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Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Internal Fortress: Regulating European Freedom of Movement within the Nation-State, 1950-1980

Against the prevailing view that freedom of movement lowered internal barriers to movement while raising walls against outsiders to create a ‘fortress Europe,’ this project investigates how the introduction of freedom of movement may have strengthened national political authority over European migration within the member states of the European Economic Community (EEC). InternalFortress suggests that as governments gradually lifted entry restrictions across the EEC, they also built out new internal administrative machinery to insert ‘Community migrants’ into key areas of social and economic life, placing migrants from outside the bloc at a disadvantage within local communities. The project explores this hypothesis in three key areas: social security, skill development, and union participation. The PI will lead a team of two PhD researchers and one postdoc to deploy a methodologically innovative multi-layered research program that analyses the interplay between national, European, and international institutions, as well as the private NGO networks that flowed between those formal frameworks. In contrast to previous histories of freedom of movement, which explain policy outcomes leading up to today’s regime of European citizenship, InternalFortress makes an important interpretive innovation by focusing squarely on the early process of transition from the 1950s to the 1970s. The project will investigate how the improvised nature of early integration created gaps and tensions that were consolidated in the 1970s as national and regional migration policies settled into more rigid patterns. InternalFortress suggests that policies behind the border matter as much as policies at the border for understanding the acrimonious debates around European migration that continue through the present.

International Platform on Obstetric Violence (IPOV): an innovative tool for a respectful maternity and 
childbirth care

Over-medicalisation and disrespect in maternity and childbirth care have been identified by international research as an urgent global public health topic (WHO 2014, Simonovic 2019, Council of Europe 2019). The IPOV-RESPECTFUL CARE project intends to bring attention to obstetric violence and respectful maternity and childbirth care by implementing a concrete tool—the International Platform on Obstetric Violence—to bridge academic research and public policy, training for health professionals, women’s perspectives and public engagement on the matter. The Platform will be an innovative, international, interdisciplinary, intersectoral and cross-cultural digital and interactive tool for producing, sharing and transferring knowledge, systematising and exchanging good practices, acquiring skills and planning gender -based innovative training packages on respectful maternity and childbirth care among health professionals, health training managers, decision makers, researchers, women and all of society. To achieve these goals, a network of 39 breakthrough experts, from 19 participating organisations and 9 countries (universities, research centres, civil organisations and health maternity care institutions) will be established.

Concept development for a research infrastructure to manage, integrate and sustain large medical cohort studies

The INTEGRATE-LMedC consortium will develop a new concept to guide and support decision-making for the next-generation research infrastructure (RI) to facilitate efficient utilization and harmonization of large medical cohorts (LMedC), and to accelerate scientific and medical breakthroughs in Europe and beyond. Achievement of the ambitious objectives will only be possible through the integration of 11 highly interdisciplinary partners including established ERIC / ESFRI infrastructures such BBMRI,  ECRIN, EIRENE and EBRAINS with unique expertise in conceptualizing and implementing European RIs. The partners will generate a gap analysis to identify what is missing of cohort data and samples, RI tools and services, quality measures, governance models, user needs and the barriers for efficient utilization of these cohorts and RI, including ethical and legal frameworks. To identify IT technologies and architecture for suitable data stewardship and long-term availability of European RIs, the partners will prepare for a feasibility study for federated data analysis of LMedC. The feasibility study will be based on two examples of use-cases: one stroke case using data from medical health registry data and one case using data from longitudinal population-based studies with different technical, legal, and ethical challenges. To ensure availability of data and samples related to existing and future LMedC studies and their re-use for secondary research, the partners will develop a concept outline including a governance plan and guiding principles for data access policies and data protection policy, whilst considering the FAIR principles and ELSI issues. An overarching RI concept to manage, integrate, and sustain LMedC studies will be developed, including an initial financial and operational plan for the implementation of the new RI outlining new services and access opportunities for the research community.

REGULAR AND UNPLANNED CARE ADAPTIVE DASHBOARD FOR CROSS–BORDER EMERGENCIES

During cross-border health emergencies, health and care services may be overwhelmed by high numbers of patients requiring unplanned care. Delays and backlogs in regular care, as a result of the stretched health care system, leave millions of patients with regular care needs unattended, resulting in disastrous healthcare outcomes. If poor healthcare outcomes across the population are to be avoided, healthcare systems must become more resilient and flexible and allow for rapid changes in the care delivery services. RAPIDE’s aim is to develop, validate and demonstrate a portfolio of powerful tools that enable healthcare systems to build in robustness of decisions, resilience of the health care professionals and patients and flexibility in the modalities of care delivery, thereby maintaining access to regular care during health emergencies. 

RAPIDE emphasises opportunities for optimising in-hospital care, but also for relocating care from hospitals to community and home environments without loss of care quality. Thus, the project focuses on two closely-linked challenges – 1: Identifying and predicting how much care, and which care, needs to be moved along the care chain; 2: Identifying and verifying effective, feasible and acceptable ways to make this reconfiguration of care a reality. This will be achieved by (a) resource modelling, which builds comprehensive foresight and forecasting solutions and links them to patient flows optimization, along the whole chain of care, (b) selecting and implementing the best available tools to deliver regular care in new ways. To ensure usability, acceptability and equitable real-world value, RAPIDE will be co-designed and co-validated with stakeholders, from patients, GPs, clinicians and hospital managers to health ministries, pandemic-management and public health agencies. A Table Top Exercise and extensive communication and dissemination will raise awareness of the project’s successes.

Transition to safe & sustainable food systems through new & innovative detection methods & digital solutions for plant-based products derived from new genomic techniques, under a co-creation approach

DARWIN aims to contribute to a fair, healthy, safe and environmentally friendly food system by co-developing an innovative detection strategy by integrating targeted analytical PCR-based methods, untargeted sequencing methods, and digital solutions. A new generation of innovative and reliable DNA-based analytical detection methods, ranging from enhanced PCR methods for NGT detection, identification and quantification in single and multi-target systems, to untargeted sequencing methods related to whole-genome sequencing, laser capture microdissection-based sequencing and high throughput metagenomics sequencing for NGT screening and characterization. DARWIN will bring a cutting-edge approach developing genetic fingerprints using artificial intelligence to overcome challenges related to event-specific targeted methods, unambiguously identifying specific NGT lines. DARWIN also brings innovation in the new application of digital solutions such as data spaces and documentation-based screening to increase the data evidence to NGTs; blockchains to enable transparent and traceable detection along the food chain; AI models; and a Decision Support System to improve accuracy and support the selection of the best fit for purpose detection methods. DARWIN will reach TRL4-5 though validation including in-house, transferability and full trials, and presenting 3 cases representative of real situations relevant for NGT products in the EU agri-food market. After methods validation and the definition of a clear oriented detection strategy, DARWIN will theoretically extrapolate its finding to more complex scenarios encountering the diversity of NGT lines and food products that might reach EU markets. All this, under an interdisciplinary co-creation ecosystem based on Responsible Research and innovation (RRI) principals, empowering a wide variety of stakeholders - including consumers - in Europe and internationally; and robustly contributing to the policy making.

Interoperable applications suite to enhance European identity and document Security and fraud detection

Combatting frauds on identity and travel documents is a key mission of law enforcement agencies and border guards. Industries have been working on new means to combat frauds on identity, and public authorities are using numerous technologies to accomplish their mission, but permanent innovation is required to fight highly skilled defrauders. A number of European innovation projects have tested new ways to combat fraud but few of them reached an operational level.
EINSTEIN objectives is to enhance significantly existing public authorities’ means through innovation, building on technologies proven in the labs but not mature for an operational usage yet. EINSTEIN will deliver six applications essential to fight identity frauds: 1) online ID issuance using a secure cloud-based server for real-time biometric quality checks and fraud detection, 2) mobile document and identity checks using commercially available smartphones, 3) document authentication module to detect fraudulent documents, 4) pre-registration for land-border crossings including biometrics and DTC, 5) EES kiosk with advanced fraud detection using video surveillance, 6) fast track for enrolled travelers using on-the-move face and iris. To ensure TRL7 at a minimum, practitioners will run six different pilot use cases in their own environment. A key objective is also to ensure interoperability and flexibility of all the components developed in the project so that they can be reused in different contexts, possibly by different providers. Design of open, well-defined, standardized interfaces will allow achieving this objective.
Privacy being an essential concern of all European citizens and governments, EINSTEIN will take into account privacy-by-design principles, developing flexible components to ease their customization in order to meet not only the European legislation on data protection but also national legislations on this matter, which vary significantly from one country to the other.


