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Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Locating Intergenerational Ties, rematriating late-19th-century unpublished photographs of Sámi Women and Children

Employing a decolonial approach inspired by critical museology and Indigenous studies, LIT aims to initiate a visual restitution/rematriation process fostering attention to Sámi people’s experiences during colonial encounters, and to illuminate individual life-stories of women and children photographed by Italian anthropologists Mantegazza and Sommier between 1879 and 1886. It wishes to generate dialogical knowledge of unpublished visual/written materials, enabling Sámi communities of interest to gain access to these scholars’ photographs. In complex socio-historical Indigenous/settler contexts such as Sápmi (the Sámi homeland), Sámi people’s control over their own heritage has proved essential to processes of cultural and ethnopolitical self-determination. Part of the Sámi visual heritage consists of photographs taken - often through mild violence and coercion - by academics engaged in physical anthropological practices involving Sámi individuals of all ages and genders. The resulting academic and divulgative publications circulated in Europe for decades, shaping and reinforcing stereotypes of Sámi peoples and cultures. Photos taken in colonial encounters by late-19th/early-20th century scholars to visualize Sámi people’s supposed biological-cultural inferiority (until a few decades ago inaccessible to the Sámi) have become important means of decolonization and empowerment through art and activism. The visual restitution of such photographs is of the utmost importance not only from a cultural heritage perspective but is also considered by Sámi institutions and individuals as an urgent necessity. LIT proposes an innovative approach based on the co-construction of knowledge and with a gender dimension. I shall reconstruct life stories of women and children photographed by Italian ethnologists, locating their descendants and returning their photographs to their communities. LIT would benefit my career, making me a leading researcher in Sami Studies and museology.

CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

POWERING ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO DRIVE THE CLIMATE TRANSITION

PACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together in sustainable ways. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.
Therefore, PACESETTERS will set out to:
-Create knowledge from collaborative research to keep pace with the transition
-Propose and test creative business models to set the pace of the transition
-Assess strategies of valorisation to push the pace of the transition
 
This approach will identify and analyse advanced practices that run transversally across the cultural and creative sectors; contextualise the outcomes of co-research in real-world laboratories for social imagination; further develop and promote the preliminary results of experiments in iterative support and evaluation frames. The PACESETTERS approach centres on inclusion, participation and iteration in order ensure that gender equity and diversity inform it at every step and on every level.

The result will be a critical evaluation and all-encompassing demonstration of the actual potentials of the CCIs to drive the climate transition while systematically analysing their impact on micro-, meso- and macro-level:
-Understanding the climate transition as a triple transition: green, digital and inclusive
-Innovating aPACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.

Smart and Sustainable Host UniverCities: leveraging city-university interactions to further the twin green and digital transition

SUNSET aims to develop innovative research and training capacity around city-university interactions driving the EU’s green and digital transition. This twin transition is a defining element of the current EU policy agenda towards achieving climate neutrality and sustainable growth. The European Commission considers cities to be frontrunners in this transition agenda, but their transformational capacity and resilience crucially depends on the presence of agile and high-performing urban innovation ecosystems. SUNSET brings together (1) prominent researchers working in diverse geographical and disciplinary settings at leading universities (N=6) with (2) partners (N=16) from city governments (often participating in the Cities Mission to achieve climate neutrality by 2030), innovation companies, research institutes and civil society organizations to analyze and foster the performance of these urban innovation ecosystems: drawing on a purposeful range of interdisciplinary, international, and intersectoral exchanges, the Doctoral Network will investigate whether and how universities can successfully become key drivers of the twin transition in cities via their role as innovation partners, the implementation of campus living labs, and as architects of decision-making in governance ecosystems. Through a tailored combination of network-wide training events and academic and non-academic secondments, the SUNSET Doctoral Network will train a new generation of researchers to become future urban innovation ecosystem leaders in the pursuit of the twin green and digital transition. The findings will lead to practical guidelines regarding the design and implementation of living labs for university and city management, tailored strategies to foster more inclusive and diverse urban ecosystems, and diverse forms of scientific outreach and dissemination.

Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


EXPRESS 2 SPECIFY AND PROTECT THE EU SOCIAL CONTRACT (EXPRESS2)

EXPRESS2 is a project that addresses from a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and cross-sectional perspective, the growing demand for a new, more democratic, inclusive, and sustainable social contract in the EU. To achieve this, the project will work to create a more appealing and legitimate EU social contract draft that will be submitted to inhabitants, Member States and EU institutions that will have the possibility to participate and decide upon the conditions, rights, and obligations to be binding. The goal is to strengthen the EU agreement of association by promoting social dialogue, civic engagement, and integration. An express draft shall be achieved by means of policy dialogue, campaign implementation, collaborative workshops, advocacy planning, and innovative offline and online formats and tools to create spaces for dialogue. To this end, EXPRESS2 will involve EU policymakers and institutions throughout the project to obtain a more appealing and legitimate EU social contract draft. 
The project will also focus on identifying and analyzing disruptive elements of the social contract, such as insecurity, populism, climate change, mistrust in institutions, gender discrimination, digitalisation and pandemics. The analysis of these stressors includes both individualised and cross-sectional approaches to cover the plausible relation of multiple disruptors, their concatenation or the “trigger” effect of a disruptive phenomenon to another. By understanding these disruptive elements and their effects on the social contract, the project will propose concrete measures to ironclad the social contract and it will provide relevant information to protect it from actual and potential disruptions thus we conceive social contracts as incomplete theorised agreements and living documents. In addition to academic, policy, and socio-economic outcomes, EXPRESS2 will propose recommendations to strengthen the social contract's resilience and capacity for further development.


Mapping of Longitudinal data of Inequalities in Education

The MapIE project aims to identify mechanisms causing educational inequalities and policies or interventions compensating for them. We do a systematic review of how these have been studied internationally using longitudinal designs. We map existing longitudinal data that we describe in a public metadata database, and we analyse them to describe the mechanisms of inequalities and to identify effective policies and interventions in different local contexts. We focus on the contextual differences between the Nordic and Central European countries that have structurally different education systems. Within national contexts and using comparative research designs, we look at system-, regional- and school-level policies and practices and individual-level factors (e.g. socioeconomic status, immigrant background, gender, special educational needs) that are associated with the development of educational inequalities and the successful prevention of achievement gaps. We publish and disseminate the empirical results of the project through multiple channels to scientific audiences, policy makers and the wider public. At the end, we create a public framework for studying educational inequalities longitudinally in future studies, acknowledging the role of local contexts but aiming for comparability at the European level. 

We implement the project in seven work packages. Our consortium consists of internationally acknowledged experts in large-scale educational assessment research from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Hungary and Luxembourg/Germany. The partners have a long-standing history of collaboration with each other, European researchers, and national and international education policy makers, and they bring extensive longitudinal datasets to the project. The project will considerably strengthen the knowledge base of what shapes educational outcomes over time, how to best support the learning of all students and how to reduce education inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

Contextualized pathways to reduce housing inequalities in the green and digital transition.

The project Reducing housing inequalities in the green and digital transition (ReHousIn) is committed to better understand the impacts of recent crises on housing inequalities across different European regions, especially with regard to the implementation of the green transition launched by the EU. The overall aim is to explore the mechanisms affecting the (re)production of housing inequalities under recent crisis conditions, and the impacts of the EU induced green transition in different national contexts and along different degrees of urbanisation. Based on a contextualized and comparative understanding of the mechanisms (re)producing housing inequalities, ReHousIn inquiries into multi-level pathways and inclusive local housing initiatives to spark innovative EU, national and local policy solutions towards inclusionary and quality housing, mitigating the possible negative impacts of the EU induced green transition. It conducts a comparative, multi-level analysis in 9 European countries – Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom – focusing on attractive metropolitan regions, middle-sized cities and rural areas by means of a mixed-method project design. A quantitative data analysis on recent trends in housing inequalities and their relation to crises across different levels of urbanization will provide the framework for 27 local cases studies in which the impact of multi-level trajectories of housing-system, welfare regimes and environmental policy instrumentations on the (re)production of local housing inequalities and the emergence of inclusive housing initiatives are analyzed. Based on this, ReHousIn compares mechanisms of differentiation feeding into policy labs, aiming to formulate recommendations on how to tackle negative social externalities related the EU green transition at EU, national and local levels.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

Midlene fra MONEYFOLRS-Money follows researcher fordelt på år

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Professor

Money Follows Researcher
Simon G. Møller, UiS

Seilbøyen (sailbuoy.no) har bevist sin operasjonelle robusthet gjennom å krysse Atlanterhavet uten menneskelig medvirkning. Den er en liten farkost som blir drevet fram ved vindkraft og der solenergi fornyer energien som trengs til datainnsamling og kommunikasjon. Seilbøyen kommuniserer over satellittnettet og operere en rekke av de viktigste sensorene for overvåkning av de marine økosystemene og dets ressurser. Seilbøyen har demonstrert evne til å a) samle data, b) rapportere resultater i nær sann tid, og c) ta mot operasjonsplaner fra oppdragsgiver. «Sailbuoy for krill» (S4K) er et prosjekt som skal demonstrere direkte anvendelser av denne innovative farkosten i kommersielle operasjoner knyttet til høsting av krill i det sensitive miljøet i Antarktis. Aker Biomarine er prosjektleder i S4K og har som hovedmål å: 
1. Å utvikle autonome digitale løsninger som forbedre kostnadseffektiviteten i fiskeriet og minske miljøavtrykk ved å minimalisere uproduktiv fartøytid gjennom redusert leiteaktivitet
2. Bidra til bærekraftig utnytting av ressursen ved å supplere data til organisasjoner som har forvaltningsansvar for ressursene i Antarktis
Tilleggsformål:
a)	Implementere tilleggsløsninger for den norske pelagiske flåten, og 
b)	Etablere et industriprodukt for markedene innen fiskeri og marin forskning.

Prosjektet ledes av Aker Biomarine og har også med Liegruppen som bruker i norske farvann. Produsenten, Offshore Sensing, er også med i prosjektet og ønsker å utvide anvendelsesspekteret for sitt hovedprodukt. Havforskningsinstituttet er med fra forvaltningssiden og ser at produktet kan samle inn nyttige data i perioder og områder uten fartøydekning. NORCE er en avgjørende leverandør av program og maskinvare og skal optimalisere de digitale systemene sammen med Offshore Sensing til et fullverdig kommersielt produkt.
Framdriften er i 2020-2021 forsinket på grunn av Covid-19. Planlagte feltarbeid for forskere er kansellert og integrering med forskning kan derfor ikke gjennomføres. Prosjektet fikk en forlengelse fram til 30 juni 2022 for å kunne gjennomføre omsøkte planer.  
Det er innsamlet betydelige mengder data som er under bearbeiding og publisering nå. Alle feltforsøkene viste større operasjonelle utfordringer enn vi hadde forutsett. Det ble derfor brukt uforholdsmessige store ressurser på oppgradering og forbedringer. Aker Biomarine har arbeidet tett med Offshore Sensing for å få en funksjonell farkost, noe som har påført prosjektet betydelige ekstrakostnader. En betydelig milepel ble passert i 2022 når bøyen opererte etter instruks ved Sør-Orknøyene mens fisket foregikk i Brands Field Straight.  Basert på informasjon fra seilbøyen kunne en av båtene reise fra et middelmådig fiske til bedre forekomster ved Sør-Orknøyene. 
De operasjonelle forsøkene har nå vist at S4K:
-	Kan gjennomføre vitenskapelige transekt for innhenting av akustiske overvåkningsdata av krill.
-	Observer krill nær overflaten som ellers er utilgjengelig for fartøyenes ekkolodd. Dette er viktig både for krillfiske og forskning.
-	Kan samle inn data i et område mens moderfartøy fisker et annet sted og dermed effektivisere fiske og redusere karbon fotavtrykk.
-	Er sårbar for de røffe forholdene i Antarktis der gjentatte kollisjoner med is er en stor belastning på seil og skrog. Dette er forbedret underveis, og erfaringene vil inkluderes i de operasjonelle rutinene for farkosten.
Aktiviteten i norske farvann har vært mindre enn planlagt. Innspill fra Liegruppen var viktig under utviklings og test-løpet, men det trengs mer erfaring fra realistiske feltforsøk for å kvalifisere farkosten for bruk i norske farvann.  
Aker Biomarine tar S4K med inn i en større satsing på autonom teknologi som skal brukes i krillfiske. Prosjektet anses som vellykket på tross av de mange operasjonelle utfordringene. Selskapet vil fortsette å arbeide med forskningsmiljøene om datainnsamling og datadeling til felles beste.

Sailbuoy for krill (SB4Krill) is based on the specific challenges associated to fisheries of krill in Antarctic waters but include also a fish component from the Norwegian fishing industry to ensure that the development satisfies a more general approach. The development aims at satisfying not only the fishing industry market, but also needs of associated research, monitoring and management. The krill industry emphasizes this due to the increasing number of requests and requirements from CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Life www.ccamlr.org) following the concern of human impacts on these vulnerable krill-based ecosystems under global warming. 
The Sailbuoy has demonstrated its operational robustness (Sailbuoy.no) and the industry consider this autonomous technology an efficient tool of two reasons:
a)	The SB4Krill enhances cost-efficiency of the fishing operation through reduction of searching time for biomass distribution outside the range of vessel instrumentation, both in the vessels’ nearfield as well as when the SB4Krill operates autonomously at distant fishing locations.
b)	The SB4Krill supports the sustainability of the industry through collecting research data requested by CCAMLR without using resource demanding vessel time, also during periods with no fishing activity,.
The project includes a strong group technologist, scientists ((Offshore Sensing, Norce, Institute of Marine Research (IMR)) and representatives from operational fishing industry (Aker Biomarine (AB), Lie-gruppen) that will ensure an efficient combination of practical experience and theoretical knowledge. With this basis the SB4Krill will be developed through a continuous interaction between testing and development.
AB, the project owner, and IMR, management adviser, envision a new industry invention taking a strong foothold in the fishing industry thus creating a product that in coming years will be further developed to satisfy both industry and research demands.

Sailbuoy for krill

Antarktis har krill dominerte økosystem, definert slik på grunn av nøkkelrolla til krill. Toppredatorane er i stor grad avhengig av krill enten direkte eller indirekte ved at dei et krill eller artar som lever av krill. Spesielt avhengig av krill, og derfor sårbare, er landbaserte predatorar som pingvin og sel. Desse artane er avhengig av god og nær tilgang til mat i dei områda og på den tid selen kastar og pingvin hekkar. 
Noreg er største krillnasjon ved at norske selskap tar meir enn halve fangsten. Kommisjonen for bevaring av levende marine ressursar i Antarktisk  (CCAMLR) har ei økosystem basert tilnærming som grunnlag for sine forvaltingsvedtak. Det er derfor viktig å ha tilgang til vitskapleg informasjon som stør dei vurderingane som CCAMLR legg til grunn for sine vurderingar. 
Dette prosjektet har som mål å legge eit grunnlag for framtidsretta overvaking av krillbestanden samtidig som  det skal framskaffe informasjon som gir forståing av naturleg dynamikken i krill og tilhøve til predatorbestandane av sel og pingvin, som er mest avhengig av krill. Målet er at prosjektet skal gi eit vitskapleg grunnlag for å vurdere kva berekraftig hausting av krill innebere under eit økosystem perspektiv. Prosjektet vert gjennomført i samarbeid mellom tre institusjonar: British Antarctic Survey, Norsk polarinstitutt og Havforskingsinstituttet. I tillegg er det eit tett samarbeid med krillnæringa som stør prosjektet med ei vekes tokttid kvart år. Det er gjennom dette sterke samarbeidet vi kan ha ambisjonar om å dekke dei viktigaste måla våre.
Prosjektet har etablert rutinar og prosedyrar for gjennomføring av eit årleg tokt ved Sør Orknøyane.  Dette toktet framskaffar mengde og fordelingsinformasjon for krill, som etterkvart vil gå inn i som ein kvantitativ tidsserie saman med tilsvarande dataseriar for områda ved Den antarktiske halvøy og rundt Sør Georgia. Vi samlar inn informasjon om biologien til krillen og om det fysiske miljøet slik at vi kan analysere samanhangar mellom miljøet, mengde og biologisk tilstand. Samtidig vert det samla data om sel og pingvin. Av størst interesse er tilstand i desse bestandane og i kva grad fisket konkurrerer med desse artane i krillmatfatet. 
Resultata frå prosjektet har fått internasjonal merksemd ved at vi viser korleis næringa sjølv kan vere med å samle data til forvaltinga. Merkeforsøka på sel og pingvin viser at mange av dei merka dyra frå dei landbaserte koloniane ikkje i særleg grad overlappar fordelinga av fiskeflåten. Fiskeflåten har vist at dei kan samle inn akustiske mengdedata om krill også under kommersielt fiske og desse dataene vert no brukt til å vurdere om fisket reduserer tettleiken av krill i det beskatta området i eit mon som skaper ein interessekonflikt mellom predatorane og fiskeriet. Så langt ser det ikkje ut til at det skjer. Vi skal vidare analysere nye data med omsyn på i kva grad overlapp mellom predatorane og fiske i seg sjølv kan utgjere ein fare og om fiskeriet påverkar åtferd og fordeling av krill slik at den vert vanskelegare å fange for pingvin og sel. Prosjektet skal, med bakgrunn i resultat og erfaring, legge fagleg grunnlag for etablering av eit fast årleg overvakingstokt med felles innsats frå næring og forsking.
I 2016 deltok prosjektet i eit tokt saman med British Antarctic Survey. Det framkom mykje ny kunnskap om fordelingsdynamikk til krill i høve til det fysiske og biologiske (predatorar) miljøet. Det vart også samla inn akustisk målstyrkedata saman med informasjon om orientering av krill, noko som er avgjerande for å etablere rett konvertering av akustiske verdiar til biomasse.

Antarctic krill is the dominant euphasiid species, and a key ecosystem component, throughout much of the Southern Ocean. This single species comprises most of the diet of many upper trophic predators, including fish, seabirds, seals and whales throughout  much of the Subantarctic and Antarctic marine ecosystem. It is also the target of human fishing effort. The krill fishery has been increasing in volume recently (with Norway taking the greatest catches), and is now highly concentrated in FAO Zone 48. This  area is also rich in biodiversity and houses some of the largest populations of krill-dependent, land-based predators in the Southern Ocean. Both the krill and some of the predator populations of the region have been showing negative trends in abundance  recently, likely as a result of climate change. Thus, it is imperative at this time to have updated information regarding the current abundance and distribution of krill, as well as an increased understanding of krill-dominated ecosystem dynamics, to ensu re that human activity does not negatively impact natural components of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. This latter objective is the principle guiding tenant of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources, which is the fisheries  management body responsible for overseeing fisheries in international waters around Antarctica. In the KRILL research programme the British Antarctic Survey, the Norwegian Polar Institute and the Institute of Marine Research have formed a powerful consor tium to deal with the cross-disciplinary challenges posed by an ambitious research effort that will use advanced scientific instrumentation to simultaneously study krill and their predators in the context of the fishery and a changing environment. The pro ject will strengthen Norwegian competence in Southern Ocean systems and also build new competence through graduate student recruitment, while providing valuable scientific data relevant to fisheries management.

Krill-dominated Ecosystem Dynamics in the Scotia Sea

The project Low frequency acoustics- potentials and dangers for low frequency acoustics (LowFreq) (project number 184705, application number ES425816) was founded by the Norwegian Research Council in 2007. This project has a twofold aim; 1) testing the ef fect of low frequency, military sonars on marine mammals and fish, and 2) investigating the potential of using such sonars in long distance monitoring of fish schools. 
The project involved a PhD scholarship, with the PhD candidate participating in both p arts of the project. Lise Doksæter, Msc from University of Bergen, was hired to this position. To get the best possible outcome of the PhD project, as well as ensure a satisfying recruitment to IMR by highly qualified personnel in the field, it is importa nt that the PhD candidate get a good training and education in the field of acoustics. 
LowFreq has several international partners, among them Massachutes Institute of Technology (MIT), represented by professor Nick Makris. As one of the worlds leading un iversities in technology, MIT offers the best and most specialized education in underwater acoustics. Via this international collaboration with professor Makris, the PhD candidate has been invited to study one semester at MIT, taking different relevant co urses in underwater acoustics. Three or four different courses will be chosen from the following (for more information regarding courses, see project description):
1. Acoustic Sensing
2. Fundamentals and Applications of Underwater Sound
3. Acoustical Ocea nography
4. Environmental Ocean Acoustics
5. Marine Bioacoustics and Geoacoustics
6. Wave propagation

The education at MIT will give the student insight and knowledge on underwater acoustics as will be used to calculate sound propagation under different hydrographical conditions.

PhD studies at Massachutes Institute of Tecnology (MIT) for Lise Doksæter

The applicant, Lise Doksæter, is a PhD student under the project Low frequency acoustics: potentials and dangers for marine ecosystems application (LowFreq), at the institute of marine research (IMR). The main focus in her PhD project is to study the effe cts of low frequency sound on fish and marine mammals. A good understanding of underwater acoustics and wave propagation is essential to enable analyses of the data and evaluate the effects on marine animals. 
To strengthen the outcome of the PhD project,  as well as ensure a satisfying recruitment to IMR by highly qualified personnel in the field, it is important that the PhD candidate get a good training and education in the field of acoustics. As one of the leading universities in the world in technolog y, Massachutes Institute of Technology (MIT), offers the best and most specialized education in underwater acoustics. As a collaborator in the LowFreq project, professor Nickholas Makris, leader of the Laboratory of Undersea Remote Sensing at MIT, has inv ited the applicant to study at MIT for a period of six months. During this stay, she will take three or four courses from the following: 
1. Acoustic Sensing
2. Fundamentals and Applications of Underwater Sound
3. Acoustical Oceanography
4. Environmental  Ocean Acoustics
5. Marine Bioacoustics and Geoacoustics
6. Wave propagation.
The educational part of a PhD degree is very important to ensure recruitment of well-qualified personnel, and for the applicant to be able to take this part of her PhD at MIT wil l give the applicant the best possible education in her discipline.

Low Frequency acoustics - potentials and dangers for marine ecosystems applications (LowFreq)

Mesoscale eddies are important for the ocean circulation and are considered important for the open sea productivity. The basic processes behind are difficult to study and are vaguely understood mainly due to inadequate spatio-temporal coverage offered by traditional methodologies. Recent studies have demonstrated that surface observation of eddies as recorded by satellites can be combined with full depth coverage with vessel acoustic sensors. In concert the two methods create a new powerful tool to study biophysical interaction in eddies. Sea surface altimetry or ocean colour data combined with acoustics records of biomass may uncover biophysical interactions within eddies, and help understanding their importance for marine bioproduction.
An integral part  of the methodology is application of physical-biological models to study the bio-physical interactions.  The models will help understanding how different types of eddies influence the primary and secondary production including passive as well as active p articles (representing zooplankton) and particles with simple foraging strategies (representing small fish), thus  giving insight to how eddies contribute to the distribution and production of biomass in the open ocean. 
The successful initial observation s combining satellite/vessel data are promising for detection and mapping of eddies along the Norwegian continental shelf and slope.  This is a groundbreaking methodology that may enhance understanding of productivity in the open sea and might become vita l in studies of fish recruitment and harvestable production at lower trophic level. The approach allow observations at scales of meter and second of biomass interaction with the environment. Advanced biological sampling can be designed to collect marine l ife thus giving precise information about spatio-temporal distribution adequate for modeling of biophysical coupling far beyond traditional sampling approaches.

Remote sensing of mesoscale oceanic processes by acoustics and satellite sensors - a new approach to understanding of bio-physical coupling

Low frequency acoustics from hundreds of Hz to 10 kHz includes the range for Navy sonars and have recently been tested assessing the distribution, density, and behaviour of pelagic fish. These frequencies are within the hearing range of fish and marine ma mmals. Operation at these frequencies may affect the behaviour, if not harm, marine organisms such as marine mammals and fish.
For the Norwegian navy, who are soon putting their new sonar into operation, it is important to establish safe operation guideli nes. Institute of Marine Research look at this as an opportunity to investigate the potential of using low frequency acoustics in studies of marine life at the Norwegian continental shelf. 
The project goals will be solved in three steps. In the preparato ry step a theoretical study of the new navy sonar will be done with respect to performance in relation to the expected experimental conditions. Further, we will establish the field instrumentation needed to detect behavioural effects on fish and mammals a s well as validation of biomass measurements. 
In the controlled experiments step we will carry out measurements on herring. Detailed knowledge of the semi natural behaviour of the fish in captivity gives an excellent basis for studying reaction patterns and detection ranges.
The third step, field experiments, will mainly be carried out on herring in the wintering situation off Northern Norway. This area is also excellent for effect studies on killer whale as hundreds of them normally feed on the overwint ering herring schools. The low frequency sonar will be operated from a navy vessel. Stationary acoustic platforms equipped with echo sounders and microphone will record vocalisation of whale and fish and a vessel with scientific sonar and echo sounders wi ll monitor behaviour of herring and validate density estimates.
A group of scientists from FFI, WHOI, MIT and IMR will secure the theoretical and operational capabilities of the project.

Low-frequency acoustics - potentials and dangers for marine ecosystem application

This project will formalize and structure a connection in technology development between IFREMER, France and IMR, Norway. The overriding goal is to develop a project for innovative use of new acoustic technology within fisheries research solving challenge s in marine ecosystem assessment and management. 
During the initial year a project team will organize seminars in both countries and otherwise communicate electronically. The team will evaluate the MBES and MBS technologies and their capabilities in asse ssment of exploited ecosystem. They will also evaluate MBES and MBS complimentarity and the synergy associated with a joint French-Norwegian development. An evaluation of the demand for expertise and competence will define the need for a broader internati onal cooperation in future.
The project team will participate in cruises using the MBES and MBS systems and establish a common French-Norwegian reference frame for the performance and potential of the technology for both mid water and surface studies and near-bottom evaluations of marine life. This basis will be crucial for the development of efficient data handling and data presentation as well as quantitative treatment of the output information.
The MBES and MBS systems will collect several orders of ma gnitude more data than presently used echo sounders and sonars. The complex data collection is challenging both with respect to selection, treatment and presentation. Maturing these challenges will improve the team's ability to design an efficient new pro ject for both multibeam systems. A major part of the resources will be used to clarify these problems and form a common foundation for a new line of software systems for multibeam acoustic systems.
Based on the above the team will within a year provide a project proposal that utilizes the information described above to establish an international project for efficient development of multibeam acoustic technology for assessment of marine life.

Frankrike - Multibeam acoustics in quantitative ecosystem studies

Framtidig fokus for marin overvåkning vil i økende grad bli økosystemene i stedet for de enkelte bestander. For å nå slike mål trengs en målrettet og koordinert utvikling av metodikken med et bredt samarbeid mellom institusjoner i inn og utland. Konseptue lle rammeverk med tilhørende teknologiske løsninger må utvikles og utprøves for å komme fram til bærekraftige forslag som kan tjene et formål om ansvarlig forvaltning av økosystemene.

En rekke prosjekter har vært gjennomført i etter kant av "Godøutvalget s" rapport av 1998
(nrcwg.imr.no). Disse dekker de viktigste utfordringene knyttet til fiskeatferd, måleteknologi og prøvetakingsmetodikk. Problemkomplekset har blitt vesentlig bedre beskrevet og ulike forslag til teknologiske løsninger har framkommet. Ha vforskningen har som mål å etablere samarbeid med teknologiorienterte institusjoner og bedrifter som kan bidra i bygging av nye teknologiske løsninger som fører oss ett skritt videre mot en effektiv overvåkning av sann mengde og sammensetning i tid og rom  av de viktigste organisemnen som har betydning for ansvarlig høsting av de marine økosystem.

I 2003 fikk Universitetet i Bergen og Havforskningsinstituttet nytt forskningsfartøy som implementerte det viktigste innen ny teknologi knyttet til overvåkning fra fartøy. Denne søknaden utvider det spekter av instrumentering som kan brukes til dette formålet og tar sikte på å forbedre dekningraden i vannsøyla (Lidar), kvantifisere prøvetakingsefektiviteten med trål og kvantifisere atferd som påvirker fordeling i tid og rom.

MONEYFOLRS-Money follows researcher

Money Follows Researcher Simon G. Møller, UiS

Awarded: NOK 2.1 mill.

Funding scheme:

MONEYFOLRS-Money follows researcher

Thematic Areas and Topics