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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Research Infrastructure Services for Renewable Energy

The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy with zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve more efficient, competitive and cost-effective energy systems and devices, RISEnergy fosters a European ecosystem of industry, research organizations and funding agencies aimed at developing novel energy technologies and concepts. RISEnergy brings together a consortium of 69 beneficiaries from 23 countries: ERIC institutions, technology institutes, universities and industrial partners, to jointly improve the economic performance of technologies. Members of the European Energy Research Alliance are establishing the core European ecosystem. The main objectives of RISEnergy are: 1.) enable research and innovation to increase energy efficiency and reduce the cost of energy technologies to foster wider use of renewables into energy systems through proactive innovation management having single entry point with tailor-made access roads for academics, industry, and SMEs, and advising RI providers, all acces Users, and policy makers on LCA, ICT development and networking issues; 2.) provide efficient transnational access (TNA) to facilities to support renewable energy technologies and systems: Provide more than 2,500 days of access to major European and international world-leading analytical facilities; 3.) reach out to all stakeholders performing research along the value chain, from materials and technology development to applications in the eight most relevant fields of PV, CSP/STE , hydrogen, biofuels, offshore wind, ocean energy, integrated grids, and energy storage, research infrastructure providers and policy makers; 4.) provide comprehensive services of unprecedented quality: new cross-RI services, a single entry point, tailor-made access roads for academia industry, and SMEs with a particular focus on scientists from research fields in which the use of research infrastructures is not yet established.


Cooperation and AgReements enhancing Global interOperability for Aerosol, Cloud and Trace gas research infrastructures

The goal of CARGO-ACT is to deliver a clear roadmap for sustainable global cooperation between key
ground-based aerosol, cloud and trace gas research infrastructures, each having invested in infrastructure and services to support their observing networks with a long-term perspective, with a view to consolidating into a sustainable global research infrastructure in the future. There is a strong desire for global integration from the research community, including weather, climate, and air quality monitoring and modelling, 
and in particular from space agencies, since global networks of ground-based observations are an essential component complementing Earth Observation from space, providing calibration and validation of the remote sensing information collected by current and future satellite missions. The integration of the current ground-based networks, which may have different interests and priorities, requires cooperation and agreements at the global level, including engagement with relevant stakeholders. Their service provision is not limited to data services, but includes access to the measurement facilities, reference instruments, reference standards and laboratories, all of which are topics to be assessed in CARGO-ACT.  

The specific objectives of CARGO-ACT are to, develop sustainable partnerships and decision making processes with relevant partners, demonstrate the benefits of converging interoperability and standards to stakeholders and the global research community, establish the mechanisms for providing  international access to distributed research infrastructures and develop a roadmap for upscaling towards an integrated global research infrastructure for aerosol, cloud and trace gases.


Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

As carbon taxes are set to extend in depth and scope it will be critical to follow them from policymaking to implementation. Just Carbon Transitions (JUSTCARBON) spotlights the role of legal expertise in translating carbon taxation ideals into action. Tax systems and national legal jurisdictions present significant challenges for policy makers intent on tackling both environmental concerns and redistributive goals through taxation. There is an urgent need to investigate the role of legal tax professional structure, authority, and expertise to draw out how competition and cooperation among experts shapes the effectiveness of taxes in bringing about just transitions. These experts are crucial to study because the justness of (carbon) tax policies extend beyond ‘the letter of the law’, to the enforcement and control systems that make them effective - systems designed and populated by tax professionals. 

The study draws on an interdisciplinary research agenda shared between scholars of public administration and the sociology of professions and expertise. Through a comparative study of tax professionals and policy processes in three European countries – Denmark, Norway, and France – the study will give new insights into the implementation and operation of these systems, and how they are part of changing national legal orders on tax. Overall, the project will tell us where tax professionals are positioned in national policy advisory systems, what ‘legal expertise’ means in practice to these experts and which norms guide their work. The project is designed to expand this interdisciplinary agenda by bridging sociological and political science communities. During the project I will train with leading scholars in international comparative research on expertise and public administration, from sociological and political science perspectives. My goals are to develop a more complete research profile and my potential to be a future research leader in these fields.

Just Carbon Transitions

Fornybart norsk pigment fra mikroalger for robust laks

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på år

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fagområde

Professor

This project focuses on documenting the effect of a new natural and renewable source of the chemical compound astaxanthin which is a necessary ingredient in salmon feed to achieve pigmentation of the salmon meat. The new microalgae-based source differs from the current sources on the market in several ways. Therefore, it is important to document that this new source achieves at least as good pigmentation results as the alternatives on the market today. The new product is expected to have a lower climate footprint than the current alternatives, as it is produced with electric lighting from hydropower, and the algae consume CO2 as they grow. 

The tasks include feed trials on salmon with different pigment sources to understand the effect of the new pigment source on the uptake and deposition of the pigment in muscle and on the growth and health status of the fish, with special emphasis on the knowledge gaps identified by the project. Lately, it has been recognized that salmon exposed to stress (e.g. through frequent handling) also needs more astaxanthin in the feed to achieve sufficient pigmentation. This is one area of focus for this study, along with general growth and fish health.

Prosjektet handler om å dokumentere virkning og effekt av en ny naturlig og fornybar mikroalgebasert kilde til den kjemiske forbindelsen astaxanthin som er en nødvnedig ingrediens i laksefôr for pigmentering av laks. Den nye mikroalgebaserte kilden skiller seg fra dagens kommersielle alternativer på flere ulike måter og det er derfor viktig å dokumentere at man kan oppnå minst like gode biologiske resultater rørende pigmentering som med dagens alternativer. Det nye produktet forventes å ha et lavere klimaavtrykk enn dagens produkter og produseres med elektrisk lys fra vannkraft gjennom at mikroalgene tar opp CO2 når de vokser.

Konsortiet har identifiert kunnskapshull rørende effekten av forskjellene mellom algebaserte kilder og dagens pigmenter, som skal undersøkes i prosjektet og kan gi grunnlag for merverdi for det algebaserte produktet.

Prosjektet omhandler fôringsforsøk på laks med ulike fôr for å undersøke og forstå effekten av den nye pigmenteringskilden på opptak og avleiring av pigment, tilvekst og helse hos fisken med spesiell fokus på kunnskapshullene. Det vil gjennomføres "makroskopiske" målinger av pigmentering, tilvekst og histologi, samt "mikroskopiske" undersøkelser av konsentrasjoner av pigment og dets metabolitter, immunstatus og undersøkelser for å forstå mekanismer knyttet til omsetning av astaxanthin i laks og dermed dokumentere en merverdi.

Norwegian-grown renewable pigment from microalgae for robust salmon

Mat fra havet vil bli enda viktigere i årene som kommer ettersom verdens befolkning anslås å nå over 10 milliarder mennesker innen 2050. Vi opplever allerede klimaendringer i Norge og globalt. Et av målene for havtiåret er å nettopp å løse sammenhengen mellom endringer i klima og trygg og sunn sjømat. Hovedmålet med CLIMESEAFOOD er å utvikle nye økosystemmodeller som kan hjelpe oss å forstå hvordan endringer i klima i nordområdene, påvirker transporten av fremmedstoffer i marine organismer og sjømat i Barentshavet. Med de nye modellene vil det bli mulig å forutse hvordan kritiske fremmedstoffer slik som PCB og kvikksølv vil bli påvirket av ulike klimascenarier. Prosjektet vil også bidra til en generisk forståelse av hvordan fremmedstoffer blir transportert fra lavtrofiskeorganismer til organismer høyt i næringskjeden. Vi vil også få en meget detaljert beskrivelse av lipidene i de ulike arktiske organismene. Det skal etableres en ny marin database administrert av norsk marint datasenter for å gjøre tilgjengelig både historiske og nye data på fettsyrer, stabile isotoper og organiske miljøgifter fra ulike arktiske marine organismer. I tillegg til effektene fra klimaendringer på transport av fremmedstoffer i marine økosystemer, vil prosjektet også undersøk hvordan marine organismer responderer på endrede miljøforhold ved å bruke avansert «omics» verktøy. Basert på funnene i prosjektet fra modellen, vil det bli utført en risikovurdering av fremtidig sjømat for å finne ut om det er forskjeller i helseeffekt. Samlet sett vil prosjektet kunne gi en unik kunnskapsplattform for fremtidige økosystem- og sjømatrisikovurderinger.

The arctic amplification of anthropogenic global warming is changing the biogeochemical and physical settings of the ocean. Such changes would affect contaminant fate and transport dynamics in ways that are not yet well understood. The Barents Sea is part of the Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone which makes Norway the world's second-largest exporter of seafood. Over the last decade, one of the largest and most unique biological databases on contaminants in Northeast Atlantic seafood species of economic and ecological significance, has been built, filling knowledge gaps related to geographical and seasonal variation of various contaminants in fish species, but not yet in the context of a rapidly changing climate. The role of the ocean in a food and nutrition security context is becoming increasingly important and seafood from arctic ecosystems will likely be an important fishery for future harvests. Envisioning a  future with increased seafood harvests could require sustainable use via traditional fisheries, but increased fishing pressure at lower trophic levels may accommodate a growing human population. Despite this, the understanding of how climate change and future increased fishing pressure is impacting the transport and fate of critical contaminants in dynamic food webs and seafood, is unknown. CLIMESEAFOOD will solve this by developing new marine mechanistic ecosystem models that can advance the process understanding of how a rapidly changing climate is impacting contaminant fate and transport dynamics in the Barents Sea marine ecosystems and relevant seafood taxa in support of sustainable development. It will advance our understanding of impacts, sources, fate, and transport dynamics of contaminants under different future climate and fisheries management modeling scenarios. Outcomes will be a significant advancement in our understanding of contaminant trophic transfer dynamics in the context of seafood safety and changing climate conditions.

Climate change and impact on critical contaminants and lipids in Arctic Seafood.

Fôret til oppdrettslaks har endret seg mye de siste femten årene, fra et fôr sammensatt hovedsakelig av marine råvarer, til et fôr som i dag består av 70% plante-fôringredienser. For å øke den globale matproduksjonen blir sprøytemidler brukt og norske fôrprodusenter kjøper sine plante-fôringredienser i et globalt marked. For å vurdere bioakkumulering av sprøytemidla, har vi brukt sebrafisk som modell og funnet at klorpyrifos og pirimifos akkumuleres i sebrafisk, og at ko-formulanten påvirker akkumuleringen. Fordi vi ønsker å samanlikne responsar i ulike modellar, har vi brukt 3D kulturar av lakseleverceller som har blitt eksponert enkeltvis eller i kombinasjonar med dei same sprøytemidla og adjuvanten som brukt i sebrafiskforsøket. Dette for å identifisere mulige interaksjonar i blandingar med fokus på mekansimer. I dag finst det ingen fôringsstudier med pirimiphos-methyl på laks eller andre fiskearter som er nødvendig for å fastsette en øvregrenseverdi i fôrråvarer der fiskens helse blir ivaretatt og matvaretrygghet garantert. I denne arbeidspakken har det blitt gjennomført eit sub-kronisk toksikologisk dose-respons forsøk med Atlantisk laks. Dette er kunnskap som videre er viktig for å forstå helserisiko for fisk og mennesker. Resultat viser ein dose respons effekt på vekst, blod hematologi, plasma enzymer og fett sammensetning. Våre data viser at feittmetabolismen til laks er en sentral "pathway" som blir påvirket av sprøytemidler. Omics data fra dei ulike modellane blir no ferdigstilt med bioinformatikk verktøy som vi treng for å gjennomføre multi-omics analyser.

The composition of Atlantic salmon feed have gone through tremendous changes from being almost completely marine-based fifteen years ago, to the current fish feed containing 70% plant ingredients. Pesticides are used worldwide to increase food production and aquaculture feed producers buy their plant ingredients in a global market. Thus, plant ingredients contain contaminants not earlier associated with salmon farming. Norway, as one of the leading seafood nations, can through this project contribute with pivotal knowledge on the impact of contaminants in plant-based fish feed on fish health and human health. In the proposed project we will take advantage of the salmon genome and state of the art systems biology tools expertise, as well as knowledge from ongoing EU projects on new contaminants in novel salmon feed. The integration of multiscale data from the salmon lipidome, transcriptome and proteome will broaden our understanding on contaminant interactions. Atlantic salmon health will be addressed by investigating altered lipid deposition, lipid accumulation and muscle quality as well as evaluating new affected pathways using lipid-and proteomics. Effects on the salmon immune system will be addressed by investigating lipid mediators of inflammation from the eicosanoid, endocannabinoid and sphingolipid pathways. The possible impact on human health will be addressed by assessing bioavailability and accumulation kinetics to be used in a feed-to-fillet transfer model for Atlantic salmon. We will establish sensitive methodologies for contaminant and metabolite accumulation using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.  The overall outcomes of this project will contribute with important knowledge for risk assessment of plant-derived contaminants for fish health and human health as well as harmonization of legislation of contaminants throughout the seafood production chain.

0 projects

FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Climate change and impact on critical contaminants and lipids in Arctic Seafood.

Awarded: NOK 12.5 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2027

Location: Vestland

HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning

Evaluation of contaminant interactions using integrative high-throughput technology for aquafeed safety

Awarded: NOK 8.0 mill.

Project Period: 2016-2020

Location: Vestland