Waste in humanitarian Operations: Reduction and Minimisation

Waste in humanitarian Operations: Reduction and Minimisation (WORM)'s overall objective is designing guidelines and support actions for circular economy in the humanitarian sector. WORM focuses on two selected settings: field hospital deployments, and humanitarian livelihood programmes with a waste picking component. Across these settings, the project focuses on several cross-cutting focus areas: 
•	the integration of bio-based technological innovation solutions in the humanitarian context, 
•	using procurement as a gatekeeper for waste avoidance, and gateway to integrate innovative solutions, 
•	improvements in waste management, and the use of less polluting waste treatment methods, 
•	a specific focus on the sustainable livelihoods of waste pickers, and 
•	policy development, advocacy and a heightened local awareness of improved waste management in the relevant local contexts.
Following a multi-actor approach, WORM brings together medical humanitarian organisations and humanitarian organisations with livelihood programmes with innovation and supplier clusters, procurement service providers, logistics service providers, waste management service providers and academic partners. WORM seeks to involve a myriad of different stakeholders in data collection and policy development, including but not limited to, humanitarian actors positioned in the field during an operation, local waste management companies, start-ups focusing on bio-based solutions, policymakers (both local and global), and research institutions. WORM includes partners from low- and middle-income countries (esp. Kenya, Viet Nam) since humanitarian operations are often implemented in these contexts. WORM will focus on these contexts in their local awareness campaigns for improved waste management.

Supporting Policy Regulations and Interventions to Negate aggravated Global diarrheal disease due to future climate Shocks

BACKGROUND: Global warming and climate extremes such as heavy precipitation, flooding, and drought are increasing risks for waterborne diarrheal disease. While these effects already burden low- and middle-income countries, where diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of childhood deaths, Europe has shared and underappreciated vulnerabilities. There is an urgent need to prepare and protect our water and communities from these threats.
AIM: To inform key climate, environmental, and health adaptation policies, in order to support and prepare citizens, communities and governments by better measuring the impact of future climate shocks on the burden of water-borne diarrheal diseases.
APPROACH: We bring together scientists from climate, environment, health, and social sciences to collaborate with communities, industry, public authorities and policy makers across socioeconomic settings. We will model the future impact of global climate change, on local water quality and quantity, and diarrheal disease outcomes. In case studies in Ghana, Tanzania, Italy, and Romania, we will measure current interactions of climate, behaviour, and water quality on pathogen-specific diarrheal disease risks and the safety of water supply systems. We will engage individuals and communities to understand situated understandings and practices to improve risk communication and ownership. With policy makers, we will design appraisal structures to assess the economic impact and value of planetary health interventions to prevent climate-related diarrheal disease.
IMPACT: SPRINGS will improve integrated climate and health surveillance, create climate-resilient water supply systems, engage citizens and stakeholders, and use evidence-based value assessments to prioritise interventions to prevent climate-induced diarrheal disease.  Long term adaptive capacity and climate-resilience will increase in Europe and beyond, preventing unnecessary illness and deaths from waterborne diarrheal disease.

COordination MEchanism for Cohorts and Trials

The overall goal of COMECT is to coordinate activities across Europe’s strategic adaptive platform trials (APTs) and cohort studies (CS) on infectious diseases (IDs) with epidemic or pandemic potential, by overseeing and facilitating dialogue, sharing of good practices, promoting collaboration and coordination across studies and providing updated information on initiatives and innovation in ID clinical research.
COMECT will build on and strengthen existing networks and infrastructure. These include EU-funded coordination mechanisms and networks, namely the Trial Coordination Board (TCB), Joint Access Advisory Mechanism (JAAM), the Cohort Coordination Board (CCB), and the ECRAID Coordinating Comittee. COMECT will develop a visible, well-defined coordination mechanism to highlight Europe's capacity and competence as an attractive base for clinical research.

COMECT will deliver:
1) an expanded, combined  European coordination mechanism that will work on harmonizing research initiatives, exchange of good practices, and stakeholder engagement across ID clinical studies in outbreaks and during inter-epidemic phases.
2) a strengthened JAAM to support coordination through independent scientific assessment of compounds/vaccines and recommendations for APTs to evaluate the new compound in new or adapted platform trials.
3) the mapping of stakeholders and their respective activities relevant to APTs and CS
4) a harmonised approach cross-study identification, assessment, and reuse of participant-level data from European APTs and CS
5) coherent communications and stakeholder engagement across all activities
6) a sustainability plan for the continuation of activities beyond the funding period.

COMECT will quickly adapt coordination efforts to a changing research landscape and to new ID threats. COMECT will operate in close collaboration with other emergency preparedness mechanisms, such as HERA, EMA, GLOPiD-R and the European Pandemic Preparedness Partnership.

Midlene fra IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi fordelt på fagområde

Researcher I

Bø, Erlend Eide, eonr øk, kat 1

In this project we will investigate the possibility of a non-standard metric (i.e., non-Friedmann Robertson Walker) cosmology. In particular, we are currently working out a 2-form field model that would exhibit a special kind of cosmological anisotropy na turally. We will have to write down and solve the background evolution and perturbation equations for the current candidate. It is possible, depending on the outcome, that we will have to introduce some corrections to the current Lagrangian. We are also p lanning to investigate the observational consequences of this peculiar kind of anisotropy, which will affect supernovae observations and also the CMB temperature map. Another consequence of this metrics is an intrinsic alignment of clusters in the sky, wh ich would potentially show up in weak lensing surveys. We shall carry out an estimate of this effect and do a forecast analysis of future survey data coming from the LSST telescope, the Dark Energy Survey and the Euclid / JDEM satellite mission. We also p lan to discuss and study other possible models that would be described by this homogeneous Kantowski-Sachs / Bianchi III class of metrics.

Emergent Anisotropies and Forecast for future surveys

Mr E. Grosch (EG) is a South African PhD student at the Africa Earth Observatory Network (AEON) at the University of Cape Town. This application is based on rock core collected during the Barberton Scientific Drilling Programme (BSDP) a long-term collabor ation between AEON & Centre for Geobiology, the University of Bergen. EG's research employs a cross-disciplinary approach to investigating Earth's early evolution & environmental conditions for the emergence of life as recorded in rocks of the Barberton r egion, S Africa. This visiting scholarship will enable him to utilise analytical facilities not available in Cape Town, expand his international collaborations & generate data for several publications. 

Using samples from the BSDP drill core he plans to  investigate: 1) The nature of plate tectonics a driver of mountain building, CO2 & nutrient cycling ~3.4 billion-years-ago, from mineral & geochemical studies of an oceanic shear zone; 2) Determine the physico-chemical state of the Earth's earliest oceans  from fluid inclusions; 3) The age & provenance of zircons (ancient heavy minerals) from some of the Earth's earliest surface sediments; 4) The oxidation state of the Earth's early atmosphere; 5) The pressure & temperature limits on the habitable window f or Earth's earliest microbes in oceanic pillow lavas; 6) Age constraints on the formation of the earliest physical traces of microbial life on Earth. 

EG holds a Scarce Skills Scholarship from the National Research Foundation of S Africa & plans to visit  the Centre for Geobiology for 8 months in 2010-11 during the final year of his PhD. This will accelerate & cement our current joint research efforts & ensure the completionof his PhD. EG brings specialized petrological knowledge that is otherwise limited  in Bergen & is actively participating in the work of the Early Earth & Biosignatures Group & CGB more broadly. On his return to S Africa he will transfer his new expertise back to other scientists & students.

Understanding Earth's Early Evolution and Determining the Environmental Conditions for the Emergence of Life

Constitutional courts were ascribed and, to varying degrees, have actually played a pivotal role of implementing fundamental rights in contemporary democracies. This is all the more evidenced in several Latin American countries over the past two decades.  One influential way to defend this arrangement has claimed that courts are not only insulated from electoral competition in order to guarantee the egalitarian pre-conditions of majoritarian politics, but are deliberative forums of a distinctive kind: they  are better located for principled and public reason-giving. This belief has remained, from the normative point of view, largely under-elaborated and, at the empirical level, mostly untested. 
This research proposal sets off the empirical stage of an ongo ing long-term project in normative political theory. It builds upon an operational concept of deliberative performance previously developed and will scrutinize two particular courts: the Colombian Constitutional Court and the Brazilian Supreme Court.
The  goal of such a project is threefold: it further develops an ongoing theoretical discourse about the conditions for judicial activism in a democratic regime; it provides an analytical template for future comparative exercises; and it clarifies an inceptive  agenda for tailor-made institutional reform of courts, mapping the contextual specificities that must be taken into account. In overall, the long-term project tries to add to the dominion of judicial studies, which have been producing crucial findings ab out the economic and social impact of courts, a different vantage point. From there one can observe a less visible and quantifiable dimension of constitutional jurisprudence, but still an elemental condition to reach a vigorous culture of rights.

Deliberative performance of constitutional courts: the cases of Brazil and Colombia

Ten years after its discovery, the accelerated expansion of the Universe has obtained a great observational support from several independent cosmological measurements. On the other hand, its fundamental origin remains a complete mystery and a rich variety  of models have been proposed to explain it, ranging from a simple cosmological constant to modifications of gravity. The exotic energy component that produces this behaviour is generically known as Dark Energy.

My research consists in the phenomenologic al study of different dark energy models, obtaining predictions and testing them against several sets of cosmological data. A complementary perspective is as well pursued by analysing the relevant astronomical observations to find their usefulness. The lo ng term goal is to find a strategy to determine the physics behind the cosmic acceleration; specially the search for parameters that can distinguish modified gravity from other forms of dark energy.

The work at the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics w ould focus in scalar field models derived from disformal transformations. These have proven to encompass a large class of scalar field models and represent a very general approach. The specific aim  is to confront predictions of these theoretical models a gainst cosmological observations including Supernovae, Cosmic Microwave Radiation and Galaxies distributions.

The research stay at the ITA in the University of Oslo would significantly propel the aforementioned project by allowing direct collaboration wi th Dr. David Mota and profiting from his expertise in theoretical cosmology. Furthermore, access to the TITAN computer cluster would provide the computational resources necessary to pursuit this research line.

Probing the Nature of Dark Energy

The discovery that hippocampal cells have location-specific activation (place cells), which is extremely reliable and observable during almost any behaviour in a moving rat made the possibility to study neuronal processes and behaviour together. Recent ad vances suggest that place is represented not only in hippocampus but by interacting cell types in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuits. However, up to this date studies of hippocampal representation have largely been based on time-averaged approaches and t o exploit our knowledge of hippocampal remapping we need to develop methods for monitoring the activity in large neural populations at the time scale of milliseconds, not minutes.
Although there is plenty of data of hippocampal CA1 area, considerably less  is known about its role. To understand the contribution of CA1 to memory, we need to know how CA1 cells interact, on a second-by-second basis, with their inputs from the CA3 and the entorhinal cortex. In the CA1, gamma rhythms split into distinct fast an d slow frequency components. Fast CA1 gamma oscillations are synchronized with fast gamma in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), and slow CA1 gamma oscillations with slow gamma in CA3. CA3 cells are thought to store information about the past experiences of a nimals in the environment, whereas MEC cells may be more responsive to the current location. Our observations raise the possibility that flickering between slow and fast gamma reflects switches between representations of past and present information, expr essed respectively in CA3 and MEC in different cycles of the theta rhythm. 
The aim of the present project is to provide a mechanism for temporally distinct retrieval from the CA3 network, in a manner that enables CA1 to keep retrieved information separat e from incoming spatial information from the entorhinal cortex.

Mechanisms of memory retrieval in the hippocampus

The projects hopes to address two topics:

1. The impact of Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) on the ionosphere. This will be undertaken using narrowband VLF data which provides continuous  monitoring of the lower ionosphere. A number of VLF transmitte r-receiver paths traverse the equator, which is the principal location of TGFs, so it is quite likely that TGF signatures will be discernible in the VLF data. However, the signatures are likely to be weak, so we will expand an existing method for enhancin g the signal-to-noise ratio in this data.

2. Lighting as a driver of electron precipitation from the radiation belts. Data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and satellite lightning detection systems will be used to construct a model  of the energy input from global lightning into the magnetosphere as a function of magnetic latitude and magnetic local time. This model will then be used to estimate the effect that lightning has on depleting the flux of energetic particles in the radiati on belts. The resulting estimate of precipitation flux will be compared with in situ measurements from low earth orbiting satellites.

Active and Passive Applications of VLF Waves

The alpha proteobacterium Bartonella is an important pathogen of mammalian red blood cells transmitted by the bite of ectoparasitic arthropods.  Ms Paziewska has shown that isolates of this pathogen from rodents recombine freely, and the objective of this  fellowship is for her to visit the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo between October 2010 and May 2011 to analyse isolates of Bartonella from ectoparasitic arthropods to test whether they are similarly recombinant.  Ms Paziewska will visit NHM O slo to take advantage of the new 'ancient DNA' laboratory which will provide specialist facilities for extraction of degraded bacterial and host DNA from arthropods; her visit will also act as a catalyst to develop existing collaborations with the bacteri al metagenome research group within the Centre for Ecology and Evolutionary Synthesis at Blindern.  The visit will also cement the long-standing collaboration between Professor Harris (NHM) and the University of Warsaw, and allow continuation of their lon g-term collaborative studies of rodent parasite ecology.

Bartonella and the bacterial metagenome in rodents

The aim of this Ph.D. research is to provide an in-depth study on the relationship between identity construction and violence. I will try to determine whether there is any positive correlation between ethnic identity construction and ethno-nationalist vio lence. This issue will be examined by focusing on violent conflicts that erupted in Georgia?s two autonomous territories?Abkhazia and South Ossetia?in the early 1990s. The general question that this study will address is:
- What role (if any) did ethnic i dentity construction play in the outbreak of violence in Georgia?
In other words, I am interested in the process of identity construction and would like to address this question more explicitly and examine in greater detail how are antagonistic ethnic ide ntities constructed and when and under what conditions do they turn violent. 
The ultimate goal of my research is twofold. First, to shed more light on the events that unfolded in Georgia in the last years and immediately after the collapse of the Soviet  Union and to provide an accurate account of those events, so many of which are still cloaked with obscurity. Without understanding that violence in Georgia was not inevitable and that alternative courses were available at different moments it would be imp ossible to avoid making the very same mistakes again. 
However, equally important I believe is to examine the process during which antagonistic ethnic identities were engineered in Georgia. In this way, I want to once again highlight the fluidity and larg ely imaginary nature of a nation and to raise awareness about the dangers of naturalising national and ethnic identities. This is particularly important in multi-ethnic societies like Georgia in order to provide what Habermas (1998) calls 'difference-sens itive inclusion'; in other words, to ensure the peaceful coexistence of different ethnic, language, and religious communities.

Identity Construction and Ethno-National Violence: The Case of Georgia

The proposed research project focuses broadly on analyzing the narratives of European identity. A particular analytical emphasis is placed on the processes of othering that are involved in framing a European identitarian project. Inscribed in the establis hed tradition of constructivism and discourse analysis, the project aims to locate and unfold the alterity making processes within current European identity narratives. While existing literature on the topic is focused on the movement of a European proces s of othering towards EU borders, the proposed project follows two models of othering inside the European Union by arguing that, within EU identity making, a core-periphery nexus is involved in integration processes while the East-West slope retains speci fic features after the Eastern Enlargement. The research project focuses on two very different models: the model of Nordic exceptionality and that of laggardness or less Europeaness of Central and Eastern European EU members. These models are considered i llustrative samples of the centripetal dynamics of European identity making. The project seeks to evaluate the impact of these models of alterity on the force of contestation and types of resistance toward European identitarian constructs that lead to dec reasing popular support for European Union, Euroscepticism and the formation of anti-EU forces in Nordic and Central and Eastern European countries. It aims to identify a dual movement at national and transnational levels of identity building processes in  the context of the EU enlargement. The argument is that European identity making creates and reproduces through daily practices an internal alterity while enlargement made the process of othering constitutive to most of European identitarian endeavours.  Thus, in a reshaped paraphrase, a new spectre is haunting Europe: the spectre of the other.

Narratives of European Identity and the Making of the Other Inside European Union.

The aim of my project is to explore the ways in which some of the chapters of Bede?s Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum on saints? lives and miracle stories have been re-elaborated in the anonymous Old English translation of the Historia ecclesiastica  as well as in the Homilies and in the Lives of Saints written by Ælfric. 
My project is structured around the analysis of 6 different saintly figures, each of which embodies a different model of sanctity in Bede?s Historia ecclesiastica: 
-	St. Alban: th e martyr; 
-	Oswald: king, warrior, and saint; 
-	Fursey: a model of peregrinatio; 
-	Æthelthryth: queen and abbess; 
-	Cuthbert: the ascetic; 
-	Dryhthelm: a layman who embraces the monastic life. 
For every figure a comparative analysis will be develope d between the source-text (Bede?s Historia ecclesiastica) and the two target-texts (the Old English Bede and Ælfric?s Homilies and Lives of Saints), each of which is representative of two different stages in the development of the English pre-Norman liter ary system. The saintly figures and the account of their lives acquire an identity of their own in each of the two hypertexts and become a reflection not only of the source-text, but also of the cultural context that produced the translations themselves.  As Itamar Even-Zohar (1978) often points out, the analysis of specific translational phenomena can be a very useful tool for interpreting the cultural system of which the translation itself is a product.
This comparative approach firstly allows to address  the issue of the relationship between the concepts of translation and re-writing; secondly, it also allows to observe the evolution of the hagiographic genre, of its aims, and narrative strategies within two very different contexts of production: histori ography for the Historia ecclesiastica and its Old English translation, homiletics for Ælfric.

Saints' lives and miracle stories in Bede, the Old English Bede and Ælfric between translation and rewriting

The project's research question is how publicly arranged au pair placement as a program of cultural exchange coexists with its daily practices and private commitments undertaken by Russian and Ukrainian female au pairs and their host families living in No rway. The intersection of migration strategies and citizenship will be explored by comparing Russian and Ukrainian institutional and personal opportunities, their (trans)local (ethnic) networks, and their expectations from the program and its different pa rticipants. The research is designed as qualitative. I will explore documents and secondary sources on legal arrangement of au pair placement in Norway; interview au pair agencies' staff working with Russians and Ukrainians, interview au pairs and their h osts. The project will be implemented in Oslo in intensive collaboration with the research groups on international migration of Fafo and other institutions.

Russian and Ukrainian Female Au pairs in Norway: Public Arrangements and Private Commitments

The combination of Einstein's General Relativity and ordinary matter, as described by the Standard Model of particle physics, cannot explain the current cosmological observations. In order to account for all the astronomical observations within General Re lativity, two exotic components
are required in the matter-energy budget of the Universe. These are dark matter and dark energy. The origin and nature of the dark sector is however still a mystery, since there is no well established and consistent theoret ical framework to explain them. My work focused on the dark-energy problem. There is a very important issue which one should always bear in mind when interpreting the observations : the existence of the dark sector is in fact only inferred from the motion  of ordinary matter in a gravitational field. Hence, one could then ask whether the existence of the dark energy is just a sign of our lack of understanding of gravitational  physics? That is, could General Relativity break down at certain  cosmological/a strophysical scales? Such possibility lead to the formulation of Modified Gravities as alternatives to the dark energy.
The planned research project will be to study the nature of Dark Energy with David Mota (University of Oslo). In particular to use the  growth of matter perturbations in order to discriminate between Dark Energy models. We will work and test the following models.
* Chameleon models where a scalar field has an effective mass that depends on its environment.
* Scalar-Tensor of gravities tha t appears as low-energy effectivetheories of gravity.
* The non-minimal coupled Dirac-Born-Infeld model.
* The Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (DGP) model.

Modified Gravity as an alternative to Dark Energy.

The proposal aims on strengthening of international competence of Norwegian and South African R&D communities in the field of hydrogen energy systems where a large global industrial market is evidently foreseeable. A common 6-months postdoc competence bui lding project is proposed to train and educate a young researcher from the University of the Western Cape (UWC, South Africa) Dr. Mario Williams in two Norwegian, leading in the field of hydrogen, research institutions in Institute for Energy Technology ( IFE, Kjeller) and Department of Materials Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Trondheim, NTNU). The proposed activity further develops collaboration between UWC, IFE and NTNU established within a running project in the  program of bilateral collaboration Norway-South Africa supported by the Research Council of Norway.
Other project objectives include:
- Development of novel materials and technologies for hydrogen extraction from industrial gas streams, its compact and sa fe storage and supply to consumer.
- Development of novel approaches in utilisation of South African natural resources, including noble metal Pd and hydride-forming metals, Zr, Ti and V.
- Attaining leading international level of research and development  by complementing expertise of South African University of the Western Cape with those of the Norwegian institutions, IFE and NTNU. 
The knowledge gained during implementation of the project is expected to allow for directed design of a new generation of t he metal hydride materials suitable for industrial applications.
The project includes the following activities:
- Development and characterisation of the substrate alloys characterised by acceptable hydrogen sorption performances at process conditions;
-  Development of surface modification procedure through the use of palladium nanoparticle impregnation and fluorination;
- Characterisation and optimisation of the surface-modified nanocomposite materials.

Advanced metal hydrides for applications (hydrotech-3)

In a context where developing carbon-free energies answers a very
important societal and environmental demand, the present development
of the so called "Enhanced Geothermal Systems'', like the one
developed over a 30-year-long European project in Soultz-s ous-Forêts
(France) or in the Cooper Basin (Australia), requires basic research
to better understand heat exchanges occurring when a cold fluid is
injected into a hot fractured rock. This in turn requires the modeling
of both mass and energy transport. No te that the understanding of
hydraulic flow in single fractures and in fracture networks is also a
key for other topics like oil exploration, supercritical CO2
injection, pollutant flow, or storage of radioactive wastes in
crystalline rocks.
While the com plexity of the fracture morphology is seldom taken into
account, it has been shown that the fracture roughness is likely to
inhibit the temperature exchange, because of channeling effects on
the fluid flow. The previously cited studies are based on a stro ng
hypothesis called the lubrication approximation, which stipulates in
particular that the hydraulic flow is laminar.  It was however shown
that even at low Reynolds number, recirculation, such as eddies, may
happen because of a sharp morphology. This ef fect may have large
consequences on any process which depends on fluid convection, like
thermal exchanges. The aim of our study will be to characterize the
influence of realistic shapes of the fracture asperities, complex pressure
gradients, and fluid vis cosity on the hydro-thermal
behavior. To do so, numerical simulations will be carried out using a
coupled lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, that we have already started to
develop.

Hydro-thermal coupling in rough fractures using lattice Boltzmann (LB) methods

The return of contemporary philology to the ideas and categories of rhetoric, in the context of current communication theory and humanities, means that it is essential to have a more through analysis of writers' rhetorical techniques. 
On this background,  the works of Dostoevsky are of particular interest. His multi-strata word has become an instrument for understanding the human speech and for analyzing a person?s mentality. In turn this requires the application of pragmatic methods of analysis of Dostoe vsky's characters' speech and the study of forms of metalinguistic reflection on artistic techniques, which can be found most clearly in paradoxes of speech, in comic devices and in the ways of 're-encoding' of rhetorical forms. 
The proposed research top ic is the metarhetoric. The thesis aims to analyze the origins, structures, devices and aesthetic functions of rhetorics in Dostoevsky's works; to show how eloquence and rhetorics, including their conventional and parody forms, function as constructive el ements of Dostoevsky's texts, forming both an important subject of representation and its artistic method. 
The purpose of the project is to demonstrate, how a particular word or a single phrase, passing through the devices of rhetorical reflection, can a ffect the whole of the text, change its meaning and the way it is perceived. How Dostoevsky plays with rhetoric, tries to escape from it and creates his own.
The basic research subject is the speech of characters (and the narrator's speech, as far as he i s presented as a certain person and never fits the author in fiction text) in Dostoevsky's literature. 
The proposed project is a part of my PhD research. Within the three-month stay in Bergen I plan to focus on writing and reading under the supervision o f Prof. Lunde, to attend lectures and seminars at the department of Arts at the University of Bergen, and organize a seminar to present my work and discuss it with the Norwegian colleagues.

Metarhetorics of F. Dostoevsky

In my doctoral research in History, Critic and Theory of Art at Barcelona University under Profesor Lourdes Cirlot Valenzuela's direction I carry out an in-depth analysis of mail artists' publications and interviews to build a mail art database that serve s to map those artists' network and to understand their social/communicational connections and strategies. The historical approach we propose is aimed at recovering the memory of this sort of art production in order to understand and also spread that arti stic phenomenon. To improve my doctoral research, an in-depth study should be conducted on issues like art communication, sociality and network theories - themes that will be part of a specific chapter of my thesis. Therefore, I will stay in Oslo from Oct ober 1st, 2010 to November 30, 2010 in the Departament of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas at the University of Oslo. During that research stay I will have exchanges with Professor Ina Blom on the topic of mail art/communication art in the c ontext of social art pratices of the 20th century avant-garde as well I will make a bibliographic review about this topic under her supervision. From this activities I will write one chapter of my doctoral thesis about art and sociality in which I will an alyse this aspect inside mail art network. Moreover, I also will publish an essay about it in an important Journal in a related area. This result means a significant contribution in the History and Theory of Art area, once there are few studies and conseq uently not much bibliography about the matter. In addition to the mention research activities I will follow the seminars and participate in workshops arranged during my stay.

Art and sociality: mail art in the context of social art pratices of the 20th century avant-garde

The main goal of my future work is to look at the formation and specifics of identity in metal community as an academic problem. This goal is determined by the current situation of the fundamental societal changes, amongst others those in basal assumption s, that lead to the plurality and ambiguity of social structures and life-worlds. I assume that in our times collective identities, which subordinate individuality to common interest are no longer normative. Instead, they give place to individual constell ations that cannot be integrated by given norms, hierarchies and forms of organization, but are determined by disintegration or "risky freedom". I also assume, that the monopoly of dominating culture is slowly replaced by plurality of the forms of cultura l expression, as the importance of small groups and alternative movements or so-called "subcultures" is growing. In such circumstances the integrating force of aesthetics, especially that of music, increases dramatically. The groups of people with common  aesthetic interests slowly become the most important environment and source of identity.
From such communities, the most interesting to us is one that is integrated by the common musical taste - the metal community. I have chosen that group as an object b ecause it receives very little attention in sociology and social anthropology despite the very active processes of building it's own identity and value system.

Metal Community: the Problem of Identity

The aim of the project is the interdisciplinary characterisation of the media convergence process in time and space ? transforming human surrounding. This project is a sub-project in relation to the one I have been carrying out since 1.10.2007 in Poland,  entitled Aspects of Convergence. New Media and their Users. The aim of the sub-project is to answer the most essential research question: How the intersection of media and public space, evolving in time, transforms the environment of the human life? The a nalysis will be supplemented by the responses to two additional questions. What form and content do hybrid media environments have? What patterns of media use, or rather patterns of life with the media and in the media are designed by the new media conste llations? Integrated research instrumentation will be used in the project: case studies on media and space convergence with the use of observation, participant observation and discursive analysis of the media content based on the collected written materia ls, photographs and films. Material for the analysis will be collected in Norway. Theoretical frameworks of the project will be designated by the works on media convergence and intermediality and interdisciplinary analyses focusing on the relationships be tween new media and public space, including the urban studies. Thanks to the project, the convergence specification occurring in the human media environment, will be approximated. The following aspects of the phenomenon will be taken into account: socio-c ultural (in terms of the new types of media presence in public space and its interference with users? daily lives), media (in terms of the new types of media forms and contents interpenetrating the human environment), technological (in terms of analysis o f equipment, networks and their linkages), economical (in terms of the relationships between convergence and commercialization) and aesthetical.

New Media Environment. Media Convergence in Time and Space

For further information see attached project description(outline.pdf)

IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi

Bø, Erlend Eide, eonr øk, kat 1

Awarded: NOK 35,000

Funding scheme:

IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics