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BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Longitudinal Investigation of Visual and Numerical Perception in Preterm and Full-term Infants

The number of preterm births is on the rise -now more than 1 in 10 babies- and being born preterm is associated with having difficulties in two very important and related cognitive skills that we rely on daily: numerical and visual perception. However, a knowledge gap exists on neural and behavioural associations of numerical and visual perception in full-term and preterm infants. PrePER aims to uncover the underlying neural signatures of the cognitive dysfunctions that preterm infants might display in the first year of their lives and the role of parent-baby interaction to predict preterm infants that are at risk of developing these cognitive difficulties in the second year of their lives. The purpose is to establish criteria to identify infants (especially preterm) at-risk of having cognitive difficulties in numerical and visual perception. Shedding light on normal and impaired cognitive functions in infancy is an essential stepping stone that will pave the way for early diagnostic tools and interventions that would correct the cognitive dysfunctions more efficiently while the brain is still developing. The activities in PrePER will lead to original and innovative outcomes that are beneficial for four parties: 1) Scientific communities will be interested in the results as the ambitious research objectives address questions that have not been asked before. 2) Parents of preterm infants, health-care providers, and policy makers will be interested in the results as the overall aim is to establish criteria to identify infants at-risk of having cognitive-developmental difficulties in the first year of their lives. 3) The researcher will be accelerating her career progression as the training objectives meet her specific needs. 4) The supervisor will be enlarging her research interest and network as the research objectives include a topic within the researcher’s expertise.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

NEXT GENERATION IMAGING FOR REAL-TIME DOSE VERIFICATION ENABLING ADAPTIVE PROTON THERAPY

The NOVO project will address a fundamental issue in proton radiotherapy (PT) of cancer, namely the lack of real-time dose verification (RDV) that significantly limits the potential of PT due to uncertainties in the precise delivery of the prescribed dose. In the NOVO project, we will develop the first proof-of-concept of an RDV technology adaptable to any PT treatment and bring the concept to TRL 4 by also considering integration into the PT clinical workflow. The RDV technology will be pivotal for enabling the next generation of adaptive PT therapy, i.e., dose-guided real-time adaptive therapy. Real-time measurement of the dose to targeted and non-targeted tissues will be the key to truly empower patient-centered, personalized cancer treatment, important to improve curation and quality-of-life post-treatment. As a high-risk/high-gain project, NOVO aims at a first-of-its-kind RDV technology through the unique synergy between (1) cutting-edge, inexpensive organic scintillator technology that can detect secondary radiation during treatment for non-invasive measurements, (2) novel and fast image reconstruction, artificial intelligence (AI)-accelerated models and AI-enhanced image reconstruction to allow simultaneous detection of multiple radiation species and tissue compositional analysis, (3) tumor-tracking and imaging of tissue radio-sensitivity based on oxygen levels, (4) intelligent automation of decision-making schemes for real-time dose-guided adaptive therapy. The project will essentially open a new era in PT that enables curing more cancer patients and reducing toxicity from treatment. The NOVO consortium covers the entire value chain of RDV development (technology providers, theory and modelling, technology integration and PT clinics) and optimally engages nuclear, medical, and high-energy physicists, chemists, mathematicians, computer scientists, oncologists, biologists, as well as European PT centers. 


Development of innovative proton and neutron therapies with high cancer specificity by 'hijacking' the intracellular chemistry of haem biosynthesis.

Deep-lying cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain cancer, are very difficult to access and incurable by the current standards of care. The fluorescence of photosensitive molecules (PSs) can precisely guide surgical resection of GBM. Nevertheless, photomedical treatments like photodynamic therapy (PDT) show limited efficacies due to the low penetration of light into tissue. Proton radiotherapy can reach deep-lying disease through therapeutic energy deposition in a spatially confined region called Bragg peak. Current neutron-based therapies, like Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), have sufficient penetration depth but lack cancer specificity.
In NuCapCure, we propose to 'hijack' intracellular biosynthetic pathways and use them to produce custom-made drugs that will facilitate two genuinely new cancer treatments: i) "NuCapCure Proton", combining proton radiotherapy, protondynamic therapy through PS proton activation, and proton capture therapy (BPCT) through three produced alpha particles; and ii) "NuCapCure neutron", combining GBM specific BNCT and PS neutron activation as demonstrated in our FET-open project FRINGE.
The main scientific breakthroughs of NuCapCure will be to demonstrate the custom production of novel compounds through native intracellular biosynthesis but also to establish experimental proof-of-principle, both in vitro and in vivo, of the proposed two novel therapies. Our highly interdisciplinary project team comprises world-renowned experts from a unique combination of disciplines: proton and neutron physics, synthetic chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology, radiobiology, medical physics, nuclear reactor and particle accelerator technology and radio-oncology to lay the foundations for novel, targeted and curative therapies against currently fatal cancer indications like GBM.

Despites dental pulp capping materials should meet the certain requirements, the available materials have one or more shortcomings—poor biocompatibility and rheological properties, fail to maintain pulp vitality and to simulate reparative dentine formation and expensive etc. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used material because of its beneficial properties. However, its composition bismuth oxide, which is suspectable to toxicity, has an impact on rheological properties. This emphasizes the necessity of looking for inexpensive alternatives to materials that meet the specifications. This project's goal and novelty are to investigate the potential processing of the dental pulp capping cement, which is made of strontium silicate (SrSiO3), strontium fluoride (SrF2), piezoelectric material (PZM) and tricalcium silicate (Ca3O5Si) and its rheological properties and hemocompatibility. Because SrSiO3, SrF2, PZM and Ca3O5Si have the promising properties. This project's work packages are split into four categories based on the interdisciplinary approach since it involves the synthesis and characterization of PZM, the processing and characterization of cement, the identification of rheological parameters utilizing ISO standardizations, and hemocompatibility, and acquiring new transferrable skills. Additionally, the interactions among the selected compounds will be determined. The scientific impact of this project is comprehending the physical properties and the immune system's response to evaluate the cement's suitability as a replacement for existing materials, as well as resulting in further uses in dentistry and medicine. The societal impact is providing millions of patients in Europe with predictable and outstanding treatment outcomes each year to maintain pulp vitality and health. Eventually, it will ease the financial load on millions of patients who need dental care, will be avoiding inflated medical expenses and misuse of the patent (economic impact).

SrSiO3-based Dental Pulp Capping Cement

Midlene fra FINANSMARK-Finansmarkedet fordelt på år

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“Ja, de penga” - en podcast om kroner og øre

The quality of teacher education programme in inclusive education depends mainly on the curriculum, infrastructure and learning resources and, the relevance of practical to the theory. In European countries, particularly in Norway, the inclusive education  programmes are in good practice, where teachers have been trained adequately to meet the diversities in children. In India, inclusive education is gaining momentum only recently and teacher education programmes are not competitive as in Norway with respe ct to inclusion aspects. 

The present study aimed to audit the teacher training courses in Norway with reference to inclusive education, in terms of their content, teaching and training methodologies adopted, availability of infrastructure facilities and  practical for the course content; assess the competencies acquired by the teachers involved in inclusive education; find out the significant differences in the competencies acquired by the teachers involved in inclusive education due to variations in the ir age, gender, educational qualification and experience and ; identify the problems of teachers in inclusive education. The methods and techniques to be used are content analysis (for auditing course content and practical components of the inclusive educ ation teacher training courses), observation and interview (for teaching and training methodologies adopted and, infrastructural facilities available) and questionnaire in the form of rating scale and the problem checklist (to assess the competencies and  problems of teachers involved in inclusive education). Such a study will facilitate to strengthen the existing teacher training programmes to be more inclusive to promote inclusive education in India. Also, the study will throw light on the nature of incl usive education teacher training programmes, the effect of teachers' gender, age, educational qualification and experience on their competencies and the problems they are facing in practicing inclusive education.

An Assessment of Teacher Training Programmes in Norway with Special Reference to Inclusive Education

The past several years have witnessed an increase in the number of reports tackling the use of plasmid DNA for gene therapy and vaccines. These are used as vectors, for the introduction of genes into the host cells, allowing this immunisation strategy to  be more rapid, simple and to be able to obtain immune responses against native protein antigens with complex structures and skills to obtain both humoral and cellular immune responses without the need for live vectors or complex biochemical techniques. 
N owadays, due to intense R&D, three veterinary DNA vaccines have reached the market. Nonetheless, the accessibility and specific characteristics of the vaccine target may impose barriers along e.g. trafficking and nuclear delivery pathway of the immunogeni c and/or therapeutic genes. Furthermore, the upgrading of antigen presentation into the immune system is equally considered to be fundamental in the development of DNA vaccines, since the localization of the expressed protein can significantly influence t he efficacy of DNA vaccines. 
In order to achieve the protective and therapeutic level for the necessary vaccination efficacy, improved delivery platforms are necessary. These include improvement of the immunological properties of the vector itself (by ad ding antigen-targeting sequences for lysosomes (Lamp), extracellular space (Sc) or endoplasmic reticulum (e1A) or by modification of the polyA signal and origin of replication in order to increase pDNA resistance to nucleases. 
At Nofima, inhibitors of ma mmalian DNases will be sought in selected (sub) Artic marine invertebrates and fish species. Moreover, strategies to extract the desired compounds must be settled as well as the establishment of robust and specific screening assays of bioactivities. In th e end, these combined strategies, as the combined administration of DNA with these molecules, are also sought to increase transfection and expression efficiencies.

Strategies to increase DNA vaccines resistance to nucleases

The aim of the project is studying the computational possibilities for predicting Raman Optical Activity (ROA) and Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) spectra using an anharmonic oscillator model for small organic molecules such as cysteine and camphor.

Anharmonic effects in linear and nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy

In this project, I plan to investigate (and propose a formal analysis based on general principles of natural language) the resultative constructions with a reflexive morpheme, of a type "Karl hostet seg til døren" in three languages (Czech, Norwegian and  Northern Sámi). In particular, there are two questions: where does the notion of direction come from (it is certainly not a part of the lexical meaning of the verb "cough") and, second, what is the role of the reflexive morpheme in the constructions. On t he theoretical side, this investigation should be a contribution to the debate between proponents of the Construction Grammarians and generative syntactitians in the Chomskyan tradition. I, standing on the generativist side, believe that if the correct mo rphological pieces are identified and their syntactic role is pinned down (within CASTL nanosyntactic approach), the role of the reflexive morpheme and the directionality of the construction described above will fall out neatly. I am particularly excited  about the possibility to spend research time at CASTL Tromsø, the residence of leading experts in a variety of topics relevant to the proposed research. Equally, I would have an opportunity to discuss the data both with the native speakers of Norwegian as  well as Northern Sami, an option absolutely unavailable at my home institution.

Resultatives with a Reflexive Morpheme

In cooperative breeding, helpers contribute to raising offspring that are not their own. Despite the success of theories such as kin selection in explaining broad patterns of helping, large amounts of within- and between-individual variation in helping ef fort remains unexplained. Much of this probably represents adaptive fine-tuning of effort according to variation in the costs and benefits of helping. Measures of helper glucocorticoid levels can therefore provide us with a methodological window into such  adaptive flexibility in helping. There have been almost no such investigations to date. The proposed project will use non-invasive and repeated sampling of excreted glucocorticoid metabolites (CM) to investigate patterns of physiological stress associate d with social (agonistic, affiliative) and helping (offspring provisioning and defence) behaviour in Apostlebirds (Struthidea cinerea) at Fowlers Gap, Australia. In the course of two field seasons, more than 1200 observation sessions have been performed i nvolving 20 groups, recording more than 4000 social interactions and 1500 faecal samples have been collected. Now, a detailed analysis of the already existing dataset is planned, the prediction being average levels of helping effort and helper responsiven ess to offspring need to co-vary with individual CM levels. However, CM is expected to be highest in more aggressively involved individuals and lower in individuals involved in more affiliative interactions. Co-variation is predicted between the frequenci es of social behaviours and helping effort within and between groups. This project therefore represents the most detailed investigation yet into the physiological and behavioural mechanisms behind such adaptive helping behaviours. It will also show how he lping effort in both care and defence of young is embedded within the context of wider affiliative and agonistic social interactions between group members.

Socially and corticosterone mediated differences in
individual helping behaviour in a cooperatively breeding bird

Northern palsa peatlands and permafrost landscapes are already subjected to distinct geomorphological and biogeochemical changes due to the atmospheric warming as it is predicted to occur faster and stronger especially in the northern latitudes. It is als o known that these environments harbor a huge amount of carbon. This enormous storage is thought to have a considerable influence on the release of methane (CH4). Methane is produced by methanogenic archaea as the terminal step in the decomposition of org anic matter. CH4 is also known as a very potent greenhouse gas. Recent methane measurements in summer 2010 in the Bøttemyra palsa peatland in Finnmark (Northern Norway) indicated already a high methanogenic activity. Palsa systems are therefore ideal in s itu models for investigating the effects of permafrost degradation. So far, there is no information about the microbial communities in these systems. Culture-independent techniques became the method of choice to study methanogenic communities from environ mental samples. Only a few studies have used qPCR for the quantification of methanogenic archaea using the mcrA gene. As the mcrA gene is a conserved functional gene, it is also ideal to link phylogeny with activity. So far, no transcriptomic study based  on the mcrA messenger RNA has been conducted for both qualitative as well as quantitative investigations to determine the active part of the methanogenic community in subarctic terrestrial environments. The objective of the proposed work is to combine est ablished soil geochemical and state-of-the-art molecular methods as well as statistical tools to describe the spatial highly heterogenic palsa ecosystem regarding the methanogenic communities. Therefore, different stages of soil succession and degradation  in a subarctic peatland will be investigated to determine the community structure and abundance of active methanogenic archaea using next generation 454 pyrosequencing and qPCR.

Community dynamics of methanogenic archaea in a rapidly changing peatland ecosystem in the zone of discontinuous permafrost in North-Norway

Present-day English has two demonstrative determiners, that (plural those) and this (plural these). This denotes a referent close to the speaker (proximal), that one that is farther removed from the speaker (distal). The proximity difference is responsibl e for different, complementary uses in present-day English. For example, only this can point forward in the discourse: he spoke these words: "I am the rightful king" but not, he spoke *those words: "I am the rightful king". Historical studies often gratui tously presume that the same proximity contrast characterizes the demonstrative determiners in earlier stages of English. However, etymological information suggests the difference is not part of the original semantics of this and that, but instead develop ed gradually starting in Middle English. It is hypothesized that the distinction was borrowed from Norse, which at that time had a similar opposition, in northern dialects of English and henceforth spread to other regions. The aim of this project is to ca rry out an in-depth study of the different uses and types of textual relations expressed by this and that in Middle English on the basis of samples from the Middle English Grammar Project corpus (compiled at the University of Stavanger). The study will di fferentiate between different regional varieties of English in order to look into the hypothesis that dialects under the influence of Norse are the breeding ground for the proximity contrast. I will split up the period into sub-periods in order to track d iachronic changes to semantics and distribution. One of the main research interests of the Middle English Grammar project at Stavanger is the charting of regional variation in Middle English. Its supervisor Merja Stenroos is studying the gender- and case- marked forms of the demonstratives in Early Middle English. A research stay at the University of Stavanger would allow me to benefit directly from these points of expertise during the execution of my research.

Semantic complementarity and the use of the demonstrative determiners this and that in Middle English

The Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no) has a portfolio of ongoing research projects related to  oil spill modelling at sea. These projects would benefit from improved integration. The NorSpill project (PETROMAKS) will give a new oil spill predict ion system for Norway, while OilWave (PETROMAKS) and BioWave (HavKyst) are focused on improving the understanding of the air-wave-ocean coupling and its importance for the so called Stokes drift and trajectory modelling at sea. SWIM (HavKyst) seeks to fur ther develop a method for statistical oil drift modelling. Finally, DrivBar is financed by the BarentsWatch programme (regjeringen.no) and will significantly increase the area of the operational oil drift model at met.no to include the entire North Atlant ic and Barents Sea between Greenland and Novaja Semlja. NorSpill and DrivBar are lead by Lars R. Hole. OilWave is lead by Gøran Brostrøm and BioWave by Kai H. Christensen. The projects have economical support from Oil companies Statoil and ENI and the Nor wegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies (NOFO) and involves close collaboration in institutions such as Sintef Marintek (OilWave and NorSpill) and the Institute of Marine Research (BioWave). 

Here we propose a student exchange at met.no wit h the Russian State Hydrometeorological University to enhance the integration of these projects. Surface drifter data from the Norwegian Sea (including Lofoten/Vesterålen) and Barents Sea collected during scientific cruises financed by BioWave, OilWave an d DrivBar will be compared with statistical oil drift simulations. Strengthened collaboration between Russia and Norway to improve methods for modelling environmental effects of oil activities in the Barents region is important for PETROMAKS and BarentsWa tch and is also mentioned as a goal in NorSpill.

Validation of statistical oil drift simulations for the Barents Sea using surface drifter data

Micro and nanoplastics in the marine environment are new environmental hazards whose pernicious effects on biota are still largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that these particles may be ingested by invertebrate and fish. Furthermore, these particl es have been shown to adsorb environmental chemicals and thus toxicological interactions may occur. Three hypotheses will be tested in the present study: (i) ingested microplastics may be passed from prey (zooplankton) to predators (fish); (ii) PAHs adsor bed to nanoplastics are able to induce toxic effects on fish after exposure through food; and (iii) toxicological interactions between nanoplastics and PAHs occur in fish exposed through contaminated food.

Combined effects of nanoplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on zooplankton-fish interactions

In 2010, an excellent relationship of work was born between the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the Mexican University of Guanajuato (UG) when a successful energy recovery project was developed and applied to a fluid catalytic cr acking plant. The obtained scientific advances have encouraged the need for continuing this project and sharing future achievements. In this new version, the project is looking into a very important topical area: energy savings in distillation; a major en ergy consumer in the process industries. The implementation of practical constraints in thermal integration projects will enable to obtain designs of distillation systems with an adequate operation performance in terms of controllability and stability. Th erefore, funding is requested for travelling, housing and first need expenses of the PhD student. The Department of Energy and Process Engineering at the host institution will make available facilities such as office space, internet and computer network a ccess, printers and copying machines.

Use of Practical Constraints in the Design of Processes with Thermal Integration

Malaria is heterogeneously distributed in 13 endemic districts of Bangladesh, potentially as a result of variations in ecological settings, socio-economic status, land cover, and agricultural practices. Malaria control relies in Bangladesh only on treatme nt and supply of bed nets. It is highly endemic in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) which is covered with forests and hills. Major transmission takes place during the rainy season. Models using hydrological, climatic and topographic variables for the predicti on of malaria transmission have never been developed for Bangladesh. Due to the unique ecological settings in CHT, hydrological models developed in other parts of the world, particularly in Africa, are neither feasible nor cost effective for Bangladesh. I n general, any model should consider environmental and entomological risk factors, bed net coverage and usage, health facilities, malaria control efforts, and other socio economic information. Currently, no such model exists anywhere, and such a model wou ld risk becoming overly complicated. A model based on local ecology and risk factors is essential for malaria control in the CHT, Bangladesh. This project aims to develop a risk model using hydrological, topographic, climatic, and entomological parameters . The model will be capable to simulate overland flow, pooling and evaporation from open water bodies. Runoff will be estimated using runoff ratios or a curve number approach. Inundations will be estimated from runoff patterns and local topography. The mo del will help explain malaria risk on a small-scale. The major outcomes will be an easy to use hydrological-malaria model and increased knowledge of malaria risk factors in the CHT in Bangladesh. Knowledge arising from this project will be invaluable for  research capacity development on malaria control in Bangladesh. The proposed model will be instrumental for Bangladesh to assist in forecasting, improve malaria control decisions, and reduce disease outcome.

Modeling of malaria risk using hydrological, topographic, and climatic variables in Bangladesh

The basis of this study rests on the examination of the type material of all previously described Labrundinia species (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), including species deposited in national and foreign museums. Field work has been carried o ut in Brazil to collect more specimens and to secure associations between larvae, pupae and adults. Identification keys will be developed for all life stages. Morphological and molecular analysis will be conducted to infer phylogenetic relationships among  all species of the genus. Dr. Torbjørn Ekrem, from the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology (Trondheim, Norway) will supervise this part of the PhD-thesis. The results will hopefully allow the implementation of biogeographical analyses on the most p robable phylogeny of genus.

Systematics and biogeography of Labrundinia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae): a morphological and molecular approach

Proposed project deals with an assessment of possible utilization of selected recycled grained materials within the railway track bed. Geometrical, physical and mechanical parameters determined in compliance with European Standards will be used as a crite rion. The aggregates will be loaded by the large-scale triaxial testing apparatus. Variation of key parameters of aggregates depending on the quantity of performed load repetitions will be investigated. Two groups of aggregates with different grain size a nd different way of utilization within the track bed will be tested. It will be aggregates for sub-ballast with grain size 0mm to 31.5mm and aggregates for railway ballast with grain size 31.5mm to 63mm. The major part of tested materials will be transpor ted from the Czech Republic. Selected recycled materials and new natural aggregates as a referential material will be tested. Furthermore, a sample of aggregates originated in Norway will be tested to be compared with materials from the Czech Republic. 

 The objectives of the project are:

- determination of the deformation modulus and key geometrical and physical parameters of the aggregates,
- assessment of impact of cyclic load on above-mentioned parameters of the aggregates,
- comparison of materials  with different origin and grading (which is used in the Czech Republic and Norway).

Anticipated application of the project findings:

- degradation of natural aggregates loaded with cyclic load will be determined,
- repeated-load response of recycled agg regates will be determined,
- deformation modulus of the aggregates will be determined and compared with values given in regulation SZDC S4 "Railway substructure" issued by the Czech Railway Infrastructure Administration,
- results can be used as compleme ntation of results of research which is currently performed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (comparison of parameters of aggregates for railway ballast from 9 different Norwegian quarries).

Comparison of properties of natural and recycled aggregates for ballast and sub-ballast

Natural history collections preserve a record of biodiversity in time and space within their archives of carefully described and catalogued reference specimens. However, they also contain a further resource; the numerous poorly-known parasitic and symbiot ic taxa collected unwittingly and preserved in situ with their hosts. Many of these smaller organisms have been overlooked without ever attracting attention on their own right. 
The NHM includes a substantial fish collection from around the world, includi ng areas which have been little sampled for their monogenean fauna. This Yggdrasil project will therefore set out to screen the international fish collection of NHM Oslo, to identify monogenean parasites co-incidentally collected with their hosts, and to  describe these using state-of-the-art morphometrics and molecular markers. This project will allow to applicant to extend her skills in this area, and to receive training in the use of molecular methods in taxonomy with particular emphasis on with the suc cessful analysis of degraded DNA.

New parasites from old fish

The so-called Rif War was a harsh conflict that involved Morocco, Spain and France between 1921 and 1927. This conflict had a terrible human cost for all belligerents involved in it, especially for the northern Moroccan tribes of the Rif region. The estim ated total death toll amounted to several tens of thousands, plus many more wounded and diseased. The harshness of combats, the intense use of conventional and unconventional weapons (for example, chemical weapons), the apparent decalage between the Riffi an irregular forces and the French and Spanish regular armies also helped to foster international debates about humanitarian action and the limits of colonialism. That is why, from the very start, a number of national and international charities became in volved in the effort to provide medical care, drug supply or food relief to the war parties. The international impact of the Rif War went beyond those countries more directly involved in it to reach others without relevant strategic or economic interests  in the area, especially after the Riffian offensive of the spring of 1925 and the subsequent counter-offensive of France and Spain. In Scandinavian countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark) the impact was especially oriented towards the humanitarian aspects of  the conflict, especially those regarding the weakest party: the Riffians. In this sense, the situation was a clear precedent for humanitarian debates and initiatives in later conflicts such as the Ethiopian War (1935-1936) and the Spanish Civil War (1936- 1939). More specifically, the project intends to clarify the following issues through archival and bibliographic research: 1) Public debates on humanitarianism in the Rif War in Norway and Sweden in 1925-1926. 2) The role of the Norwegian and the Swedish  Red Crosses in relation to the Rif War in 1925-1926. 3) The diplomatic relations of the Norwegian and Swedish governments with those of France and Spain in 1925-1926.

THE RIF WAR IN SCANDINAVIA: HUMANITARIAN ACTORS, DEBATES AND INITIATIVES (1925-1926)

The ascidian, C. intestinalis is one of the most common modern urochordates that represent one
of the closest invertebrate relatives of vertebrates. For many years, ascidians have been proposed as good
experimental model organisms, due to the typical mosa ic development where embryogenic cell fate is well
established and a simple body plan, that represent a good model for studies on differentiation and cell-cell
interaction of the central nerve system, muscles, and sensory organs. Many endocrine organs and  hormonereceptor
systems are conserved among vertebrates, but the identification of corresponding systems in
protostomes have proved difficult. Thus, this species provides a unique opportunity to gaining insight into
the hormonal signaling pathways of cho rdates and their relatedness to vertebrate hormones. In addition,
identification and availability of these hormones in chordates will also provide more insights on signal
transduction pathways prior to the large-scale genome duplication processes that are  universally believed to
have occurred twice during an evolutionary process and are integral aspects of early stages of vertebrate
evolution. In addition to their evolutionary positioning, the ascidians are simple experimental models to
investigate the mo lecular mechanisms underlying the effects of environmental pollutants on the endocrine
systems. Therefore, Ciona hormones and their relatedness to vertebrate hormones provide a unique
opportunity to determine which of the vertebrate endocrine pathways tha t may have been present in ancient
chordates. Thus, hormonal modulation by an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) such as TBT, will form a
solid basis for a realistic extrapolation of endocrine disrupting effects across taxonomic groups and phyla.

Validation of a GC-MS method for screening of chemically-induced modulation of steroid
hormones in Ciona intestinalis

The goal of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is to generate energy densities and temperatures high enough to create a plasma of quarks and gluons called the quark-gluon plasma. For heavy-ion experiments to have the greatest possible impact on scienc e, it is essential to make as close a connection to the fundamental theory of QCD as possible. There is an urgent need for theoretical analysis that is based rigorously on QCD but which can also make contact with more phenomenological approaches, particul arly in the area of equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of QCD at intermediate coupling. Transport coefficients, such as the heavy quark diffusion, plasma viscosity, and jet transport, are of great interest along the research line since they are theo retically clean and well defined non-equilibrium dynamical quantities. Unfortunately, at finite-temperature naively resummed perturbation theory shows very poor convergence for both thermodynamics and non-equilibrium dynamics. It is clear that a reorganiz ation of the perturbation series is essential if perturbative calculations are to be of any quantitative use at temperatures accessible in heavy-ion collisions. Among varies resummation schemes, hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory (HTLpt) is a systemati c and gauge invariant reorganization of the conventional perturbation expansion for QCD that selectively resums higher order effects related to quasiparticles and screening. It has been shown through recent three-loop calculations that HTLpt improves the  convergence of thermodynamic quantities dramatically compared to naively resummed perturbation theory. HTLpt is formulated in Minkowski space, so its application to non-equilibrium dynamics is straightforward. Therefore I propose generalizing HTLpt to rea l-time dynamics and the systematic application of HTLpt to non-equilibrium yields gauge-invariant infrared-safe results for observables which otherwise would be plagued by infrared divergences and gauge variance.

Real-time dynamics of thermal field theories at intermediate coupling

Monotony and non-negativity play a key role in understanding many processes and related physical constraints in biological and medical sciences as well as various engineering areas. Roughly speaking, the corresponding models are composed of homogeneous in terconnected subsystems which exchange variable nonnegative quantities of material with conservation laws describing transfer, accumulation, and outflows between compartments and the environment subject to appropriate partial order relations. A key physic al limitation of such systems is that transfer between subsystems is not instantaneous, and realistic models for capturing the dynamics of such systems should account for material, energy, or information in transit between compartments, and delay models c an be used to represent such dynamical behaviours. Hence, to accurately describe the evolution of compartmental systems, it is necessary to include in any mathematical model of the system dynamics some information about the past system states. This of cou rse leads to (infinite-dimensional) delay dynamical systems. The aim of this project is to better understand the effects induced by the presence of delays on the corresponding dynamics and to use Model Predictive Control (MPC) as control strategy to accou nt for the operational and structural constraints in this framework.

The first objective is to fill in the gap between monotone systems and systems with delay, to designing a comprehensive theory of cooperative nonlinear systems with delays and in partic ular to the nonnegative systems.

Second, we will focus on nonlinear systems which can be stabilized by control laws with delay and adapt the prediction mechanisms to this class of dynamics. 

Our last objective will be the extension of the results obtain ed for time-delay systems to the specific class of hybrid systems called NCS systems (Networked Control Systems).

Extension of the theory of monotone systems to cope with transmission delays. Adaptation of the predictive control design.

Dette prosjektet har til hensikt å undersøke hvilke aspekter som er mest konstituerende for skapelsesforestillinger rundt 1900, og ønsker ut over dette å lansere et nytt begrep i stedet for skapelse: frambringelse. Fenomenet "frambringelse" som viser tilb ake til det aristoteliske poiesis tar utgangspunkt i et grunnleggende aspekt av både (menneskets) tilværelse og tekstualitet: Subjektets forsinkelse overfor dets egen skapelsesakt og skapningens maktesløshet overfor sin umulighet til å vende tilbake til s kapelsens opprinnelse. Skapningen er bestandig konkurransens andremann. Men hvem er det som er førstemann? Med tittelen Frambringelsens estetikk tar prosjektet utgangspunkt i endringene i filosofiens utøving av estetisk kritikk og undersøker konsekvensene  for den modernistiske litteraturen som ikke lenger ser på skapelse som et guddommelig privilegium. Den faglige hovedmålsetningen er å utforske vekselvirkningene mellom religiøse, (populær)vitenskaplige, naturvitenskaplige og genealogiske frambringelsesfo restillinger og estetikk, nærmere bestemt litteratur. Avhandlingen tar sikte på å undersøke på hvilken måte de banebrytende ideene som preget 1900-tallets filosofi og estetisk teori kan forstås som en sekularisering av teologiske begreper (Kant, Nietzsche , Blumenberg) eller som en estetisk simplifisering av vitenskapelige premisser (Darwin, de Lamarck, Mendel m.fl.). For å utforske frambringelses-begrepet tar jeg utgangspunkt i romaner fra 1900-tallet, bl.a. Hamsuns "Sult" som underkastes en semantisk ana lyse basert på (post)religiøse mønstre. I Strindbergs "I havsbandet" undersøker jeg i hvilken grad sosialdarwinistiske idéer om seleksjon, nietzscheanske fantasmer og Frankenstein-komplekset spiller en avgjørende rolle. Først på bakgrunn av disse semantis ke grensene blir det mulig å analysere 1900-tallets oscillerende forståelse av det å frambringe, og forskningsresultatene prosjektet skal oppnå vil utgjøre et nytt og vesentlig bidrag innenfor modernitetsforskning.

Frambringelsens estetikk. Lesninger av Knut Hamsuns Sult, August Strindbergs I havsbandet og Thomas Manns Buddenbrooks.

The main objective is direct measurements of vitamin D3 formation in vitro under sunlight and artificial UV sources in parallel with measurements of vitamin D3 generation in healthy volunteers using "vitamin D dosimeter" and additional physical instrument s. The most recent in vitro methods, which will include experiments in modeling media with serum proteins, allow to make a next significant step in understanding of vitamin D3 synthesis in vivo. The results obtained will be useful for comparative analysis  of different types of UV radiation sources and for prognosis of UV exposure conditions for obtaining the optimal vitamin D3 status.

Photomedicine and photobiology of vitamin D

Wittgenstein's "Tractatus", one of the most influential books in twentieth-century philosophy, contains a paradox that outlines the problem of the logico-syntactic well-formedness of any categorial distinctions. It was not until most recently that the vie w that successfully handling this paradox is the key to a proper interpretation of the "Tractatus" has prevailed in discussions. Earlier, however, Rudolf Carnap, the prominent representative of logical empiricism, had already made an original and serious  attempt at solving this paradox by means of his 'syntactical' method, based exactly on deploying some of Wittgenstein's fundamental ideas, especially those regarding the nature of the so-called formal concepts (paradigmatically logical categories). No det ailed studies have been realized so far on this systematically important development of ideas in the history of analytic philosophy as it could be discerned in the line from Frege and Russell, through Wittgenstein to Carnap.

The goal of the research proj ect "Wittgenstein's Doctrine of Formal Concepts and Its Reinterpretation in Logical Empiricism" is to provide a detailed and comprehensive study of Carnap's reception (during his syntactical phase) of early Wittgenstein's basic conceptions with regard to  the character of categorial distinctions. This project also aims at a systematic result that would consist of throwing a new light on the language of logical analysis by putting to use the history of its own thematization. These contributions to the histo rical and systematic investigation of early analytic philosophy would be made accessible through both the seminars and the publications planned in the research project.

Wittgenstein's Doctrine of Formal Concepts and Its Reinterpretation in Logical Empiricism

Branding was the tool of the brand owner before the advent of social media and mass advertising used to profile a brand image in the consumers' head. Brand communication was monologic and the consumer was trapped as a passive recipient of the content. The  development of social media has begun to dissipate the boundary between brand owner and the consumer as the brand user. This has a fundamental effect on CRM branding.

In the course of their increased communicative power, consumers become an active part  in the CRM branding process. As a basic hypothesis, it can be stated that social media democratizes and the consumer can now be regarded as a prosumer. Swarm branding means that companies lose their claim to leadership. They have the concern that the bran d image dilutes and the brand DNA takes on a life of its own. Swarm branding means that management has to swing between self-creation and co-creation.

In the case of CRM, social media might indeed aid in reducing consumers' skepticism towards CRM claims  because of gained familiarity with the CRM programme in the process of participating in the branding process and in relevant consumers' social networks. 

The following four hypotheses are the main research guidelines for the project:

If a brand owner of fers a relevant and inspiring narrative infrastructure (online and/or offline) consumers will use this structure for creating their own brand content.

If consumers get involved in the conversation there should be different levels of involvement to inspir e and deepen the co-creation.

The higher the level of involvement and the depth of co-creation, the lower the skepticism towards the CRM campaign.

Even if cultures/nations have a high level of consensus (Norway and Germany in terms of Hofstede's cultura l dimensions) the brand narratives must be adapted to the specific cultural background to bond and involve the relevant consumers into the swarm and cause-related conversation.

The Relevance of Cultural Differences for Swarm Branding: Reducing Skepticism towards Cause-Related Marketing or Cause-Related Branding?

The project aims at studying the interaction mechanisms of inorganic/organic nanoparticles with amyloid beta-peptides. Metal nanoparticles coated with photosensitizers will be produced and tested as aggregation inhibitors of amyloid-beta peptide, which ca use formation of neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Nanoparticle response to infrared radiation will be studied to determine whether nanoparticles emit light and if they are able to destroy amyloid aggregates. 
The innovative aspects of the project  are the use of radiation and nanoparticles of non-toxic metals to inhibiting oligomer formation and fibrillogenesis. The metal particles are being studied as adjuncts to radiotherapy for cancer but were never tested, in combination with radiation, for Alz heimer's disease.

Nanoparticle-mediated disruption of amyloid aggregates

Individuals recounting intense musical encounters commonly describe a feeling of oneness with others, their surroundings and the music, sometimes speaking of losing themselves in the moment or even becoming possessed by an external force. Such experiences , interpreted by some to be supernatural phenomena, have been variously theorised in terms of music's ability to induce boundary loss, coupling, trance, entrainment and flow states. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism that contribute t o such phenomena. The aim of this project is to engineer musical situations which deliberately blur the perceptual boundaries of self/other for music-makers and listeners, drawing from perceptual psychology and collaborating with musicians and performance  artists based in Stavanger, Norway. The planned outputs include a series of performances, lecture recitals, and a joint/single authored academic paper. Another legacy will be lasting professional relationships and interdisciplinary partnerships with rese archers from diverse academic and artistic backgrounds in Norway and the UK. This research is likely to be of interest to a broad audience. Apart from contributing artistically to my community of practice, it will offer insights to others interested in pe rceptually-informed approaches to music-making. Finally, the project has the potential to shed light on mechanisms of human agency and conscious experience, further serving to demonstrate and make accessible important psychological concepts to a wider pub lic.

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“Ja, de penga” - en podcast om kroner og øre

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