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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosj.st. hum og sam fordelt på år

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Doktorgradstipendiat

EUI - 1. og 2. halvdel av det 4. år. The Discourse of Death in PKK´s Ideology

Når du bruker en skje til å blande melk eller sukker i kaffen, dannes en rekke virvelbevegelser. Dette er et enkelt eksempel på turbulens. Turbulens er en sammensetning av en rekke slike virvelbevegelser med forskjellig størrelse og styrke, som alle foregår samtidig. Selv om de fleste forstår hvordan man skal blande sukker inn i kaffen, vet vi enda ikke hvilke egenskaper ved turbulens som fører til den beste blandeprosessen.
 
Ved å forstå slike blandeprosesser bedre, kan vi nærme oss en løsning på flere problemstillinger. Blant annet vil vi kunne forbedre effektiviteten til kjølesystemer i kraftproduksjon, og kunnskapen kan også brukes til å skille CO2 fra atmosfæren. Disse anvendelsene vil både redusere belastningen på miljøet rundt oss, samtidig som det kan redusere kostnader for bedrifter og enkeltpersoner.  Å forstå blandeprosesser er også viktig for det globale klimasystemet vårt, da havene er det største lagret av CO2 på jorda, samtidig som de krever O2 fra atmosfæren for å opprettholde liv.

WallMix fokuserte på den grunnleggende strømningsmekanikken som driver blandeprosessene. Vi gjennomførte eksperimenter i de nye fasilitetene ved NTNU, en åpen vannkanal og en lukket luftkanal. Begge disse fasilitetene hadde aktive gitter ved innløpene som lot oss styre turbulensintensiteten i eksperimentet.  Det aktive gitteret besto av stenger med diamantformede vinger festet til dem. Motorer spinner disse stengene med vinger i forhåndsbestemte sekvenser som skaper turbulens når vannet eller lufta passerer gjennom dem. Intensiteten av turbulensen kan justeres ved å justere sekvensen vingene beveger seg i. Laserdiagnostikk ble deretter brukt til å måle hastighetsfeltet i kanalene for å kunne si noe om både miksingen og turbulensen.

Vi så at mer intens turbulens, sørger for hurtigere miksing. Mekanismen bak hvorfor det er slik var ikke det vi først forventet. Vår hypotese var at turbulensen ville bryte opp lagene som naturlig dannes i fluidet og dermed bidra til en hurtigere miksing. Selv om dette stemte, så vi at miksing økte fordi turbulens økte den naturlige diffusjonen av passive elementer som føres med fluidet, for eksempel fargestoffer. Etter å ha observert dette, gjennomførte vi eksperimenter i vannkanalen der vannoverflaten er i kontakt med lufts og kan dermed absorbere luftmolekylene, for eksempel O2 og CO2. Ved å endre turbulensintensiteten i vannet, mens overflaten var relativt uforstyrret, så vi at det var mulig å endre absorbsjonsraten O2 ble tatt opp i vannet med 30%. Dette greide vi å oppnå kun ved å endre turbulensintensitet. Denne oppdagelsen er viktig fordi globale klimamodeller vanligvis behandler absorbsjonsraten gasser løser seg opp i havet med som en konstant. En endring på 30 % kunne ha drastiske konsekvenser for modeller og prognoser. I tillegg, for karbonfangstsystemer der en ønsker at så mye CO2-holdig luft som mulig skal interagere med overflaten hvor CO2 blir absorbert, har vi vist at turbulensintensiteten har betydelig innvirkning.

Turbulence is omnipresent in engineering flows of practical interest, yet it remains one of the last unsolved problems in classical mechanics. This project seeks to illuminate how turbulence facilitates mixing in a channel. The fundamental research question is straightforward, the possible applications are extensive, and the answer lies in a thorough understanding of the underlying fluid mechanics, making this an ideal basic research project. The research question is: if flow is moving through a channel, how does one mix a substance released in the centre of that channel to the walls in the shortest distance from the release point. The solution lies in a synergy of three areas of contemporary research in fluid mechanics: (i) the generation of bespoke turbulent flows, (ii) instantaneous turbulent structures, and (iii) scalar transport in turbulent flows. Understanding this basic phenomenon has far-reaching repercussions for all in-line mixers. For instance, fluid cooling systems rely on cold fluid being transported toward a surface and warm fluid being transported away. Optimising this process will result in smaller reactors and less energy consumed in the cooling process. Measurements will be conducted in the new water channel at NTNU using simultaneous particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence. A range of turbulent flows will be generated with an active grid and by the end of the project a conceptual model will be produced that describes the optimal parameters to transport a scalar to the walls of the channel in the shortest distance. In addition to the PI, the project will employ a PhD student and a post-doctoral fellow. It will also involve international collaboration with partners in the UK.

Near-wall mixing by free-stream turbulence

I dette prosjektet har vi beregnet karbon- og andre ressursfotavtrykk for byer og lokale myndigheter.
Da prosjektet startet, var ideen om en Scope 3-vurdering av karbon- eller biodiversitetsfotavtrykk for en by en original idé. Nå, flere år senere, er begrepet vanlig ved store institutter som World Resource Institute og C40.
Opprinnelig hadde dette prosjektet som mål å utarbeide detaljerte Scope 3-tabeller for byer. Det har vi gjort.
Vi og andre som jobber med dette har lært er at det ikke er nok å beskrive byers fotavtrykk i detalj. Målet med den opprinnelige tilnærmingen var å undersøke fotavtrykket til individuelle husholdninger og skalere det til bynivå. Gjennom prosjektarbeidet og lærdom fra andre i feltet erfarte vi at private husholdninger kanskje ikke er det beste stedet å fokusere. I stedet er det (a) byformens struktur, dvs. transportmåtene, byggeforskriftene, oppdelingen i soner og atferdsmessige oppfordringer som kan ha større innvirkning på et individs fotavtrykk enn hens private beslutninger, og (b) for de fleste byer, anbefaler utøvere i økende grad at byen fokuserer på Scope 1, 2 og 3 fotavtrykk av sin egen kommunale virksomhet siden myndighetene har mye kontroll over det, og lite kontroll over private husholdninger.
Vårt opprinnelige forskningsspørsmål var: Er det mønstre i den arealmessige og sosioøkonomiske fordelingen av karbonfotavtrykk? Det er lettere å iverksette tiltak når det er fokusert på bestemte grupper eller områder av økonomien. Vi ser etter slike alternativer for intervensjon for byer og lokale myndigheter. Tiltak bør justeres til byens demografi og region: noen steder bør karboneffektiv transport, dvs. transitt, sykler og bilfrie områder prioriteres, mens det i andre områder kan være oppgradering av bygninger, energieffektiviseringstiltak eller grønne elektrisitetsstandarder mer viktig. Prosjektet undersøkte dette spørsmålet gjennom artikler som ga høyoppløselige resultater for by-fotavtrykk i Japan, India, Australia og EU (kommer).
I forbindelse med dette prosjektet har vi også publisert en oversikt som estimerer direkte Scope 1 CO2-utslipp for 108 000 byer i Europa: https://openghgmap.net

Many towns in Norway have a city forest ("bymarka" in Norwegian) where city-dwellers can go to connect with nature. But not all cities have such a close connection to nature. Most cities drive large environmental footprints not just directly outside of the city limits, but globally. Increasingly, individuals, together with their governments and the companies that link them to primary producers, want to contribute to reducing their overall environmental footprint. 

A disproportionately large share of global environmental pressure is driven by wealthy cities and suburbs. It is estimated that up to nearly half of the global carbon is footprint is driven by the 10% of top earners, those making more than $7500 per year. Individuals can take steps to reduce their environmental impact, but typically two-thirds of a household’s total carbon footprint is governed by institutional factors (e.g. transport modes, building stock, public infrastructure). While national-level policies are undoubtedly critical to GHG mitigation, it is often up to local communities to implement actions. Considering their total supply-chain footprint gives new opportunities for communities to contribute to reducing their GHG footprint.

However, most cities and states do not know anything about the carbon footprints within their jurisdiction. Undertaking studies on this is laborious and expensive. In this research project we will use advanced data-integration techniques to estimate the geodemographic distribution of carbon and other resource footprints at a neighborhood level globally, and provide these results to city and state-level governments. 

This project integrates perspectives from consumer behavior psychology, economics, and engineering, and the outputs from this work will be useful both for practical applications, through consulting applications, and for research in the disciplines of economics, geography, political science, sociology, and urban planning, among others.

FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosj.st. hum og sam

EUI - 1. og 2. halvdel av det 4. år. The Discourse of Death in PKK´s Ideology

Awarded: NOK 0.26 mill.

Funding scheme:

FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosj.st. hum og sam

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics