2007

2006

Portefølje Naturvitenskap og teknologi ikon

The research system

Portefølje Humaniora og samfunnsvitenskap ikon

Ground-breaking research

Portefølje Samisk ikon

Sámi society and culture

Portefølje Demokrati, styring og fornyelse ikon

Democracy and global development

Portefølje Velferd, kultur og samfunn ikon

Welfare, culture and society

Portefølje Helse ikon

Health

Portefølje Klima- og polarforskning ikon

Climate and environment

Portefølje Landbasert mat, miljø og bioressurser ikon

Land-based food, the environment and bioresources

Portefølje Energi, transport og lavutslipp ikon

Energy and transport

Portefølje Muliggjørende teknologier ikon

Enabling technologies

Portefølje Industri og tjenestenæringer ikon

Innovation

LTP Climate, environment and environmentally friendly energy

Climate and loss of natural diversity

Internationalization

Societal security and civil preparedness

Renewal in the public sector

Velferdstjenester

Frontpage Image

Marine icon

Petroleum og mineraler

LTP Hav ikon

Oceans and coastal areas

LTP2 Muliggjørende og industrielle teknologier ikon

Enabling and industrial technologies

Trust and community

Professional environment

High quality and accessibility

LTP Climate

Strengthened competitiveness and innovation capacity

LPT Health

 An innovative business community

LTP3 Helse

Portefolje Petroleum Ikon

Portefølje Hav ikon

Portefølje Utdanning og kompetanse ikon

Portefølje Global utvikling og internasjonale relasjoner ikon

Portefølje Livsvitenskap ikon

LTP2 Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne ikon

LTP2 Utvikle fagmiljøer av fremragende kvalitet

LTP2 Samfunnssikkerhet og samhørighet ikon

LTP2 Fornyelse i offentlig sektor ikon

LTP2 Klima, miljø og miljøvennlig energi ikon

Forsidebilde optimalisert

project-bank-technical

Et innovativt næringsliv ikon

Muliggjørende teknologier bakgrunn

Marin bakgrunnsbilde

Marin ikon

Forsidebilde

Statistics

Prosjektbanken presenterer statistikk og informasjon om prosjekter med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet fra 2004. Statistikken er fordelt på blant annet tema, år, geografi og organisasjon. Prosjektbanken gir også detaljert informasjon om de enkelte prosjektene.

...or see the summary and other information about the projects you have selected

Portfolios

En god beskrivelse av denne siden for søkemotoroptimalisering

Forside

How the grants are distributed between organisations, counties, subject areas etc....

Here are some examples of searches you can perform in the Project Databank

All long term plan objectives

About Text Queries

No thematic area or topic related to the project

has received funding in the programme period

No popular science description is available

have received funding in the programme period

The project with project number {{project number}} was not found

Technical description

Woops, something went wrong. Please refresh the page. If the error persists, please contact us.

We could not find what you were looking for

See statistics related to this LTP objective

See projects related to this LTP objective

related to this LTP objective have received grants

has been granted to projects related to this LTP objective

has been granted to projects related to this portfolio

related to this portfolio have received grants

About Prosjektbanken

Nærings- og handelsd

Ukjent

Landbruks- og matdep

Kunnskapsdepartement

Landbruks- og fiskerifag

Teknologi

Samfunnsvitenskap

Akershus

Oslo

Trøndelag - Trööndelage

Innlandet

Buskerud

Telemark

Ukjent Fylke

Vestland

Møre og Romsdal

UoH-sektor

Instituttsektor

Næringsliv

Øvrige

Brukerstyrte innovasjonsprogrammer

Programmer

Frittstående prosjekter

Nettverkstiltak

Infrastruktur og institusjonelle tiltak

Forvaltning

Diverse FoU-relaterte aktiviteter

Felleskostnader

Sverige

Finland

Frankrike

Sveits

Storbritannia

Østerrike

Danmark

Innovasjonsprosjekt

Forskerprosjekt

Kompetanse- og samarbeidsprosjekt

Diverse personlige stipend (t.o.m. 2018)

Institusjonsforankret strategisk prosjekt (t.o.m. 2018)

Annen støtte (t.o.m. 2019)

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på år

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Ultrasonic polymer transducers applied to microplastics in water

Skogbrann er en naturlig del av kretsløpet i skog, men innebærer store biologiske og kjemiske forandringer i skogøkosystemet. Brenning har vært foreslått som et forvaltningstiltak for opprettholdelse av biodiversitet, men både ut fra biologiske, miljømess ige og økonomiske hensyn er det viktig å vite hvilke konsekvenser brann har på biologiske og kjemiske prosesser i ulike typer skog og som følge av ulik grad av hardhet under en brann. Prosjektets mål er å fylle vesentlige huller i vår kunnskap om virkning er av kontrollert brenning i skog, spesielt mht langsiktige effekter av kraftig skogbrann på jordsmonn, vegetasjon og fauna. Sentrale resultat-parametre er tap av karbon og næringsstoffer i jord, og dynamikken og artssammensetning av vegetasjon og fauna s om rekoloniserer brent skog. Disse vil  på lengre sikt også påvirke skogens produksjonsevne. Prosjektet bygger videre på et prosjekt der et felt ble brent under kontrollerte forhold i 2002. Forsøksfeltet er unikt da dette er første gang det har vært utfør t en kontrollert skogbrann på et nedbørsfelt hvor vegetasjon, soppflora og insektsfauna og jord har blitt undersøkt på forhånd, og der brannintensiteten nå er kartlagt i detalj for fem vegetasjonstyper og tre ulike hogstregimer. På grunn av problemer med å brenne feltet i de første årene av prosjektet, har perioden for målinger etter brannen vært så kort (18 mnd) at vi ikke kan si noe om dynamikken i sentrale parametre som rekolonisering (vegetasjon, fauna), næringsutvasking, mikrobiell respirasjon etc., som det opprinnelige prosjektet tok sikte på å kartlegge. Prosjektet har tidligere mottat en betydelig finansiering fra NFR, men uten å innhente data fra flere år etter brannen er det umulig å karakterisere nevnte parametre på en meningsfull måte. En besk jeden investering i ytterligere 3 år vil dermed gi en stor resultatmessig avkastning, og rentabilisere de store investeringene som ble lagt ned i målinger før brannen, kontrollert brenning, metodeutvikling osv

Økologiske virkinger av skogbrann

Tradisjonelt er overflatebehandlet trekledning mye benyttet i Norge som fasademateriale. Det er også mye brukt i andre deler av Europa. På grunn av stadig strengere restriksjoner med hensyn på tilsetting av tungmetaller, biocider/fungicider i maling og en dringer i produktenes sammensetning og egenskaper, er vekst av sopp på eller i malingsfilmen og i treverket blitt et økende problem.

Svertesopp er i første omgang et estetisk problem og er da spesielt skjemmende på lyse overflater. Forskning har dokument ert at enkelte typer svertesopp har mulighet til å penetrere malingsfilmen og etablere seg i overgangen mellom ved og maling (Winters et al. 1978, Bravery & Miller 1980, Sharp & Dickinson 1992, Bardage 1997). Svertesopp kan derfor gå fra å være en ren est etisk utfordring til å redusere levetiden til kledningen betraktelig. Gjentatt rengjøring og kortere vedlikeholdsintervaller for å minimere soppveksten på overflaten av malingsfilmen er nødvendig og er med på å øke totalkostnadene for tre benyttet som fas ademateriale. Dette kan igjen føre til at alternative materialer vil bli foretrukket. 

Ytterligere kunnskap om temaet "Svertesopp på overflatebehandlet tre" er av kommersiell interesse, og vil ha stor betydning for valg av materialer ved fremtidig prosje ktering og oppføring av bygg, samt ved vedlikehold av eksisterende bygg.

Svertesopp på overflatebehandlet tre - stipend Lone Gobakken.

På grunn av stadig strengere restriksjoner med hensyn til tilsetning av tungmetaller, biocider/fungicider er vekst av svertesopp blitt et stadig økende estetisk problem. Problemet er i mange tilfeller så stort at årlig rengjøring og kortere vedlikeholdsin tervaller for å minimere soppveksten er anbefalt og ut fra et estetisk synspunkt nødvendig.

Nytt EU direktiv (nr 1999/13/EC) vil med stor sannsynelighet medføre økt bruk av vanntynnede malingssystemer til utendørs bruk i Norge. Vi ser også at industriell  påføring av vanntynnede maling øker kraftig. De vannbaserte malingene det her er snakk om forventes å ha bedre teknisk holdbarhet enn tradisjonelle olje(alkydbaserte) systemer.

Impregnerte og/eller kjemisk behandlete kledningsbord med bedre bestandighet  mot råteskader velges ofte i områder med mye regn/fuktighet. 

I dette prosjektet vil undersøke hvilken betydning valg av trematerialer har for vekst av svertesopp. Videre vil vi teste kommersielle vanntynnbare malinger på utendørsfelt, og i akselererte tester i laboratorium, for å vurder deres evne til å motstå angrep og vekst fra svertesopper.

Vi vil også se på i hvilken grad filmegenskaper som pH, hydrofil/hydrofob karakter, porøsitet og harde/myke overflater påvirker/hindrer soppangrep.

Enkel vurde ringsmetodikk for bestemmelse av svertesopp er også en del av prosjektet, som har som mål å utarbeide informasjon om trematerialer og overflatebehandlinger for å kunne sikre en fremtidig bruk av trefasader til konkurransedyktig pris.

Svertesopp på trefasader

Bakgrunn: Bestandsskogbruket har vært dominerende i mer enn 50 år både her i landet og andre steder i verden. I deler av Europa og i Nord-Amerika endres i dag skogbehandlingen ut fra en målsetting om å øke andelen blandingsskog og sjiktet skog. Omlegginge n har mange steder kommet godt i gang og blir sett på som svært viktig der det er plantet til større arealer med ensaldret skog. En slik omlegging forventer å øke det biologisk mangfold, bedre skogens stabilitet og skaderesistens, tilrettelegge for naturl ig foryngelse av stedegne treslag, samt å øke rekreasjonsverdien. Noen mener også at lønnsomheten ved skogdrift vil bedres, mens andre hevder det motsatte. 
Formålet med dette prosjektet er å undersøke produksjon, bestandsdynamikk, foryngelse, og biologis k mangfold etter lukkede hogster i sjiktet granskog. 
Metode: Vi ønsker å studere disse effektene ved ulike styrker av lukket hogst der uttaket varierer fra 0 (urørt) til 25, 45, 65 eller 100% hogstuttak. Hogststyrke 100% er gruppehogst, mens 25-65% er bl edningspregede hogster. I alt 9 blokker av denne forsøksserien ble etablert for 10-12 år siden ("Utradisjonell skogbehandling"), og vi ønsker nå å revidere en del av disse forsøksflatene og samle inn nye data for å kartlegge virkningen på mortalitet, best andsdynamikk, stabilitet, tilvekst, forhåndsgjenvekst, og endringer i artsmangfold hos utvalgte insekter. 
Forventet resultat: Prosjektet vil først og fremst bedre kunnskapene om effekter av lukket hogst på produksjon, foryngelse og biologisk mangfold. I tillegg vil vi bedre kunnskapene om lukket hogst som skogbehandlingsmetode og få bedre retningslinjer for slik hogst i sjiktet granskog.  


Produksjon, foryngelse og biologisk mangfold etter lukket hogst

The relative importance of forest income to landowners has steadily declined, and contributes now only marginally to the household income of non-industrial forest owners. For many owners the contribution of other aspects of forestry has gained importance.  This development will certainly have consequences for harvesting levels, investments in forestry and the timing of these activities. From a forest policy point of view this is may be worrying, but also for the forest industries that are dependent on a st able domestic supply of timber. This development, thus, calls for a thorough analysis of objective for ownership, variables affecting the engagement in forest related activities and possible means in order to counteract negative short- and long-run effect s from it. 

Previous Norwegian studies have been less concerned about the various motivations and objectives for owning a forest property, as is the case of for example Finnish analyses. There is also a lack, both nationally and internationally, of empir ical information about forest owners' risky environment and their reactions to it. For the Norwegian forestry there is a gap in the literature about forest owners' goals, objectives, risks sources and risk management strategies and how these affect the st ructure and forest investments.

It looks like that earlier studies only partly have taken following important aspects today into account:
-	The forest owner's portfolio includes a range of activities (not only one or a few).
-	There is a wide range of pr eferences and behaviours among the forest owners. Then it seems likely that there will be differences between the owners in their perceptions of risk and in how they cope with risk and organize the operation of the forest. 
This project proposal aims to d irect all these topics within two parts.


Private forest owners' decision making under multiple objectives and productions

The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is responsible for national statistics of the timber resources. The present inventory is based on an extensive sample of field plots. The NFI is facing three major challenges; 1) to reduce costs by, e.g., adopting remot e sensing, 2) to provide resource estimates at local scales (sub-county or municipality) to support the public forest administration and 3) to provide estimates of forest carbon stocks to meet the Kyoto protocol requirements. This includes carbon estimate s of thousands of km2 of mountain forest above the official tree line, which is currently not a part of any national monitoring systems. The overall scientific aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate a cost-efficient method for forest inventory that responds to these challenges. Airborne laser is a rapidly evolving remote sensing technology with great potential for precise estimation of timber resources/biomass because lasers have the ability to depict the three-dimensional structure of trees an d forest canopies. Vegetation height and -density are highly correlated with volume/biomass. Recent research at UMB and NASA has demonstrated that laser scanning (UMB) and -profiling (NASA) can provide precise estimates of volume/biomass over large areas.  In this project, a laser scanning-based sampling method for inventory of volume/biomass will be developed. The method will be demonstrated in Hedmark county (26,000 km2). Its performance will be compared with a profiling laser (NASA) and official NFI sta tistics. Sub-county and mountain forest estimates will be provided. This research will be conducted by an international team of leading scientists. It will provide "a proof of the concept" and be considered as a first reference of method for similar effor ts elsewhere in the boreal forest zone.

Developing and testing a national system for inventory of timber resources and biomass/carbon stocks combining airborne laser and field data

Modifisering av tre basert på furfurylalkohol gir en forbedring i en rekke av trevirkets viktige egenskaper. Furfurylering av tre utføres i en totrinnsprosess 1) impregnering med en vandig løsning av furfurylalkohol og katalysatorer, og 2) polymerisering ved oppvarming. I hvilken grad trevirkets egenskaper forbedres i denne prosessen avhenger av hvor stor vektøkningen i materialet (WPG) er etter prosessen. En effektiv og rasjonell teknikk for å bestemme WPG er derfor viktig for å kunne kontrollere kvalite ten på produktet.
Polymerisert furfurylalkohol (PFA) er et veldig stabilt materiale som vanskelig lar seg bryte ned til sine enkeltkomponenter. Dette medfører at våtkjemiske metoder for bestemmelse av WPG forårsaket av polymerisert furfurylalkohol (PFA) i  trematerialer ikke er mulig å utføre slik som det er for impregnering med diffusivbare impregneringsmidler (i.e. kobber og organiske biocider). I sistnevnte er det ikke vektøkning som ønskes målt, men en grad av konvertering/pyrolyse. For å bestemme WPG kan NIR-Spektroskopi benyttes. 
Det ble i 2003/2004 gjort forsøk på Skogforsk med bruk av NIR-Spektroskopi med PLS-kalibrering (Partial Least Squares) for om mulig å kunne bestemme WPG i furfurylert tre. Forsøkene på Skogforsk tilfredsstilte WPT's behov f or kvalitetskontroll. Det oppstod imdlertid problemer ved produksjonanlegget på Herøya.
Forsøkene på laboratorieproduserte prøver ble gjort på tversnitt av små feilfrie prøver. På grunn av konsentrasjonsgradienter av PFA i lengderetning, med opphopning i endeveden, bør store prøver deles opp for å få en riktig analyse. Forskjeller i prosess mellom laboratorium og produksjon medfører forskjeller i NIR-spektere som det ikke er tatt høyde for i laboratoriemodellen. Heterogenitet i prøvemateriale gjør at ekst erne kontrollorganer krever flere prøvetakninger. Dette krever en ny modell basert på oppmalte treprøver. For å få en modell som er uavhengig av vanninnholdet i materialet i området under fibermetning.

Utvikling av metodikk for kvalitetskontroll av fururylert tre

In many nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) Christmas tree plantations in Norway there are problems with heavy needle cast. The fungus Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii is often detected in dying needles falling off on lower branches. R. kalkhoffii is a well known pa thogen in Christmas tree production both in Europe and USA. Another even more serious needle cast, is green, current season needles falling off during the winter, both on newly harvested trees and in the field. This needle cast is mainly located on the to p shoot and the upper branches. The cause of this damage is not yet understood, but two fungi have been found in association with this needle cast; Thysanophora penicillioides and a not yet identified fungus. The latter was found in April 2004 on up to 73 % of the loosely attached needles. T. penicillioides is a cosmopolitan organism, but it is not considered a damaging agent. Except for a publication from Finland, where T. penicillioides is recorded as an endophyte on Norway spruce (Picea abies), all lite rature describes it as a saprophyte. Findings from Norway strongly indicate that T. penicillioides is a parasite. T. penicillioides has also been found on nordman fir in nurseries in Norway. Surveys have shown that a number of problematic diseases in prod uction fields are introduced from nurseries via infested transplant material. This project aims on finding the exact cause for the extensive needle cast to gain control of the problem at nursery level. To reach that goal inoculation tests with the differe nt fungi associated with needle cast will take place, different fungicides and biological control materials will be tested and infection periodes for the different fungi will be established.

Developing sanitary measures to improve nursery hygiene in seedlings grown for Christmas tree and bough production

Prosjektet er tredje trinn i arbeidet med å etablere kommersiell vevskulturproduksjon av gran- og fjelledelgrankloner for juletreproduksjon. I Europa er juletremarkedet dominert av Nordmannsedelgran, i USA av Fraser edelgran. Fjelledelgran har god holdbar het, form, farge og duft og antas å ha et stort potensial i Europa. Vi vil derfor fokusere på denne. Totalt brukes mellom 90 og 170 millioner planter i juletreindustrien i Europa og USA, verdien er trolig over 500 mill. NOK. For raskt å nå målet om kommer siell produksjon har vi etablert samarbeide med CellFor i Canada og IPST i USA. Førstnevnte produserer millioner av eliteplanter basert på somatisk embryogenese i flere bartrearter. Vi får tilgang til deres teknologi for storskaladrift og de får bruke vår e erfaringer fra fjelledelgran i Fraser edelgran. CellFor vil arbeide med oppskalering ved at norsk plantemateriale blir sendt til Canada for oppformering og tilbake for utplanting i større feltforsøk. IPST. og Skogforsk vil arbeide med å forbedre protoko ller og studier av embryo modning. Vi venter at prosjektet vil gi teknologi for storskala produksjon, planter i felt og dypere forståelse av embryogenesen.

Utvikling av oppskalerte metoder for masseformering av utvalgte juletresorter av fjelledelgran og Fraser edelgran.

Summary The growth potential and survival of forest trees of the temperate zone is dependent on a close co-ordination of growth and dormancy with the temperature climate. The light climate plays an important role in regulating bud set before the winter, and tempe rature is known as an important determinant of dormancy release and bud break. There are indications that the temperature might also affect growth cessation, bud set and dormancy, but very little data on this is available. Such knowledge would be of prime  importance in understanding the evolution of climatic adaptation in forest trees and possibilities of trees to adapt to rapidly changing climatic conditions. The phytochrome pigment system appears to be the main daylength sensor. Recent data suggest that the phytochrome action might also be affected by temperature, but the nature of this interaction is unknown. The ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 protein (ABI3) has recently also been suggested to be involved in short day induced contr ol of bud set, but nothing is known about the effects of temperature-light climate interactions on its expression and action. In this project we aim at identifying molecular mechanisms involved in the climatic adaptation in forest trees by studying the effect of interactions between temperature and light climate. Specifically we aim at studying the effects on the phytochrome sys tem and its action, as well as effects on ABI3. Given their apparent roles in short day induced bud set and dormancy and suggestions that temperature might affect the phytochrome system and its action, these factors might provide a key to an improved unde rstanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of the annual cycles of growth and dormancy.

Molecular mechanisms of climatic adaptation in forest trees

To compete the Norwegian forest industry needs to improve its products development and it must increase the orientation towards the consumers. Efforts in this direction require more knowledge about opportunities and limitations given by the industry, the market and by institutional factors (standards, regulations and public policies). This project addresses this for three selected wood-based products with different characteristics: pressure-treated wood, bioenergy and solid wood. The project includes both  a study of the industry (environment, structure, market, resources, products) and of consumer preferences (preferred attributes for different customer groups). The role of product standards and of industry policies is given particular emphasis. We will u se secondary sources, surveys, interviews and focus group discussions together with qualitative and quantitative methods. The results will provide a deeper insight about the factors influencing the growth and dynamics of the industry.  They will also contain information about preferences and consumer segments. In the synthesis these results will be used for identification of potentials, limitations and required strategy changes for a customer oriented innovation and market-development of bioenergy, solid wood, and pressure treated wood. Policy recommendations regarding standardization and industry policy will be presented.

Market situation, governmental regulations and consumer preferences for three wood-based products.

The fungal pathogen Heterobasidion annosum causes severe damage in forests by causing root and stem rot in Norway spruce.The premise for this work is that the level of natural resistance has a genetic basis and is reflected in the type and/or level of transcripts being expressed by the plant. Genetically identical clonal plants developed using somatic embryogenesis and rooted cuttings will be used. The transcription pattern in lines of spruce clones will be analyzed by array technology. Probes corresponding to the number and level of transcripts will be generated by RT-PCR, labeled and then hybridized to a large number of spruce cDNA clones to assay the difference between and within the clonal lines. Differences both in the constitutive expression and induced responses to infection will be examined. This data will be compared with relative disease resistance of different clones, obtained from pathogenicity tests, to detect RNA markers that correlate with disease resistance. Information generated in this project could be of scientific, practical and economic importance used in selection and breeding of resistant tree varieties. Since decay caused by Heterobasidion annosum is the major growth and quality-limiting factor in growing Norway spruce, this knowledge could have significant economic impacts.

Microarray-based detection of defence-related genes in Norway spruce towards Heterobasidion annosum

Due to changes both in sawmill companies external environment and in their internal organizations and strategies, there is a strong need to think more thoroughly through the principles and systems for costing, budgeting and performance management. The pro ject will aim at improving the understanding of this issue. This should make the industry able to make better decisions regarding market positioning and internal process improvements.  The project will first undertake a literature review and an assessment of the statue of cost and performance management systems in the Norwegian sawmill industry. The past 10-20 years has seen the development of new theories for cost and performance manag ement, while an impression is that the sawmill industry is lagging behind.  In the case studies, we will suggest how then participating sawmills can improve their systems, and we will develop generic or “ideal” models cost and performance management systems for the sawmill industry. The project will in particular consider how the  so-called “sawmill paradox” should be dealt with.

Cost and Performance Management Systems in the Sawmill Industry.

Det er en økende interesse for selektive hogstformer, som f.eks den såkalte ”Hagner-metoden”,  som et alternativ til skjematiske flatehogster. Samtidig er det økende fokus på overholdelse av skog for å ivareta det biologiske mangfoldet. Begge disse formen e for skogforvaltning vil over tid føre til mer fleraldret (skiktet) skog. Utviklingen i en fleraldret skog kan f.eks beskrives ved  såkalte enkelttremodeller for tilvekst og mortalitet eller ved diameterklassevise matrisemodeller. I Norge er en nå i ferd  med å etablere enkelttremodeller. Disse er imidlertid regneintensive ved praktisk bruk, og ved f.eks svært høy alder (overholdelse) og ved analyse av effekter av klimaendringer, kan det være vanskelig å vurdere effektene av endrede forutsetninger for vek stforløpet. I en matrisemodell derimot, kan veksten knyttes til den enkelte diameterklasse, og kravet til data for den enkelte enhet (bestand, prøveflate) er ofte mindre enn for enkelttremodeller. En matrisemodell er svært oversiktlig  En matrisemodell for norske forhold finnes ikke i dag. I prosjektet vil en matrisemodell for skog bli utviklet på grunnlag av data fra landsskogtakseringen. For å kunne analysere virkesproduksjonen med en matrisemodell, må en kjenne diameterfordelingen i bestandet/prøveflaten. Det er svært ressurskrevende å registrere diameterfordelingen ved feltmåling for hele skoger eller kommuner. Et alternativ kan være å utlede diameterfordelingen fra data fra en flybåren laserscanner. En laserscanner måler tre- og ve getasjonshøyder for hver eneste kvadratmeter i en skog, og det er vanligvis en sterk sammenheng mellom et skogbestands diametre og trehøyder. Det vil bli undersøkt om diameterfordelingen i bestand kan utledes fra laserdata. Den matrisemodellen som blir ut viklet, vil bli benyttet i en konkret studie av en skogeiendom, kommune eller region i Norge, der en vil analysere de biologiske og økonomiske konsekvensene av en skogforvaltning basert på selektive hogster.

Utvikling av forvaltningsmodell for fleraldret skog - et doktorgradsprosjekt

The primary aim of this study is to investigate factors limiting the distribution of vulnerable old-forest lichens in boreal oseanic forests. As dispersal and establishment are anticipated to be critical stages of the life cycle these factors will be give n special attention. Increased knowledge about dispersal and establishment of old-forest lichens is a prerequisite for developing appropriate methods in forestry, aimed to conserve species diversity. Dispersal ability of old-forest lichens will be studied  by DNA-identification of lichen diaspores in snow samples and by studying the number of established thalli in different distances from the source of propagules. Second, success of establishment and development of vegetative diaspores transplanted to diff erent environmental conditions will be studied during a long-term field experiment. Finally, the rate of colonization of epiphytic lichens in managed spruce forests will be analysed. The laboratory analyses will mainly include molecul

Dispersal and establishment of old-forest lichens in managed boral forest

Our goal is to gain a fundamental understanding of growth and adaptation of forest trees, how these are affected by adverse, environmental conditions caused by climate instabilities, and how they are hierarchically interdependent in planta (see Figure 1 i n the project description). Trees continuously monitor their environment to synchronize their activities with the season, and to adapt to environmental fluctuations. The shortening of the day is sensed through a phytochrome-based mechanism in the leaves (project area 1). As a result  signals are generated that are send out via the phloem to the different morphogenetic areas of the shoot system, which then respond in an appropriate way. The timing of the responses might be dependent on the ecotype and, for example, lead to a modulatio n or cessation of  cambial activity and wood formation (project area 2). In photoperiodically induced dormancy the ribmeristem ceases its stemelongating activity (project area 6), and the shoot   apical meristem (SAM) responds to a critical photoperiod by  assuming a dormant and freezing-tolerant state (prosecute area 3). In the cambium, the SAM, and the ribmeristem, as well as in the derived tissues freezing tolerance develops (project area 4). This requires the activation of stress tolerance genes, some of which might be known genes, and others which await dicsovery (pro ject area 5). the SAM might also respond to the phytochrome-mediated signals,  send out by the leaves, by conversion directly into a flower, or into an inflorescence meristem (IM) (project area 6). Several of these processes, as well as their reversal, are sensitive to  temperature or to temperature alternations. The relative uncoupling of temperature regimes and photoperiod during climate change might endanger the coordination of this hierarchy of processes. The SIP will investigate how single processes as well as thei r interconnections might be affected.

Developmental and Adaptive responses of Forest Trees to Climate Change

I den senere tid har det blitt stor interesse for å utnytte ulike treslags naturlige holdbarhet. For de aller fleste bygningskonstruksjoner som utsettes for det ytre klima benyttes trevirket over bakken uten jordkontakt. Data for klassifisering av ulike t reslags holdbarhet bygger imidlertid på trevirkets holdbarhet i jordkontakt, og er således ikke egnet.  Ved testing av holdbarhet til trevirke over bakken har det vist seg at de standarder som benyttes i feltforsøk ikke gir en tilstrekkelig nedbrytning før etter svært lang tid. Det er dessuten problematisk å evaluere nedbrytningen på en objektiv måte. I de undersøkelser som har vært gjennomført er det heller ikke foretatt noen fullstendig sammenligning av de mest vanlige norske treslag, siden det gjerne har vært effekten av ulike trebeskyttelsesmidler som primært har vært undersøkt.  I dette prosjektet skal ulike metoder for å raskt frembringe testresultater som kan benyttes til å klassifisere de vanligste norske treslags naturlig holdbarhet over bakken. Dette skal gjøres ved å sammenligne fire typer nær-bakke-tester og standardiserte  felt- og laboratorietester. Nær-bakke-testene skal etableres på to ulike lokaliteter med ulikt klima. Styrketesting (elastisitetsmodul og bøyefasthet) skal evalueres med utgangspunkt i at dette kan gi et bedre mål for tidlige nedbrytningsstadier og råteu tvikling over tid.

Klassifisering av norske treslags naturlige holdbarhet - metoder for feltprøving og evaluering av nedbrytningsforløp over bakken

En skogbehandling med ulike typer gjennomhogster betinger at vi har enkelttremodeller for tilvekst og avgang for å lagre realistiske prognoser. Slike modeller er nå under utvikling. Implementering av slike modeller i et analyseverktøy vil gjøre oss i stan d til å bedre analysere andre forvaltningsopplegg enn en skogbehandling basert på ensaldrede bestand ("bestandsskogbruk"). Innsatsen i prosjektet kan deles i tre. Del 1 (delmål 1 og 2) består av utvikling av simuleringsmodell for enkelttrær. Dokumentasjon av modellen bør prioriteres slik at modellen kan tjene som verktøy for ulike analyser i lang tid framover. Kontakt og samarbeid med modelleringsmiljøet i de andre nordiske landene vil bli tillagt stor vekt. I del 3 vil modellen bli utvidet slik at ulike o ptimeringsalgoritmer også kan integreres. Dette innebærer at man ut fra gitte mål kan beregne den optimale skogbehandlingen. I del 3 vil det utføres ulike analyser basertpå enkelttredata fra de faste flatene i Landsskogtakseringens 
takseringsopplegg for  validering av modellen.

Modellering av skog for økologisk og økonomisk forvaltning inkl. postdoc/utenlandsstipend

This programme focus on use of wood as a renewable resource and the sustainable material, and increased added value in the building, construction, furniture and furnishing sectors in the future. The main part of this programme will be 6 Dr.ing. (Ph.D) pro jects carried out at 6 departments at the following faculties: Engineering and Technology, Architecture and Planning. The main topics are: · Service life of wood protection · Computational modelling and design of joints in timber structures       ion · De signing with the natural durability of wood   ion · "Wooden buildings in an urban context"        ion · Products in thermoplastic/wood composites: design, market and production    ion · The experienced quality of wood                        ion The Dr.ing . projects will be included in work packages of the same topics, one at each of the participating departments. The additional projects of the work packages will act as support to the Dr.ing. activities, and they will focus on topics which are of direct re levance to the industry. They will also be a basis to establish networks and collaboration with Norwegian industry and with universities and research institutes in Norway and abroad.

Wood as a building material

Prosjektet er en videreføring av resultatene som ble oppnådd gjennom prosjektene "Skogbehandling og virkeskvalitet", "Mjøsskog 2000" og "Vindu mot skogen". Disse prosjektene har gitt kunnskap om variasjon i trevirkets egenskaper. Resultatene tyder på at d et er mulig å forbedre utnyttelsen av sagtømmer gjennom bedre aptering og sortering. Fra tidligere prosjekter ved NLH og Skogforsk er det tilgjengelige data om kviststruktur fra 72 grantrær og 30 furutrær. I dette prosjektet vil man implementere disse dataene i en egenutviklet apteringssimulator og skursimulator og utvikle disse til et verktøy for analyser av hvordan aptering og skuruttak påvirker trelastverdien. Basert på simulerin ger vil man studere hvordan omsetningssystemene kan brukes for å oppnå best mulig tilpasning mellom variasjonen i trevirkets egenskaper og de ulike sagbrukenes krav til dimensjoner og virkesegenskaper. dien. Basert på simuleringer vil man studere hvordan omsetningssystemene kan brukes for å oppnå best mulig tilpasning mellom variasjonen i trevirkets egenskaper og de ulike sagbrukenes krav til dimensjoner og virkesegenskaper.

FORNY20-FORNY2020

Ultrasonic polymer transducers applied to microplastics in water

Awarded: NOK 0.50 mill.

Popular Science Description

Achieved effects

Funding scheme:

FORNY20-FORNY2020

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics