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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på fagområde

Daglig leder

Prosjektet går ut på å utarbeide og skrive en søknad til EIC Accelerator steg 2 der det stilles høye krav til både søknad, presentasjon og film.

Støtte til EIC Accelerator søknad steg 2

Europe owns an animal inheritance with a huge genetic diversity, including hundreds of threatened or rare breeds of domestic farm animals, including fish. Animal production systems are constantly changing (intensification and industrialization), and a decreasing number of breeds are now producing an increasing part of Europe’s total animal production. This has contributed to the disappearance of many native breeds, and within populations the genetic base is becoming increasingly narrow. The genetic resource base of Europe’s numerous and diverse native breeds is of great importance to the future prosperity of the European animal production industry as genetic biodiversity allows the expression of advantageous traits influencing adaptability to both changing environmental conditions and emerging diseases. As such, there is an urgent need to protect and conserve animal genetic resources, not just as an “insurance” against acute threats such as climate change or disease epidemics, or a source of genes for contemporary breeding, but also as part of our national heritage.
The Nordic region is characterized by a rich biodiversity in production animals (including fish), including numerous native and rare breeds. This workshop will highlight the urgent need to protect and conserve these animal genetic resources through Nordic collaboration.  The workshop will bring together renown international guest speakers in the fields of animal conservation and cryobiology, as well as representatives from the major animal breeding companies. The major outcome of the workshop will be to put forward a future strategy for the conservation of Nordic liverstock biodiversity. Central to this will be the establishment of a centralized Nordic Gene Bank.

Conservation of animal genetic resources: Towards conserving Nordic livestock biodiversity.

Diadrome fisker er arter som vandrer mellom ferskvann og saltvann. De er indikatorarter for friske ferskvanns- og marine økosystem. I Europa inkluderer dette atlantisk laks, europeisk ål og stør. Historisk sett har disse artene hatt stor kulturell og økonomisk betydning både i og utenfor Europa. Grunnet menneskeskapte faktorer som tap av habitat, forurensning, demninger og fiske, har ville populasjoner av disse artene sunket dramatisk gjennom de siste tiår. Spesielt truet er stør, som i generasjoner har blitt fisket på grunn av dens ettertraktede rogn (kaviar), og nå betraktet som den mest truede av alle virveldyr, med hele 20 av 26 arter listet som kritisk truet. Hovedmålet til IMPRESS prosjektet er å øke vår kunnskap om kultivering av disse diadrome artene for å forbedre kvaliteten til settefisk som slippes ut i elvene. Videre er det et mål å utdanne samfunnet som helhet om viktigheten av diadrome fisker, og om fordelene av friske og mangfoldige ferskvannshabitater. Hovedfunnene i dette prosjektet vil bli presentert på denne konferansen, som er åpen for alle, og inkluderer både forskere og andre interessenter. Særlig viktig er det at konferansen gir mulighet for de 15 PhD studentene i IMPRESS til å presentere sine forskningsresultater til et bredere publikum.

The Atlantic salmon, European eel and the sturgeons are catadromous fishes, and all have major historical, cultural and economic value. However, due to a variety of anthropogenic and environmental factors, affecting both the freshwater and marine environments, wild populations of these iconic species are increasingly threatened. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species over 85% of sturgeon species are classified as at risk of extinction, making them the most critically endangered vertebrate group, while the European eel has been listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ since 2008.
 
Researchers at NMBU are co-ordinating a European Training Network (H2020-MSCA-ITN) entitled IMPRESS (Improved production strategies for endangered freshwater species) aimed at developing new production strategies, critically important for the future conservation and management of these iconic species.  The IMPRESS ITN (2015-2018) involves collaboration between 14 consortium members from seven European countries, and is responsible for training 15 PhD students. The research training in IMPRESS has focused on both developing new production strategies to improve post-release survival, as well as solving current bottlenecks in the production cycle of the eel and sturgeon. These objects have been met by adopting a adopting a multidisciplinary approach, from new in vitro and –omics technologies to reproductive physiology and hatchery design. Further, through dissemination and public engagement, IMPRESS has attempted to increase public awareness to the socio-economic importance of these key species. 
The Arendal Conference represents an ideal forum for the IMPRESS consortium to disseminate its major results and recommendations to a wide audience, both researchers and major stakeholders from both industry and government institutes. The publication of the conference proceedings and the production of a video will aid dissemination to both the research community and the general public alike.

Support for scientific conference: 
Sustaining iconic diadromous fishes: the potential and pitfalls of cultivation (IMPRESS)

Identification and monitoring of potential impacts of oil pollutants is indispensable to avoid adverse effects on ecosystems and natural fish populations. The proposed Norway-Germany bilateral collaboration will focus on developing the stickleback as a bi omonitoring and experimental model, to identify environmental impacts of oil pollutants. The stickleback is increasingly being used as a model species in ecotoxicology, and is the only convenient genome-sequenced fish species with European environmental r elevance. Using the stickleback model, microarrays and other established molecular biomarkers will be used to evaluate the impact of oil pollutants on aquatic wildlife. 
The proposed Norway-Germany mobility grant will enable staff and a Ph.D. student from  NVH to visit the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) which is Germany´s foremost institute in the field of environmental research. Dr. Stefan Scholz at the Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology is heading a research group dedicated to a nalysing gene regulation in response to chemicals in model organisms, and has considerable expertise in microarray techniques. The advantage of applying microarrays in aquatic toxicology is that they provide the means to (i) identify sentinel molecular ma rkers that could be used to indicate an exposure to complex mixtures of oil contaminants (ii) identify major molecular/cellular pathways induced by oil contaminants (iii) identify the predominant groups of chemicals likely to cause adverse effects, and (i v) link disturbed molecular/cellular pathways to potential implications for individual fitness and population development.
The anticipated NFR/DAAD collaboration would facilitate our institute (NVH) in acquiring expertise in the application of microarray  technology to ecotoxicology. This would be of strategic importance to our group, and be especially beneficial to the exchange Ph.D. student, whose thesis project is on the stickleback as an indicator species of oil

Development of molecular markers to identify environmental impacts of oil pollutants

Major oil and gas activities are on-going along much of the Norwegian continental shelf, and it is anticipated that exploration and production will expand in the near future to include new oil fields in the high Arctic. Of major concern is the environment al impact of waste discharges from oil production facilities on aquatic wildlife, especially those of the more vulnerable Arctic ecosystems.  To date, evidence from exposure studies suggest that these oil pollutants have only minimum effects on the well-b eing of aquatic wildlife such as fish. However, these studies are generally based on either short-term or partial life-history tests. In order to account for factors such as bioconcentration, bioconversion and generation effects, there is a need to invest igate the impact of long-term exposure covering multiple generations. 
The proposal aims to evaluate the environmental risks posed by produced water by adopting a multi-generation approach, using the three-spined stickleback  as a model species. The impac t of produced water exposure on fish reproduction will be studied experimentally by evaluating a number of reproductive end-points, known to be sensitive to anthropogenic factors, over four successive generations. These reproductive end-points will includ e male reproductive behaviour, sperm quality, reproductive success as evaluated from fertilization and hatching rates, and sex differentiation. Finally, this project will develop an array of allozyme or microsatellites to use as genetic markers to determi ne if impacted stickleback populations are losing genetic variation over time as a consequence of pollution.
This project will address major knowledge gapson understanding the impact of long-term exposure on aquatic wildlife, and attempt to account for im portant factors such as bioconcentration/bioaccumulation, bioconversion, and generation effects. This would facilitate a more comprehensive environmental risk assessment of chronic exposure to oil contaminants.

The impact of produced water on fish reproduction: a multigeneration approach

Pre-smolts will be exposed to environmentally relevant levels of contaminants known to occur in those Norwegian rivers supporting spawning populations of wild Atlantic salmon. The proposal will focus primarily on agricultural contaminants (pesticides), al though putative endocrine disrupters and acid/Al, which wild salmon are exposed to episodically, will also be investigated. As the olfactory nervous system in salmon (important in migration and homing) is sensitive to a wide range of anthropogenic contami nants, test compounds (especially pesticides) will be screened for their ability to disrupt olfactory sensitivity using electrophysiological techniques (EOG response).
Following exposure during the sensitive period of parr-smolt transformation, smolt phys iology will be evaluated from well established parameters including gill Na+K+ATPase levels and plasma hormone profiles. In addition, hypo-osmoregulatory ability will be evaluated using seawater challenge tests. In order to correlate whether disruption in  smolt physiology and/or olfactory function due to contaminant exposure can be correlated to impaired downstream migration, groups of tagged, previously exposed fish will be released into a river system after the completion of smoltification. Downstream m igration will be evaluated from capture rates in fish traps downstream.
In combining physiological, behavioural and ecological studies, the proposal will determine whether there is a causal link between exposure to anthropogenic factors during the early f reshwater life-history stages and subsequent smoltification, and downstream migration. These results will be of value to existing salmon life-history models in order to predict the impact of water quality on stocks and populations of wild Atlantic salmon.

PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa

Støtte til EIC Accelerator søknad steg 2

Awarded: NOK 99,999

Summary

Funding scheme:

PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics