This long-term priority under the LTP objective ‘Tackling major societal challenges’ entails essential efforts related to research, innovation and technology for a low-emission society. The target area ‘Environmentally friendly energy and low-emission solutions’ aims to enhance efforts in the area of renewable energy production, energy consumption, energy policy, energy systems and market, and carbon capture and storage. The target area ‘Climate, the environmental and polar regions’ aims to generate knowledge about changes in the climate system, with an emphasis on polar regions, the effect of changes on nature and society, and adaptation measures for a low-emissions society. This also encompasses research on ecosystems and biodiversity, pollution and life cycles, and resource and environmental management. The target area ‘Bioeconomy and resource management’ concerns land-based bioresources, including food production, forestry and utilisation of bioresources. The target area ‘Sustainable cities and transport systems’ aims to enhance research related to city and transport planning, transportation technology, land-use planning and the city districts’ cultural, social and economic importance.