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Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på fagområde

Director R&D Innovation

Our objective in the EU project is to pioneer a more effective and environmentally friendly alternative process for producing high-purity quartz (metallurgy grade quartz) for production of MG-Si.

The project first aim to test and screen some SiO2 sources in order to identify alternatives raw materials for more efficient MG-Si production. The SiO2 sources will be further processed into agglomerates that can be used on the arc furnace for production of MG-Si. The project seeks to use material flows that cannot be used in the production today and thereby increase the yield of the raw material source. The project plan to introduce biocarbon into the agglomerates to further reduce the CO2 footprint of the production process.

The EU project will finally verify the process and product in pilot scale before validating it in large scale (TRL level 7 or higher).

PES: Quartz Enrichment Enabling Net-Zero Silicon Production - QUEEN

With the advance of modern computers, the world is becoming more and more digital. Some tasks, which involved a huge amount of data and seem to be impossible a few years ago, is now solved and used in many different applications. Especially, huge amount o f data containing digital images needs to be processed and analysed in medical applications, biology research, astronomy, internet communication, satellite images for civil and defence purposes as well as many other applications. 
The conference will focu s on, but not limited to the following topics for image analysis and processing: Noise analysis and removal; Image inpainting; Image segmentation; 3D image analysis including shading, motion, shape and edge detection; Analysis and processing of MR images and brain mapping; Diffusion tensor image analysis; Simulation and image techniques for ECG and other medical techniques; and Image processing and data mining for internet communication and information technology. 

Inverse problems for partial differenti al equations have large areas of applications. One heavily studied application is for oil reservoir simulations. Image analysis and PDE inverse problems seems to be unrelated. However, many techniques used by one of these two areas is useful for the other . For example, many of the regularization techniques and segmentation ideas used for image processing have find interesting applications for oil reservoir inverse problems. We shall use this conference to highlight some of the recent efforts in merging so me of the techniques for these two research areas.

"An international conference on PDE-Based Image Processing and Related Inverse Problems" CMA, Oslo, August 8-12 2005

The project is the arrangement of the Third National Conference on Computational Mechanics in Trondheim in May 2005. The project comprises practical, technical and scientific preparations for the two-day conference, including the editing of the conference  proceedings.

Third National Conference on Computational Mechanics - MekIT'05

Multiphase flow simulations is a field of practical interest both to the petroleum industry (transport of oil and gas) and the nuclear industry (cooling of reactors). The main goal of this project is to develop improved numerical methods for the mathemati cal models describing such flows. 

To ensure a continuous high production of oil in Norway, it becomes increasingly important to develop new reliable and cost-efficient techniques to maintain profitability of existing fields. A current strategy, being th e focus of research activities by (among others) ABB and Norsk Hydro, is automatic control systems for flow apparatus (chokes, valves etc) to counter or reduce flow-related instabilities causing strain on the process facilities.

Automatic control apparat us is dependent on real-time information and this implies strict requirements on the efficiency of computer models used to simulate the development of instabilities in transient multiphase flows. Current industry standard computer codes were developed for  design purposes where efficiency is a less important issue. New applications of such codes present new challenges, challenges that current industrial simulators can not handle in a satisfactory manner.

The objective of the project is to develop a new cl ass of accurate, robust and efficient computational methods for solving the mathematical models describing multiphase flows in reservoirs and pipelines. The project builds upon previous research efforts by RF Rogaland Research where new computational tech niques were developed and applied with success to simplified multiphase flow problems. These techniques, denoted as "MF methods" will be refined with the aim of them demonstrably being able to simulate pipeline operations more accurately and reliably than  current industrial methods.

Pressure-Based Hybrid Flux Splitting Schemes for Compressible Flows

Ved norske universiteter gis det i dag en rekke kurs i teori og beregningsmetoder for partielle differensialligninger. De årlige vinterskolene i beregningsorientert matematikk har siden starten i 2001 etablert seg som et supplerende forum for formidling a v moderne beregningsmetoder og som en viktig og populær nasjonal møteplass for studenter og forskere innen dette fagfeltet. Prosjektet vil videreføre dette arrangementet i perioden 2005-2006. Vinterskolene varer en uke fra søndag til fredag kveld og består av omtrent 15 doble forelesningstimer om et utvalgt tema som varierer fra år til år. Forelesningene skal både gi en grunnleggende introduksjon til temaet samt formidle nye forskningsresultat er. I valg av tema vektlegges internasjonale trender og spesielle behov. Forelesningene gis av to til tre internasjonale eksperter. Mellom forelesningene er det satt av tid til uformelle vitenskapelige diskusjoner og kontaktskapende aktivitet. Erfaring viser at det gir en perfekt arena for å skape kontakter på tvers av institusjoner og forelesningsgrupper. Valg av tema og foredragsholdere blir foretatt av en nasjonal arbeidsgruppe.

Vinterskoler i beregningsorientert matematikk 2004 - 2006

The key idea of this proposal is to combine the modern theory of nonlinear partial differential equations with constructive numerical techniques to study rigorously important wave phenomena, many in the context of water waves. For several important nonlin ear partial differential equations of this type a numerical theory is lacking or incomplete. 
The project is built around two pillars: 1. Nonlinear convection-diffusion equations with discontinuous coeffi- cients. 2. Nonlinear wave-current interactions. T his pillar includes a variety of problems describing carefully selected water wave phenomena and extensions thereof.


Analysis and numerics for Nonlinear Waves (NonWave)

Different scale-space methods for independent and dependent data have been developed recently. Such methods are very useful for analysing climate data and medical image data. Peaks in one-dimensional data can be found by the newly developed scale-space me thod entitled posterior smoothing. A two-dimensional version will be developed in the project, which means that we will be able to analyse full images as well as two-dimensional climate data. Project 138460/431 has developed methods to analyse dependent data by use of the frequency domain.  Wavelet decomposition is an alternative strategy for a scale-space analysis of dependent data and will be carefully studied in this project. For real data there is typically only one realisation of the data available. Hence we cannot run the analysis several times to see how stable the results are. The essential question is how to resample the data to maintain the datas original features. The project aims to develop tools like variability plots to quantify and visualize the stability of the results.

New scale-space techniques with applications to climate reserach and imaging

The goal for the proposed project is to investigate mathematical and computational aspects of each step in the chain of DTI processing - from data acquisition to final reconstruction of gross fiber geometry in individual brains. We think this is a good project for a PhD candidate because it involves a succession of well-defined problem types (noise filtering; non-rigid spatial alignment of diffusion weighted image components; robust numerical estimation of a 3x3 diffusion tensor at each voxel; construction of a (smooth) 3-D vector field of principal diffusion directions; tissue segmentation from scalar maps of local diffusion anisotropy together with 3-D anatomical image data to constrain fiber tracking; geometric reconstruction and visualization of fiber bundles expressing brain connectivity). All these are essential parts of the overall goal, and must be solved satisfactory to provide a robust and practically useful tool in clinical medicine and in biomedical and neurocognitive research.

Parameter estimation and geometric fiber reconstruction from MR diffusion tensor images of the brain

In the last decades great advances have been made in mapping the neural circuitry of the brain. This has been facilitated by novel experimental techniques for studies both at the single-cell and systems levels. It still remains, though, to combine all the  pieces in the puzzle to a coherent picture of brain function. While single nerve cells are fairly well understood, the signal-processing properties of the nerve-cell networks in cortex are still obscure. The growth of experimental data has led to a reviv al of so-called rate models for cell networks in nervous tissue (neural networks). In these field models, the probability for firing action potentials, the key information carriers in the brain, is the main dynamical variable. These models assume the form of coupled integral and integro-differential equations, and they describe non-line ar, non-local interactions between different neuron populations. The present project focuses on the study of mathematical and numerical aspects of rate models including inhibitory as well as excitatory neural populations. Both qualitative analytical methods and simulations based on advanced numerical methods are employ ed. The results are compared with on-going experiments carried out by a collaborating research group at Harvard-MGH in Boston.

Mathematical modelling of stability and dynamics of localized activity in biological cell networks

Our aim is to develop numerical methods and software that enable increased understanding of elctrophysiology of the heart. The project will be a part of a larger project named Cardiac Computations (CC) at the Scientific Computing Department at Simula Rese arch Laboratory. The CC-project is concerned with computing the electrical activity of the human heart and how this process generates ECG signals on the surface of the body. The PhD-project wil focus on mathematical and numerical analysis of the model. Simplified versions will be studied first, and then subsequently more realistic models. The goal is to gain a better mathematical understanding of the problem and to construct better numerical algorithms based on this insight. The postdoctoral-project will focus on model development and application of the simulator. One application will be to investigate the possibility of determining the size and location of an infarction based only on surface potential. Another topic will be to look at the trade off between model accuracy and speed. It is likely that in many applications a simplified model will be sufficient, whereas for other applications the current model must be extended further.

Mathematical models and numerical methods for simulating the electrical activity of the heart

A trend in statistical analysis has been to consider more complex models. Such highly structured stochastic systems require numerical algorithms for making inference, which is a field of extensive research. Model evaluation in this context has however not  been seriously addressed. One reason is the formidable computational challenges involved. This project aims to develop tools for model evaluation in complex models, with special emphasis on Bayesian hierarchical models. Evaluation of the appropriateness of a model must involve what the aims of the constructed models are. In some substance sciences, the models themselves are the main interest, and are selected and validated to obtain improved scientific understanding. In other situations the models are primarily tools for estimating quantities of interest, and it is the model's ability to f.ex. predict that has to be evaluated. In this project we shall be concerned with both global and focussed measures, and although our goal is to invent general tools, we will concentrate on some selected applications in telemobile communications and fisheries research. In the comparison of models, computational efficiency is crucial. Development of faster Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms will be addressed with special emphasis on adaptive MCMC.

Evaluation of Bayesian hierarchical models

Mesh-based geometric modelling refers to the modelling of surfaces of 3D geometric objects using polygonal meshes, typically triangular meshes. We are currently seeing a growing trend to model geometry using triangular meshes, and this is especially so in  computer animation and medical imaging, where objects often have complex topologies and the potential advantage of the topological flexibility of triangular meshes is most apparent.
What this kind of geometric modelling frequently suffers from, however, is a lack of really robust and reliable methods and algorithms, due, we believe, to an insufficient supporting mathematical foundation. In contrast to spline-based geometric modelling, which is based on the well-developed mathematical theory behind mesh-b ased modelling is still in its infancy.
The research will focus on a fruitful interplay between the steady development of relevant methematical theory and the parallel development of fast robust numerical methods.

Mathematical methods in mesh-based modelling

The group has over several years worked on solution methods for Compositional Models in porous media. A 3D experimental simulator is implemented and is running om parallell computers as well as work stations. The approximation of convection and overall it eration solution has to be improved. We will develop, implement and analyse characteristic type of methods for this purpose.

An accurate approximation for compositional flow models

We address important, historical tsunami (large destructive wave) events. 1. The Mjølnir asteroid impact in the Barents Sea (142 mill. years BP). The environmental consequences of marine impacts from asteroids are not sufficiently appreciated and understood. The Mjølnir crater is one of the few known marine impact craters and i ts geology has been studied in a concurrent project. Tsunamis from the impact will be computed and comparisons made to geological findings. 2. The Storegga Slide (8000 BP) located on the continental margin oss Mid-Norway is one of the largest known submarine slides in the world. Observations of deposits on land indicate a tsunami of 3-12 m run-up from the same time frame. Tsunami generation a nd propagation will be analyzed both for the Storegga slide and the Trænadjupet slide (4000 BP), located north of the Storegga slide. In addition to the case studies the project aims at general progress in modeling of tsunamis and related phenomena. We will develop generic tools for tsunami propagation and generation, including dispersive and nonlinear effects and dynamic models for sli des and mass gravity flows. The numeric modules will be embedded in a domain decomposition framework suitable nesting and parallel computing.

Tsunamis generated by asteroid impacts, rockslides and landslides

Reduced basis methods are particularly attractive to use in order to reduce the number of degrees-of-freedom associated with a given numerical approximation to a set of partial differential equations; the computational complexity can be reduced to a level  where potentially very complex systems can be simulated. The main idea is to construct basis functions with a large information content in order to reduce the number of basis coefficients needed to reach a certain level of accuracy in the outputs of inte rest. In this project, we propose to develop and analyze reduced basis methods for simulating hierarchical flow systems, which are of relevance for studying flow in a set of arteries or veins, flow in a respiratory system, or flow in a network of pipes. We prop ose to decompose the geometry into generic parts (e.g. pipes and bifurcations), and to contruct a reduced basis for these generic parts by considering representative geometrics snapshots. The global system will be constructed by glueing the individual basis solutions together via Lagrange multipliers. As far as we know, the use of reduced basis methods have previously been limited to finite-dimensional parameter spaces; defining the geomet ry as a generic "parameter" appears to be new.

Reduced basis modeling of hierarchical flow systems

The project will build on already existing state-of-the-art 3D CFD models for river flow and sediment transport. The models solve the Navier-Stokes equations with the k-epsilon turbulence model to compute the water flow. The convection-diffusion equation for sediment concentration is also solved, enabling estimations of bed changes in the geometry. An unstructured dynamic grid is used, with wetting/drying algorithms. This enables the river bed to move vertically and the river banks to move laterally.
In t he project, data for meandering rivers will be used to test the model. A large number of flume studies have been made, with different water discharge, slope, sediment characteristics etc. The CFD model will be tested for these cases and assessments of its  usability to compute meander wavelength, simousity, width/depth characteristics and meander movement velocity. Where the results are not satifactory, the algorithms will be improved and new algorithms will be made.

Modelling of meandering river evolution using CFD

The project aims at developing a new method for modelling behaviour in an individual-based model. The method evolves affective responses to sensory information, and the organisms are capable of receiving several different kinds of impressions simultaneous ly (e.g. temperature, density of conspecifics, light entensity, prey concentration, as well as signals of state of own organism). Since the method is based on evolved sensory responses, and not on evaluation of fitness choices of decisions (as in classica l evolutionary tools), the method can be used in more complex environments than previous tools. It can also (when the gene pool is adapted), perform decisions in a flat fitness landscape, as long as sensory information can be translated to feelings.

Hedonic models of fish behaviour

The use of models with latent variables is important in the management of marine resources. Catch-at-age models used in fisheries stock assessments may contain several hundered unknown parameters, but the are typically only a few parameter of real interes t (e.g. current stock size). We will develop method for estimating interest parameters by maximum likelihood, with the remaining unknown parameters integrated out of the likelihood function. Numerical integration in high dimensions is challenging, particularly in combination with optimization, and new efficient optimization algorithms are required. Estimation is only one part of statistical inference. We will also develop practical diagnostic  tools for latent variable models, and we will develop simulation-based methods for estimating bias-corrected confidence distributions. Finally, we will communicate the results from the project to people working in assessment of marine resources. This is a network project with nodes at the Institute of Marine Research, The University of Bergen, and the Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo.

Latent variable models handled with optimization aided by automatic differentiation; application to marine resource assessments

The project will use DNS to study turbulence in oceanic surface and bottom layers. Such a study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes in these layers such as turbulent diffusion and gas exchange.
The DNS results will also be used for validating an anistropic LES sub-grid scale turbulence model. LES codes are used for processes on larger scale than what is possible with DNS.
The project is a collaboration between Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.
The project aims for educating two experts (the doctoral students) in turbulence and turbulent modeling.

Turbulence and turbulent heat/mass transfer in oceanic boundary layers

Doktorgradsprosjektet i anvendt matematikk ved Cambridge University er innen fagområdet biologisk fluiddynamikk og dreier seg om å utvikle en koherent matematisk modell for å beskrive strømning og osillasjon i biologiske (kollapserbare) rør. Dette arbeide t veiledes av professor T. J. Pedley, Head of Applied Mathematics Department. Det finnes en stor mengde eksperimentelt arbeid på området, men teoretiske modeller har vært begrenset til to dimensjoner og har ikke vært i stand til å beskrive den dynamikken  som har vært målt. Forskningsprosjektet har som mål å utvikle en tredimensjonell modell som identifiserer de fysiske mekanismer som er involvert i å skape den varierte dynamikken vi observerer i biologiske strømninger. Dette innebærer en full tredimensjo nell modell av Navie r-Stokes ligningen. Mer spesifikt, arbeidet vil fokusere på utviklingen av en modell for tidsavhengigheten i strømning i biologiske systemer, noe som vil føre til lineær eller svakt ikke-lineær analyse av stabilitetskarakteristikk i k onstant strømning.

Biologisk fluiddynamikk

Geometric Integration is an interdisciplinary area of research which is applying modern abstract geomterical ideas within numerical solution of differential equations. Situated in the intersection between pure and applied mathematics, computer science and mathematical physics, it is an activity which in the recent years in a remarkable way has combined ideas from these different fields and turned them into tools of computational mathematics. Centre for Advanced Studies (SHS) at the Norwegian Academy of Sc  iences in Oslo has chosen the project Geometric and Coordinate Free Methods in Computational Science as the topic of research in natural sciences for the academic year 2002-2003. 
The purpose of this project is to support Norwegian research in geometric  and cooordinate free methods applied to partial differential equations, before during and after the year at SHS. The project has the following main components: - One Post.Doc and one Ph.D. scholarship for 2001-03. - Support to international workshops in  Norway during the SHS year - Development of computer software to support geometric and abstract concepts in computational science. - Cooperation with leading UK projects on PDEs, geometry, numerical and symbolic computations.

GI4PDE - Geometric Integration for Partial Differential Equations

Gjennom et forstudium er det identifisert behov for videreutvikling av beregningsorienterte matematiske modeller hvor dagens prediksjonsverktøy har store svakheter og hvor de fysiske prosessene er sterkt ikke-lineære. Gevinsten av økt prediksjonsnøyaktige t vil ha stor betydning både for havbruksanlegg, kystkonstruksjoner, skips og offshore konstruksjoner. 
Oppgaven er delt inn i to deler. De to deloppgavene er valgt basert på områder hvor NTNUog MARINTEK ser store mulige gevinster i form av økt prediksjon snøyaktighet og mer optimal design av hav- eller kystkonstruksjoner. 
Hver del består igjen av en metode del, en anvendelses del og en formidlings del. I omfang og budsjett står metode delen for ca 3/4 av totalen. Denne delen er tenkt utført ved dr.ing st udier. Anvendelses delen skal hovedsakelig MARINTEK stå for. Et nettverk vil bli etablert på grunn av sterke fellestrekk mellom anvendelsdelene. Det er viktig å utnytte synergieffekten mellom svært ikke-lineære bølgeproblemer og statistiske metoder. I dag  mangler det statistisk metoder som kan utnytte detaljerte beregningerav svært ikke-lineære problemer med få hendelser i en design prosedyre av marine systemer.

Ikke-lineære modeller for samvirke mellom bølger og konstruksjoner

Ved norske universiteter gis det idag en rekke kurs i partielle differensialligninger og beregningsmetoder. Gjennom vinterskolen ønsker vi å opprette et supplerende forum for formidling av moderne teori og beregningsmetoder til studenter og vitenskapelig  ansatte. Kursene gis på nasjonal basis, og vil dermed være med å skape bredere kontakt mellom studenter ved de ulike unviersitetene og ansatte i forskningsinstituttene ognæringslivet. 
Kursene vil legge vekt på følgende punkter:        - Beregninger og v isulaisering på moderne datamaskiner, med spesiell vekt på parallellteknologi -Effektive beregningsmetoder med vekt på numeriske og matematiske egenskaper. - Implementasjon ved hjelp av moderne programmeringsteknikker og språk (med vektpå objektorienterin g) - Utvalgte matematiske modeller og deres egenskaper      på objektorientering) - Moderne teori for partielle differensialligninger      på objektorientering) 
Utvelgelse av passende temaer og foredragsholdere vil bli foretatt av en arbeidsgruppe beståe nde av folk fra universiteter og forskningsinstitutter

Vinterskole i beregningsorientert matematikk

De siste årtier, med stor offshore-aktvitet, har fremskaffet en anselig datamateriale om havbølger. Vår viten om fenomenet har økt, men ennå gjenstår spørsmål av stor praktisk betydning. Fremst blant disse er spørsmål om ekstrembølger. Norske data om diss e bølgene fra målinger i våre farvann ble i en årrekke karakterisert som målefeil og slettet automatisk. Empiriske data om ekstrembølger er nesten utelukkende bøyedata, det vil si punktdata. Sannsynligheten for at en ekstrembølgehending skal finne sted ve d eb bøye er uhyre liten, så det sier seg selv at det statistiske grunnlaget til beskrivelse av de store bølgene er heller svakt. Vår viten om hvordan ekstrembølger arter seg dynamisk i tid og rom er om mulig ennå svakere. Prosjeketet innebærer å benytte en effektiv 3-dimensjonal numerisk modell til å simulere et havstykke på ca 100x100 bølgelengder (størrelsesorden 200 kvadratkilometer). Modellen er utviklet over en årrekke og er idag antagelig den mest effektive av sitt s lag. Ved å diagnostisere forekomsten av ekstrembølger innenfor hele havområdet, vil sjansen for å påvise dem øke med inntil 10.000 i forhold til punktmålinger. initialdata for simuleringene vil bli basert på realistiske havbølgespektra. En tar også sikte på å utvikle de nødvendige numerisk/matematiske metoder til å studere forekomsten (statistikk) og dynamikk av ekstrembølgene basert på det simulete datamaterialet.

Modellering av ekstreme havbølger og havbølgeklima på mesoskala

The objective will be achieved by means of the following key points. High quality research: 
High quality of the mathematical and numerical research is to be achieved thorugh strongly focus PhD-research topics supported by research performed by postdocs a nd senior scientists. 
Computational Science and Engineering:      Innovative research and development thorugh multi-disciplinary collaboration between mathematicians, computer scientists and researchers within marine environmental science. 
Large scale c omputation: The high requirements for numerical accuracy dictates the neeed for discretizations where the number of unknowns is large, and simulations runs long time intervals. Therewill be a need for scalable parallel methods. 
Software platform:                            To enable an efficient and robust software platform for further education and development, the software development will be based on an existing object oriented library. 
Marine environmental flows: The new computational methods  developed in the project will improve the understandingand computational modelling of the fjords, the home of the phyto-plankton. 
National dimension: Understanding the marine environment is paramount to the Norwegian society. The consortium has nationwi de participance as it involves the three Norwegian universities NTNU UiO and UiTø and the two research institutes Norwegian Polar Institute and SINTEF.

Computational Methods for Stratified Flows Involving Internal Waves

When analyzing time series it is important to have methods for detecting whether a time series is nonstationary and when nonstationarities occur. Significant zero crossing of derivatives (siZer) is a newly developed method to explore features in independe nt data. Fourier transformations can be used to get indeoendent data so taht SiZer can be used to analyze the time series. Splitting the time series in parts SiZer can be run on each part to detect whether the part seems to be stationary or whether there  has beein a disturbance. By running this on different scales it can be explored when the change has happened. 
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation can be used to obtain samples from distributions with a huge number of variables. A 2D version of Si Zer: Significance in Scale Space (SSS) is developed. There are few methods to explore when a stationary state of the simulated data is reached. SSS will be used to develop a method for this since when stationarity is reached there will b e no more signifi cant changes in the time series. By looking at different parts of the time series, information about the correlation structure in the Markov Chain can also be obtained.

Finding features from dependent data

During the last decades numerical simulations has become an indispenisble tool in science and engineering. In particular numerical approximations of partial differential equations are frequently an important ingredient in the design of such programs. Nume rical approx. of partial differential equations aer used in various areas like structure mechanics molecular biology, weather forecasts, reservoir simulations, climate predictions, simulation of colliding black holes and so on. 
Even if the most basic the ory of numerical methods for partial differential is well understood, there are still many challenging problems in this area. The technological development of modern computers has made it possible to consider more complex models and algorithms With improv ed memory and speed requirements. However, in order to understand these complex processes, new challenging mathematical problems arise. 
In the present project we will study the construction of robust numerical methods for systems of partial differential  equations. Hnce, we are studying systems which depend critically on certain parameters, and our goal is to construct numerical methods which performs well uniformly with respect to these parameters. This general approach will be applied to model problems  arising in areas like fluid flow, porous medium flow, alloy solidification, phase transition and so on.

PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa

PES: Quartz Enrichment Enabling Net-Zero Silicon Production - QUEEN

Awarded: NOK 69,999

Summary

Funding scheme:

PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics