eight-fold increase in value creation from aquaculture possible. Thus, CtrlAQUA will lead to a research-driven paradigm shift in the Norwegian aquaculture industry.

0 projects

SFI-Sentre for forskningsdrevet innovasjon

Centre for Closed-containment Aquaculture (CtrlAQUA)

Awarded: NOK 96.0 mill.

Project Period: 2015-2023

Location: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa