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Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

Multilingual Acquisition and Processing: Heritage Russian in Spain

Recent research highlights a need of deeper understanding of the nature of language competence and the development of this competence under heritage language bi- and multilingualism. Heritage speakers (HSs) is a population highly diverse in terms of their linguistic competence and its development. Multilingual Acquisition and Processing (MAP): Heritage Russian in Spain will provide an examination of Russian Heritage Language (HL) grammar in a previously unstudied socio-linguistic context focusing in particular on the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early and most unstable stages of multilingual language development. The overall research objective is to discover the patterns of language acquisition and language processing in order to find out how multilingual minds deploy their developing grammatical knowledge and how they detect and access the linguistic (morpho-syntactic) mechanisms from their two co-existing languages in real-time. The proposed empirical study will investigate the effects of linguistic proximity, individual experiential factors and the developmental patterns of cross-linguistic influence in child bilingualism. Heritage Russian in Spain will be studied with a focus on 3-7-year-old children in order to examine developmental trajectories in both languages. On the theoretical level, MAP will significantly contribute to the development of a model of heritage language grammar and add to a sub-field of multilingualism studies, Heritage Language Acquisition, by showing the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early stages of multilingual Russian-Spanish development. On a societal and education level, project findings will be relevant for policy makers, teachers, school principals and HSs communities in European countries. To date, most heritage language studies have focused exclusively on the minority language, MAP will fill an important gap by focusing on both languages.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Termisk energilagring og digitalisering i fjernvarme for å muliggjøre overgang til fornybare og ressurseffektive energisystemer

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på år

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra ENERGIX-Stort program energi fordelt på fagområde

Professor

The aim of this project is to assess, control, and manage thermal storage potentials and flexibility at both building and district level to enable the complete renewable, smart, resource, and cost-efficient energy systems. Current district heating (DH) systems and existing buildings are huge free assets to store thermal energy and thereby enable bigger flexibility of the entire energy system. The flexibility can be used to make the heating system more resource efficient, and thereby economical and environmentally friendly. To scale up the proposed solutions, the project approaches will be tested on three case studies and several synthetic studies built on the real-time long-term measurements. The project concept is based on a unique smart control idea to optimize at the same time the demand side based on the variable energy prices and the supply side based on the resulting demand prediction and thereby to use renewables in resource efficient way for heating and cooling purpose. To fully utilize all possibilities for flexibility in energy systems, with the increasing deployment of electric vehicle (EV) and photovoltaic (PV) deployment in the residential sector, this project will also evaluate how EVs and PVs can be optimally coupled with DH (e.g., via heat pumps), as well as their potentials in balancing the demand and supply in both heating and electricity sector.
TRAINING will provide solutions to achieve a resource-efficient and sustainable distribution, storage, and utilization of heating and cooling. It also considers the coupling of the heating sector with other sectors and thereby increasing flexibility, resource-efficiency, and climate-neutrality. Further, TRAINING will also strongly focus on utilization of digital and smart technologies in buildings and DH systems.
TRAINING is a joint effort among partners from academy, research, and industry. Partners from Sweden, Germany, and Norway are involved in the project.

The aim of this project is to assess, control, and manage thermal storage potentials and flexibility at both building and district level to enable the complete renewable, smart, resource, and cost-efficient energy systems. Current district heating (DH) systems and existing buildings are huge free assets to store thermal energy and thereby enable bigger flexibility of the entire energy system. The flexibility can be used to make the heating system more resource efficient, and thereby economical and environmentally friendly. To scale up the proposed solutions, the project approaches will be tested on three case studies and several synthetic studies built on the real-time long-term measurements. The project concept is based on a unique smart control idea to optimize at the same time the demand side based on the variable energy prices and the supply side based on the resulting demand prediction and thereby to use renewables in resource efficient way for heating and cooling purpose. To fully utilize all possibilities for flexibility in energy systems, with the increasing deployment of electric vehicle (EV) and photovoltaic (PV) deployment in the residential sector, this project will also evaluate how EVs and PVs can be optimally coupled with DH (e.g., via heat pumps (HPs)), as well as their potentials in balancing the demand and supply in both heating and electricity sector.

Thermal energy storing and digitalization in district heating to enable transition to renewable and resource efficient energy systems

Robuste nett senteret driver langsiktig forskning og innovasjon innen robusthet og pålitelighet i kommunikasjonsnettverk og applikasjoner. Senteret arbeider tett med Samferdselsdepartementet og Post- og teletilsynet, og leverer hvert år en rapport om tilstanden til den norske ekominfrastrukturen til Post- og teletilsynet. Senteret har i tillegg andre oppgaver gitt av mandat fra Samferdselsdepartementet.

Senteret videreførte i 2015 sitt arbeid med måling og analyse av norske telekom infrastrukturer. Årets rapport bygger på aktive og passive målinger av mobilt bredbånd fra 5 ulike mobiloperatører i Norge: Telenor, Netcom, Tele2, Network Norway og Ice. Målingene er foretatt kontinuerlig gjennom hele 2014, fra målenoder spredt over det meste av landet, med en hovedvekt på tettsteder og større byer. Datasettet består av målinger fra 859 forbindelser fordelt på 281 målenoder i 83 kommuner. En hovedobservasjon er at den brukeropplevde stabiliteten i norske mobilnett har blitt bedre fra 2013 til 2014. Målingene viser færre brudd i tilkoblingene, lavere pakketap og høyere og mer stabil ytelse.

I mars 2015 startet senteret opp EU prosjektet MONROE. Simula er koordinator, og prosjektet samler tunge aktører i Europeisk telekom industri og forsking med mål om å etablere tilsvarende måleteknologier i Europa som vi nå har etablert i Norge. Et sentralt element er å invitere tredjepart inn som eksperiment-partnere på denne måleteknologien.

I 2015 har senteret derfor intensivert fokus på teknologiutviklingen, og skilt teknologiutviklingen fra forskningsvirksomheten ved å sette denne utviklingen ut til et teknologifokusert datterselskap av Simula.

The Internet has been adapted as a transport medium for a wide range of communication services, and the consequences of malfunctions in the infrastructure are severe. Networks are tightly integrated as critical components in many systems of vital importan ce for the society, such as financial systems, healthcare applications, monitoring and control systems, and emergency communications. At the same time, the move from elastic to real-time applications has decreased tolerance for even short-lived network fa ilures. The proliferation of interactive applications like videoconferencing, financial trading systems and online gaming puts higher and higher requirements on the stability and survivability of the underlying network infrastructure. To support this incr easingly diverse set of services, a well-functioning networking infrastructure must be resilient against large number of challenges, ranging from physical threats like fibre cuts and power failures, through logical failures in network configurations or ce ntral support systems, to challenges posed by attacks and rapid changes in user behaviour and traffic patterns. These requirements are complicated by the rapid growth in both traffic volumes and user base, and the increasingly complex interaction of diffe rent routing protocols and management systems.

The purpose of the Resilient Networks 2 (RN2) project is to develop and demonstrate protocols and methods for routing and self-configuration that increases the resilience a network has against a number of ch allenges ranging from failing components and unexpected traffic patterns. A particular focus in RN2 will be on methods that allow applications and end users to better exploit the existing diversity in the underlying network infrastructure. This includes s tudying, developing, deploying and testing methods for dynamic multilink access from mobile terminals, simultaneous use of multiple network connections from the home or office, and better exploitation of multi-homing in the core of the network.

0 projects

ROBUST-Robuste nett. Kjernekompetanse

Robuste nett senteret

Awarded: NOK 39.0 mill.

Project Period: 2011-2016

Location: Oslo