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Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

HESTEFORSK - Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

The project will mainly host the IEEE flagship conference IEEE SmartGridComm 2024 in Oslo, Norway. The support from RCN is very important for the success of the event. The cost in organizing conferences in Norway is normally very high and Norwegian kroner is weak in recent years. With such reason, we have been declined few times before by IEEE when we applied to host conferences in Oslo, Norway.
The RCN’s support will be mainly used to cover the conference venue and the keynote speakers’ travel cost. The conference venue in Oslo city center has high cost. We have received an offer from a conference hotel and the renting cost is quite high. It is very challenging to only use conference registration fee to cover the cost.

The 15th IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (IEEE SmartGridComm 2024)

Sink er et essensielt mikronæringsstoff som kreves for funksjonen til hundrevis av proteiner involvert i et bredt spekter av biologiske prosesser. Etter inntak av sink fra kosten reguleres nivåene i kroppen nøye gjennom absorpsjon, sekresjon og ekskresjon via spesialiserte proteiner, såkalte sinktransportører, i tarmen. Enhver ubalanse er skadelig for menneskers helse, spesielt er tarmen følsom for sinkfluktuasjoner, hvilket påvirker tarmbarrieren og kan føre til inflammatoriske sykdommer og kreft i tarmen. 
På molekylært nivå er de presise mekanismene som styrer funksjonen til de ulike sinktransportørene fortsatt uklare. Hos mennesker finnes det over tjue slike proteiner, og de fleste inneholder områder rike på aminosyren histidin. Disse histidinene mistenkes å spille en avgjørende rolle i å binde sink. Nylig oppdaget vi et enzym som modifiserer disse områdene ved å sette metylgrupper på histidin, og viste at metylerte histidiner har en lavere affinitet for sink. Dette prosjektet har som mål å identifisere nye mekanismer som regulerer sinknivåer gjennom histidinmetylering av sinktransportører, å utvikle forskningsverktøy for effektiv studie av histidinmetylering, og å legge grunnlaget for nye behandlinger av tarmsykdommer.

The delicate balance of zinc levels in the body is essential for human health. Zinc is absorbed and excreted via intestinal zinc transporter proteins, and perturbations of this process are associated with pathologies, including inflammatory diseases and cancers of the bowel. The precise molecular mechanisms regulating zinc transport, however, remain a major knowledge gap. Based on the recent discovery of an enzyme methylating histidine residues in zinc transporters, and drawing on preliminary findings which demonstrate reduced affinity of methylated histidines to zinc, this project aims to identify novel mechanisms regulating zinc homeostasis through histidine methylation. We will examine the regulation and effect of histidine methylation on zinc transport in intestinal cell culture and organoids, and examine how knockout of the methylhistidine-generating enzyme affects the integrity and pathology of the intestinal tract in mouse models. In addition, we will identify reader proteins specifically recognizing methylhistidines and develop anti-methylhistidine antibodies and inhibitors to use as tools for detection, enrichment, and inhibition of histidine methylation. Such tools are urgently needed by the international research community, as none are currently available commercially. Overall, this project will lead to great advances in the field of protein regulation, and may uncover novel mechanisms in intestinal zinc transport and pathology.

Zinc transport regulation through histidine methylation

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.  Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.  One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Per- og polyfluorerte stoffer (PFAS) er en stor gruppe menneskeskapte kjemikalier med høyt fluorinnhold som antas å ha negative helseeffekter. Kilder til PFAS kan være produksjon av vann-, varme- og flekkbestandige produkter og disse kjemikaliene er en del av hverdagen vår. PFAS påvirkning av biologiske systemer er ikke fullstendig forstått. Noen PFAS er antatt å øke risikoen for å utvikling av ikke-alkoholisk fettleversykdom (NAFLD) og øke risikoen for diabetes. 

For å forstå hvordan PFAS påvirker organene våre ønsker vi å bruke små laboratoriedyrkede organmodeller, kalt organoider. Disse miniatyrorganene kan dyrkes fra menneskelige stamceller og tilbyr et kontrollert miljø for å studere hvordan PFAS påvirker f.eks lever og bukspyttkjertelen vår, uten bruk av dyreforsøk.

For å studere helseeffekter må vi kunne måle nivået av biomolekyler som fettstoffer i leveren og hormoner i bukspyttkjertelen. Til dette trenger vi å utvikle analytiske verktøy for å måle effektene. Først vil vi bekrefte at når leverorganoidene eksponeres for enkelte PFAS-forbindelser utvikles det NAFLD-lignende sykdom ved å sammenligne den biokjemiske profilen (proteiner og metabolitter) til organoider av lever med PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Deretter vil vi utvide den analytiske verktøykassen for å undersøke hvilke metabolske veier som påvirkes, og om effekten er den samme i NAFLD-induserte og PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Vi vil også eksponere insulinproduserende bukspyttkjertelorganoider for PFAS for å undersøke effekten av PFAS på hormonproduksjon. Når effektene av PFAS-eksponering på lever- og bukspyttkjertel-organoider er etablert, vil organoidene bli samkultivert i en chip, og effektene av PFAS-eksponering vil bli undersøkt og sammenlignet med individuelle organoider.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 1 diabetes. HE-POP aims to investigate the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), a type of POPs), on organ function in a controlled environment.

Organoids are multicellular laboratory-grown miniature organs, that are grown from stem cells. HE-POP will use organoids to examine how PFAS affects our organs and develop cutting-edge bioanalytical tools and methodology to measure these effects using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HE-POP hypothesizes that PFAS negatively affects organ function, as evidenced by changes in hormone and lipid levels characteristic of NAFLD and type 1 diabetes. 

Organoids offer a controlled environment to study the effects of PFAS on the liver and pancreas, without the use of animal models. HE-POP aims to gain evidence of the negative effects of PFAS on organ function through controlled experiments on organoids and aid in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and type 1 diabetes.

HE-POP has fundaments in UN sustainable development goals, specifically #3, #12, and #14/15, seeking an understanding of diseases with worldwide prevalence, and understanding how POPs affect our life and surroundings and help enable the right regulatory actions and replacement chemicals.

HE-POP: Studying the Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Using Mass Spectrometry, Organoids, and Organ-On-A-Chip

Norge har under Parisavtalen påtatt seg en forpliktelse til å redusere klimautslippene sine med minst 55 prosent innen 2030 sammenlignet med nivået i 1990. Hittil har vi kun oppnådd 5 prosent av dette målet; vi har følgelig kun syv år på å redusere de resterende 50 prosent for å imøtekomme målene. For 2050 har vi satt oss enda større mål: å redusere klimautslippene med hele 90 prosent. Bakgrunnen for målene er at vi prøver å unngå de verste scenarioene FNs klimautvalg skisserer opp i sine rapporter. I tillegg har energiforbruket økt, og prognosene fra Statnett for ulike scenarier viser at energiforbruket skal fortsette å øke. Vi trenger følgelig mer energi. Dette har bidrat til at diskusjoner rundt kjernekraft i Norge er høyaktuelle og pågående. Norsk Kjernekraft AS har blitt opprettet med formål om å bygge Norges første kjernekraftverk. I tillegg ble det i fjor også bevilget 200 millioner kroner fra Regjeringen til et nytt senter som skal drive med nukleær forskning. Målet er å styrke den norske kunnskapsberedskapen på det nukleære området. Dette betyr at vi beveger oss i en retning hvor kjernekraft en dag kan bli aktuelt i Norge, og noen mener at dette er den eneste veien å gå hvis vi skal nå målene våre for 2050. Men i dag sitter vi med flere spørsmål enn svar, blant annet: Hvilken teknologi og leverandør burde vi velge? Er regelverket for snevert og strengt? Hvordan kan dette gjøres og samtidig ivareta sikkerhet? Hvordan tjener et kjernekraftverk penger?

Dette prosjektet skal svare på samtlige av disse spørsmålene i en detaljert og omfattende analyse. Her bruker vi grunnlagsdata til å vurdere dagens forskning opp mot hvordan industrien i andre land opererer, og ut ifra dette forsøke estimere hva risikoen knyttet til å bygge kjernekraft som industri i Norge er. Prosjektet sikter på å gi et så helhetlig bilde som mulig slik at vi kan gjøre oss opp en mening basert på fakta; om kjernekraft passer inn i miksen av det som utgjør norsk energi.

Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen skisserer forskningen Vala Maria Valsdottir (omtales herunder som stipendiaten) skal utføre innenfor sin doktorgradsavhandling. Prosjektet skal være en del av Senter for nukleær forskning (SNF) som fikk midler vinteren 2023.
Ph.d.-prosjektet er initiert av Inmeta Consulting AS, som igjennom denne ph.d.-stillingen vil bli en del av SNF. Inmeta planlegger en prosjektperiode på fire år, hvor stipendiaten arbeider 75 % med ph.d.-prosjektet og 25 % med vanlig virksomhet hos Inmeta. 
Prosjektet skal undersøke muligheten for kjernekraft som industri i Norge. Dette er både en samfunnsaktuell problemstilling samt en som medlemmene i SNF er interessert i å utforske. Stipendiaten kommer derfor til å samarbeide med alle aktørene som er involvert i senteret og benytte forskningsdata fra dem. Dette gjelder da spesielt Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE) som har mest grunnlagsdata som er relevant for dette prosjektet.
Kandidaten ferdigstilte en masteroppgave høsten 2020 i kjernefysikk på Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) og har derfor gode og relevante grunnkunnskaper for å ta på seg et slikt prosjekt. I tillegg har kandidaten tre års erfaring innenfor energibransjen, og er derfor oppdatert på industrien og forstår deres problemstillinger godt.

Er kjernekraft aktuelt for Norge?

InART is recognized as one of the main conference series in the field of Heritage Science and since its first edition in 2013 (Evora, Portugal) it mainly focused on the contribution of natural sciences to the field. A major change occurred after the COVID-19 pandemic, when a greater number of researchers from different branches of heritage science participated in InART 2022 (Paris, France). 
InART is an open platform for knowledge-sharing among professionals in the field of Heritage Science, including conservation.
These aspects are covered by the main conference topics:
•	Development of new tools (devices, technology, software, etc.), advanced data analysis and FAIR data management
•	Development and/or implementation of new methods and routines (diagnostic and conservation) for the understanding of heritage materials, techniques, and degradation processes (chemical, physical and biological)
•	Development, testing (includes mechanical testing), and characterization of new materials for conservation (special attention to green conservation treatments)
•	Application of non-invasive/non-destructive techniques
•	Preventive conservation: environmental monitoring techniques and climate/microclimate effects on the conservation of heritage sites and exposed objects.

Heritage science is a highly multidisciplinary research field. Consequently, topics covered during the InArt2024 conference can be approached from different points of view and the conference aims to merge natural sciences and conservation, providing a dynamic space for active interaction, scientific exchange, and debates on the central issues of heritage science research. InART2024 welcomes contributors from diverse fields to join and create an interdisciplinary discussion about cultural heritage conservation within the fields of archaeological objects, artworks, built heritage, etc.

6th International Conference on Innovation in Art Research and Technology

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på år

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på fagområde

Business developer

SOLIS (Single-Objective Light-sheet Imaging System) is a new microscopy that keeps the resolution and ease of use of confocal microscopy, while increasing its gentleness akin to light-sheet microscopy. Additionally, thanks to its unique optical design, SOLIS manages to surpass the imaging speed of classical light-sheet microscopy as, in essence, it records fully sectioned volumes instantly. With SOLIS we can fill the gaps in capturing subcellular processes, providing new insights in the development of new medicines and vaccines.

The main objective of this project is to reduce the remaining risks towards our goal of licensing SOLIS to the most suitable licensee. To achieve this objective, we have been in dialog with established industries and key opinion leaders from the confocal and light-sheet microscopy domain. We have worked with them to clarify the market need, commercial unit of SOLIS, and important licensing terms related for SOLIS in the microscopy industry.

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BlueWind: Innovative løsninger for neste generasjonen av offshore flytende vindparker

Offshore vindkraft øker i popularitet på grunn av sitt potensial å utnytte de større vindenergiressurser på åpent hav samt å unngå utfordringene knyttet til visuel og akustisk forstyrrelse ved landbasert vindkraft. Flytende offshore vind møter mer utfordrende forhold ut på havet, som gir høyere kostnader tilknyttet produksjon, installasjon og vedlikehold. 

Målet til BlueWind er å redusere kostnader for å bygge, installere og vedlikehold i flytende havvind ved å utvikle neste generasjon design for offshore flytende vindparker med turbiner over 12MW.  Prosjektet adresseres sentral forskningspørsmål relatert til BlueWinds løsninger.


Ansvarlig organisasjon: Kåre Olav Krogenes (kare.olav@bluewind.no)
Partnere: NORCE Technology, Marine Energy Test Centre (Metcentre) 
Prosjektperiode: 2020-2022
Type: Innovasjonsprosjekt for næringslivet
Offentlig finansiering: 2,5 mill. kroner
Prosjektnummer: 313935

The development and exploitation of offshore wind will increasingly occur in deep water areas far from shore and thus require floating solutions. The main challenge associated with floating offshore wind power are the high costs throughout the value chain. Huge improvement potential is associated with efficient production, assembly, installation, operation and maintenance, in order to take projects to a profitable level.

The state of the art for floating wind turbines is that tower and floater form a permanently fixed structure. Installation and maintenance is dependent on the use of large heavy lifting vessels and deep sea port facilities. Bluewind's planned innovation is to incorporate the functionality to raise and lower the tower part of the wind turbine prior to and after installation. This provides the functionality to bring the blades and nacelle down close to the sea surface.   Combined with novel, easier and quicker methods that allow for blade installation and removal, maintenance and equipment exchange operations can then be performed without needing the heavy lifting equipment operating at full hub height, and removing the need for a deep wateer port facility. The result is a lower LCOE for the turbine. 

The R&D investigations conducted by Blue Wind together with NORCE in the TRL1 phase have also identified some unique and novel challenges that need to be resolved:  
1. Need for a reliable means to lower and raise the tower
2. A locking mechanism to hold the tower permanently fixed to the floater structure during operation.

Key research challenges in the development of a Lowerable Offshore Floating Turbine

Det overordnede målet med dette doktorgradsprosjektet er å utvikle teknologi innen energilagring som fremskynder overgangen til fornybare energikilder som sol- og vindkraft i elektriske kraftsystemer. 
En av utfordringene knyttet til mange fornybare energikilder, f.eks. sol- og vindkraft, er at energi- og effektleveransen fra disse energikildene er veldig variable og avhengig av tid på døgnet, årstid, skydekke, vindstyrke, osv. I tillegg varierer kraftbehovet til sluttkundene, men variasjonene her vil ikke «passe» med variasjonene i kraftproduksjonen. Dette betyr at disse energisystemene er helt avhengig av gode løsninger innen energilagring for at den produserte energien skal kunne utnyttes optimalt. Når energisystemet produserer mer energi enn sluttkundene trenger må overskuddsenergien lagres best mulig, slik at den kan leveres til sluttkundene i tider der det ikke er sol eller vind.
Energilagring er et felt med mange ulike teknologier som alle har sine fordeler og ulemper. Disse teknologiene inkluderer ulike typer batterier, lagring av energi i hydrogen, komprimert luft og flere andre. I mange tilfeller vil den mest optimale energilagringsløsningen være et hybridsystem som kombinerer to eller flere av disse teknologiene i samme løsning, f.eks. batterier for kortvarig lagring og hydrogen for langvarig lagring. Dette gjør imidlertid at systemene blir mer komplekse. For å møte denne utfordringen skal det derfor i dette doktorgradsprosjektet utvikles datamodeller som kan simulere slike hybride energilagringssystemer for å optimalisere systemet til ulike situasjoner, både systemer som er tilknyttet strømnettet og off-grid energisystemer. Det skal også utvikles algoritmer innen maskinlæring/kunstig intelligens som skal forutsi energiproduksjonen fra de fornybare energikildene flere dager fremover. Dette vil gjøre det lettere å planlegge nødvendig energilagring og dermed optimalisere hele energisystemet ytterligere.

The main objective of this Ph.D. project is to model the energy management of a novel hybrid energy storage system for the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power grid. The Ph.D. candidate will develop simulation models for the storage system and verify the simulation results in a real pilot test platform that will be built in collaboration with another Ph.D. project at the University of Oslo. Collaboration with national and international research institutes and industry will be an integral part of the project.
Energy storage systems for large-scale renewable energy applications are poorly understood and there is an urgent need to offer solutions to this challenge.The candidate will evaluate the energy management of the novel hybrid energy storage system using both actual data as well as appropriate simulation models and machine learning. The candidate will perform analysis of individual components and their system integration in hybrid configurations including batteries and hydrogen based energy storage. The system will demonstrate power smoothing and energy management by utilizing simulation technologies, forecasting of power generation several hours in advance using machine learning, and different storage solutions.
The Ph.D. project will also maximize the lifetime and performance of commercial batteries by developing high-voltage cobalt-free Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries that avoids the cost limitations of lithium and cobalt, as well as the safety issues related to lithium batteries. Short- and long-term energy storage will be combined by using a hybrid energy storage system. A new paradigm for energy storage R&D will be introduced with the aim of generating ground-breaking results on the effect of RES integration into decentralized and/or centralized electric grids.

Optimization of hybrid energy storage systems for the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid and off-grid systems

The overall purpose of the project is to increase the confidence in long term storage of CO2 in offshore reservoirs.  In the project, the problems associated with the reservoir integrity with respect to leakage back to the seawater and ultimately the atmo sphere, are to be investigated. In several publications, the possibility for self plugging of leaks from CO2 from an offshore reservoir through the escaping CO2 forming hydrates in the pores of the overlying cap rock/ seabed sediment have been investigate d. At sufficiently deep locations and cold enough seabed water temperatures, conditions may prevail that allow forming of stable enough hydrates in the sediment pores. 

The project has the following objectives

a)	The primary objective of the application  is to investigate experimentally under which conditions CO2 escaping from a leak in an offshore CO2 reservoir can (partially) seal the leak by forming hydrates in the overlying cap rock /seabed sediment. 
Answers to the following questions are intended t o be answered in the scope of the project:
a.	water depth, seabed temperature and conditions of the overlying cap rock/seabed sediment allow forming and binding of released CO2 as hydrates in to the cap rock or seabed sediment pores,  consequently pluggin g potential leaks?
b.	What are the mechanical properties of the resulting hydrate?sediment structure?
c.	Estimation of residual leakage rates?
d.	Risk estimation of the leak reappearing?

b)	The secondary objective of the project is to investigate adding  chemicals in the vicinity of the leak in order to enhance the plugging effect and/or stability of the resulting hydrate plug.  Answers to the following questions should be included  in the scope of the project:
a.	Can chemicals be added to the reservoir s tream during filling that aids ?self sealing? capabilities?
b.	Are there other reactions with CO2 that can be used for sealing of leaks 
c.	Can chemicals be injected to aid this/other measures

Self sealing of leaks in subsea CO2 reservoirs

Capture processes in most cases provide CO2, where apart from mutual solubility; water is present as a separate phase. In order to avoid water drop out during the transport of CO2 inside the pipeline, a transport specification for the maximum allowable wa ter contents is set. Normally a drying process is employed to remove the excess water from the captured CO2 stream to reach the specification. The basic concept for setting this maximum allowable water content is the avoidance of free water during pipelin e transmission in order to avoid both corrosion and hydrates. The resulting specification is often based upon best practice and set accordingly stringent. Several drawbacks with this current approach have been identified:
- There is a lack of experimental  data and models
- The water dissolved in dense phase CO2 is not necessarily homogeneously distributed
- Depressuration of pipeline can increase the concentration of the water phase
- There are indications that hydrates may form in the CO2 stream or pipel ine surface at water concentrations below the solubility equilibrium
- There is no current agreement in the necessary levels of dehydration of CO2

The challenges addressed in this project are the following:
1. Determining the phase behaviour of CO2/H2O m ixtures within the hydrate stable region and the effect of selected impurities upon this.
2. Determining the non-equilibrium conditions under which water drop out and hydrate formation occurs at water concentrations below equilibrium solubility levels.
3.  Increasing the understanding of the conditions under which water adsorption on the pipeline wall is preferential and if subsequent hydrate formation occurs.
4. Increasing the understanding of the conditions under which hydrates may form without presence  of free water.
5. Developing a thermodynamical model that can describe the phase behavior, water dropout, water deposition and hydrate formation as a function of pressure, temperature and composition.

CO2/H2OPLUS: Understanding of hydrate formation, water deposition and water drop-out in CO2-streams - accurate dewatering specifications

A very important part of the Norwegian industry is based on export of oil and gas. The one consequence with big impact and focus is the emission of CO2, and how to reduce it.  In addition to exporting fossil fuels, we have the opportunity to become a lead  player in exporting technology, within the CO2 value chain. To achieve this, all parts of the value chain must be understood, and the remaining uncertainties removed. The project is addressing the transport part of the value chain.


Up to now the potent ial issues concerning offshore pipeline transport of CO2 have not been prioiritized highly on the R&D agenda. There are however uncertainties if todays technology can be transferred directly to upscaled OFFSHORE transport systems for CO2. For instance, CO 2, especially when contaminated, has many properties which will be very relevant for the design and manufacture of such systems. 

Through this project we will provide an overview of the existing knowledge concerning pipeline transport of CO2 and screen t he remaining research and development tasks. The gained information will thus reduce the uncertainty and associated risks when designing, constructing and operating a future CO2 offshore infrastructure.

FORNY20-FORNY2020

Instant 3D Microscopy

Awarded: NOK 0.50 mill.

Popular Science Description

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Funding scheme:

FORNY20-FORNY2020

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