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Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Employing a decolonial approach inspired by critical museology and Indigenous studies, LIT aims to initiate a visual restitution/rematriation process fostering attention to Sámi people’s experiences during colonial encounters, and to illuminate individual life-stories of women and children photographed by Italian anthropologists Mantegazza and Sommier between 1879 and 1886. It wishes to generate dialogical knowledge of unpublished visual/written materials, enabling Sámi communities of interest to gain access to these scholars’ photographs. In complex socio-historical Indigenous/settler contexts such as Sápmi (the Sámi homeland), Sámi people’s control over their own heritage has proved essential to processes of cultural and ethnopolitical self-determination. Part of the Sámi visual heritage consists of photographs taken - often through mild violence and coercion - by academics engaged in physical anthropological practices involving Sámi individuals of all ages and genders. The resulting academic and divulgative publications circulated in Europe for decades, shaping and reinforcing stereotypes of Sámi peoples and cultures. Photos taken in colonial encounters by late-19th/early-20th century scholars to visualize Sámi people’s supposed biological-cultural inferiority (until a few decades ago inaccessible to the Sámi) have become important means of decolonization and empowerment through art and activism. The visual restitution of such photographs is of the utmost importance not only from a cultural heritage perspective but is also considered by Sámi institutions and individuals as an urgent necessity. LIT proposes an innovative approach based on the co-construction of knowledge and with a gender dimension. I shall reconstruct life stories of women and children photographed by Italian ethnologists, locating their descendants and returning their photographs to their communities. LIT would benefit my career, making me a leading researcher in Sami Studies and museology.

Locating Intergenerational Ties, rematriating late-19th-century unpublished photographs of Sámi Women and Children

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

Kulturlandskap leverer viktige økosystemtjenester, blant annet erfaringsbasert, lokal kunnskap om hvordan man kan tilpasse seg og begrense negative effekter av klimaendringer. Landskapene er sårbare for klimaendringer og andre påvirkninger. Derfor blir kunnskapen kontinuerlig oppdatert og overført mellom generasjoner. Ved å studere seterlandskap i Norge og lignende beitebetingete kulturlandskap i Frankrike og Spania vil vi dokumentere klimaendringer og andre trusler mot immateriell kulturarv. Vi vil beskrive landskapenes egenskaper og hvilke faktorer som muliggjør tilpasninger og avbøtende tiltak, både politiske virkemidler og tiltak i samfunnet ellers. Prosjektet har tre målsetninger:
1. Utvikle en verktøykasse som skal hjelpe lokalsamfunn og beslutningstakere med å vurdere kulturlandskapets sårbarhet og motstandsdyktighet overfor negative endringer ("resiliens").
2. Utvikle formidlingsmateriale om verdien av å bevare erfaringsbasert kunnskap som en levende kulturarv og hvordan den kan bidra til at samfunnet gjør tilpasninger og tiltak mot negative effekter av klimaendringer.
3. Bidra til den vitenskapelige litteraturen om kulturlandskapets sårbarhet og motstandsdyktighet overfor klimaendringer, og til å utvikle strategier for tilpasninger basert på den immaterielle kulturarven.
Prosjektgruppen er internasjonal og tverrfaglig: Amerikanske, franske, norske og spanske forskere skal samarbeide om å dokumentere og modellere endringer i landskapet. Interesseorganisasjoner vil bidra i prosjektstyringen og i sammenstillingen av resultater. Seterbrukere vil bidra med erfaringsbasert kunnskap, og til å analysere og tolke data. I tillegg til verktøy for klimatilpasninger og for forvaltning av den immaterielle kulturarven skal det lages veiledere for journalister, og det skal produseres filmer. Prosjektet skal øke samfunnets bevissthet om immateriell kulturarv og støtte arbeidet med å ivareta erfaringsbasert kunnskap om beitebetingete kulturlandskap.

Cultural landscapes provide essential ecological and sociocultural services and contain insights needed to combat climate change, but they are vulnerable to climate change and other stressors. By examining the cultural landscapes of transhumant pastoralism in France, Norway, and Spain, we will detail climate and other threats to this intangible cultural heritage (ICH), the characteristics and factors that create adaptive capacity in these
systems, and methods for sustaining ICH through community action and policy. The research supports three goals established with societal partners:
1. Develop a toolkit that helps communities and decision-makers assess the vulnerability and resilience of cultural landscapes. 
2. Develop communication resources for the public and policy makers illustrating why threatened cultural heritage matters and how cultural heritage can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. 
3. Contribute to scientific literature on the vulnerability and resilience of cultural landscapes and culturally informed strategies for climate mitigation and adaptation. 
Our team builds on multiple collaborations and deep expertise. The most significant involves French, Spanish, and U.S. partners modeling future changes in the French Basque pastoral system. The Basque Centre for Climate Change specializes in Spanish transhumant pastoralism and ecological modeling; Swiss partners designed tools for measuring livelihood resilience, and partners in Norway have expertise in agricultural landscape change, cultural heritage, and public participation. Societal partners (Syndicate of Soule and Concejo de la Mesta) will contribute to project management and synthesis, and farmers are fully engaged in collecting and analyzing data. In addition to adaptation and management tools, the project supports guides for professional journalists and farmer-made films to spread awareness and increase public support for cultural heritage protection.

Mitigation and Adaptation in Cultural Heritage Landscapes: Lessons from Transhumant Pastoral Systems for Managing
Novel Climate Risks

I et typisk norsk klasserom går det fire år mellom tidspunktet når den tidligst utviklede jenta og den senest utviklede gutten kommer i puberteten. Til tross for disse store forskjellene mellom elever vet vi lite om hvordan pubertetsutvikling påvirker skoleresultater og videre utdanning, og tidligere studier har funnet at både tidlig og sen pubertetsutvikling kan være negativt for skoleprestasjoner. Dette prosjektet søker derfor å frembringe ny kunnskap om hvordan alder for pubertet påvirker skoleprestasjoner og utdanningsforskjeller senere i livet, og hvilke utdanningspolitiske virkemidler som kan påvirke denne sammenhengen. 

Dette prosjektet har unike muligheter til å svare på disse spørsmålene, med ferske data på pubertetsutvikling fra den norske mor- far- og barnundersøkelsen (MoBa) og den danske bedre sundhed i generationer – studien (DNBC) koblet mot registerdata med skoleresultater i begge land. Vi vil bruke gjentatte målinger av barnas høyde for å estimere alder ved største vekstspurt som ett pubertetsmål, og også bruke alder for første menstruasjon eller sædavgang og diagnostisert tidlig pubertet. Vi vil studere hvordan tidlig og sen pubertetsutvikling samvarierer med skoleprestasjoner, hvorvidt dette forholdet påvirkes av utvikling i tidlig barndom og utvikling hos medelever, og om pubertetsutvikling er relatert til utdanningsvalg. Vi vil også studere hvordan et ekstra skoleår etter ungdomsskolen i Danmark kan redusere negative effekter av sen pubertetsutvikling, og om oppnådd utdanning ble påvirket av et frivillig ekstra skoleår i Norge. 

Med et lengre perspektiv skal vi studere hvordan alder for første menstruasjon har utviklet seg gjennom nesten 100 år ved bruk av Conor-studien og MoBa, og hvordan sosioøkonomiske forskjeller i pubertetsutvikling har endret seg siden 60-tallet. Disse dataene vil også brukes til å studere hvordan alder for første menstruasjon er relatert til oppnådd utdanning for kvinner og skoleprestasjoner i neste generasjon.

Within a typical classroom, the onset of puberty occurs four years earlier for the first developing girl than for the latest developing boy. However, it is not clear how these large inter-personal differences affect school performance and educational trajectories, with previous studies finding negative effects of both early and late pubertal timing on school performance. This project therefore aims to provide new knowledge on how variation in pubertal timing affects school performance during adolescence and inequalities in education later in life, and to assess policies that could mitigate adverse consequences of such relationships.

To this end, we will use data from Norway and Denmark that combine cohort studies with extensive register data in both countries. We will use height-based measures of puberty and questions about sexual maturity from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) as well as diagnosed pubertal disorders, linked to school performance from national registers. We will study how early or late pubertal timing is associated with school performance, whether these associations depend on early childhood development and peer context, and whether pubertal timing relates to educational choices. Furthermore, we will consider whether an extra school year in Denmark mitigates adverse consequences of pubertal timing for educational achievement, and whether education was affected by the introduction and abolishment of an extra school year after lower secondary school in Norway. 

With a longer perspective, we will study how age at menarche has evolved over almost 100 years using MoBa and the Cohort of Norway study, and assess how it relates to socioeconomic background during the last half century. This data will also be used to study how age at menarche is related to educational attainment of women and school performance in the next generation.

Pubertal Timing and Inequalities in Education

Demografiske endringer fører til at andelen av befolkningen som er arbeidsfør er fallende. I tillegg til teknologisk utvikling og import av arbeidskraft vil det å beholde unge voksne i arbeidsstyrken i flere tiår være viktig for å kunne opprettholde en sterk velferdsstat. Samtidig viser studier en økende forekomst av psykiske plager blant unge vokse – spesielt depresjon og angst. Denne utviklingen gir grunn til bekymring, både for de unges helsetilstand og deres evne til å stå i arbeidsstyrken over tid.
Det finnes mange ulike forklaringer på økningen i rapporterte psykiske plager blant unge, som for eksempel bruk av sosiale medier, økt skolepress og et mer krevende arbeidsmarked. Samtidig har det blitt hevdet at økningen også kan reflektere et redusert stigma knyttet til psykiske helseproblemer, bedre behandlingstilbud og en økende tilbøyelighet til å søke medisinsk hjelp for psykisk ubehag som tidligere ble ansett som «normalt» , såkalt medikalisering.
YoungPsych-prosjektet vil undersøke om samfunnet har blitt mer eller mindre inkluderende for unge med psykiske helseproblemer, samt om unge voksne med psykiske problemer i dag har større (eller mindre) sannsynlighet for å fullføre utdanning og være aktive i arbeidsstyrken. Videre vil prosjektet belyse i hvilken grad skolepress, stressende arbeidsforhold og bruk av sosiale medier bidrar til økningene i psykiske helseproblemer blant unge. Ikke minst vil prosjektet undersøke i hvilken grad mer åpenhet om psykiske problemer og en økende tilbøyelighet til å søke medisinsk hjelp bidrar til den observerte økning i psykiske diagnoser.
For å besvare disse spørsmålene vil prosjektet benytte seg av norske registerdata og store befolkningsundersøkelser. Resultatene fra prosjektet vil kunne hjelpe beslutningstakere, forskere og den interesserte offentligheten til å bedre forstå de nylige økningene i psykiske helseproblemer hos ungdom og unge voksne, samt i hvilken grad dette kan forventes å påvirke arbeidsmarkedene i fremtiden.

A high rate of labor force participation is an important foundation of the Norwegian welfare state. At the same time, an increasing share of young adults is not participating in the labor market due to mental health problems. Moreover, the share of young adults seeking help for mental health problems is strongly increasing. Together with a demographic shift towards an older population during the next decades, these developments have stirred concerns regarding future cohorts' ability to participate in the workforce. Work force participation is both important for the welfare state and for an individual’s social and economic integration into society. 

Against that background, the YoungPsych-project will provide the best to-date knowledge about (i) the relationship between early-life mental health problems, educational attainment and labor market attachment; (ii) the impact of academic pressure and job characteristics on the likelihood of developing mental health problems; (iii) the extent to which a lower threshold for seeking help and a more widespread use of social media can explain the increase in mental health diagnoses.

With a highly competent interdisciplinary project team, the project will produce new knowledge that is highly likely to move the field forward. The empirical foundation of the project is a uniquely comprehensive register linkage, linked to population wide survey data from the Armed Forces' selection process, and large register-linked longitudinal population-based surveys. These data sources allow for examining changes during the past two decades and to take into account different aspects of mental health, including self-perceived mental health, help-seeking behavior and doctors’ diagnoses. The strength of the project lies in the combination of exceptionally rich longitudinal data, creative research designs, modern data analysis, and important and timely research questions.

Young adults’ mental health and labor market exclusion - causes, consequences, and trends

Prosjektet skal utvikle en ny forståelse av hvordan regionale arbeidsmarkeder og kunnskapsøkosystemer tilpasser seg de store utfordringene med det grønne skiftet. Viktigere enn å undersøke utviklingen nasjonalt eller i næringer, mener vi det er å forstå responser på utfordringene i form av ulike tilpasninger og endringer i regioner. Arbeidsmarkeder varierer fra sted til sted og fungerer ulikt gitt deres næringshistorie, sysselsetting, kompetanser og ferdigheter. Derfor betrakter prosjektet lokalsamfunn og regioner, arbeidsmarkeder og arbeidsliv som sentrale elementer i det grønne skiftet, og ikke som et resultat av denne omstillingen. Etter hvert som det grønne skiftet utfolder seg, vil ulike regionale økosystemer av aktører knyttet til kompetent arbeidskraft tilpasse seg og endres på ulike måter. Dette har betydelige konsekvenser for regional konkurransekraft og inkludering i arbeidsmarkedet.
Vi vil utføre en banebrytende analyse som sammenligner tre oljeregioner som leder an i energiomstillingen i Norge og Skottland. Vi kombinerer en analyse av registerdata som er bransjedekkende, med dybdestudier av regioner som Rogaland, Trøndelag og Nordøst-Skottland. Med det vil vi forstå hvordan lokale og regionale arbeidsmarkeder og kunnskapsøkosystemer utvikler seg og tilpasser seg overgangen til et nytt økonomisk og politisk landskap av fornybar energi og lavkarbonløsninger.
Forskningen har som mål å gi politiske innspill basert på detaljert og grundig forskning. Dermed kan vi anbefale effektive politiske virkemidler for en omforming av regionale arbeidsmarkeder som både er inkluderende og effektive. Mer generelt mener vi at prosjektet vil fylle et kunnskapsgap om arbeidsliv og arbeidsmarkeder innenfor samfunnsvitenskapelig forskning på bærekraftig omstilling.

The importance of labour market restructuring and employment outcomes is recognised in policy debates on green shift, inclusion and ‘just transition’. However, it remains understudied in the academic literature on energy transition. In response, this proposal develops a geographical labour market approach to energy transition, building upon the applicants’ previous interdisciplinary work across the oil and gas sector, renewable energies and labour market adaptation. Based on an international comparative case study of the three O&G regions of Rogaland, Trøndelag and Northeast Scotland, the project will develop a new understanding of how regional labour markets adapt to the challenge of green shift. Our analytical framework builds on the concept of regional skills ecosystems to capture the dynamic relations that regulate employment and skills. The skills ecosystem is a network of interrelated institutions and actors with evolving interactions, roles, and resources are constantly changing. The approach emphasizes both the demand side and the supply side of the labour market. Thus, inspired by the recent debates on challenge-oriented approaches to regional innovation systems, we will explore whether labour market and skills ecosystems need to similarly reorientate and transform from O&G to low-carbon energy industries. The project will provide a better understanding of the geographically uneven process of energy transition from a just transitions perspective. During green transitions, some occupational, social and age groups are likely to be included, whereas others are excluded. Our approach encompasses not only the opportunities for workers moving from O&G to green jobs, but also the creation of a more diverse and adaptive workforce in the face of an uncertain transition. The project offers both a timely and significant opportunity to better understand the scope of policy intervention to support the adaptive capacity of regional labour markets.

Making the green shift work for regions

I det globale nord fremstilles ofte ressursutvinning som "grønne" og klimavennlige prosjekter, mens de faktisk opprettholder de koloniale forhold mellom stater og urfolk. Et eksempel er "grønn gruvedrift" i Sápmi, der metaller for litium-ion-batterier utvinnes. Industriinteressene bruker klimaendring som argument og posisjonerer seg selv som forkjempere for det grønne skiftet. Dette er bakgrunnen for forskningsprosjektet GREENGROWTH, som skal analysere betydningen av "grønne" prosjekter for samisk politikk og handlingsrom. De samiske områdene står overfor to store utfordringer: et økende behov for mineraler og energi for å opprettholde livsstil og industriell vekst, og et stadig økende behov for å håndtere klimaendringer. Vi skal belyse hvordan samiske aktører og interesser kommer til orde og får innflytelse i debatten om miljøvern, "grønn" industri og urfolkspolitikk, historisk og i dag. Vi undersøker hvordan nærings- og økonomiske og samiske interessenter (stakeholders) plasserer seg i debatten om grønn vekst. Prosjektet tar for seg politikk og kommersialisering av naturen, og ser på hvordan klimaendringer påvirker samiske aktører og interesser i det offentlige rommet. Den offentlige debatten om samiske spørsmål er fragmentert, og en av prosjektets arbeidspakker utforsker hvordan samiske interessenter representeres gjennom nyhets- og sosiale medier. Prosjektet belyser samisk motstand mot fornybare prosjekter og utfordrer stereotypier ved å se på samenes dobbeltrolle som både ofre for arealbeslag og økologisk bevisste aktører. GREENGROWTH undersøker gruveindustriens historie, styring og rolle i opprettholdelsen av koloniale diskurser og strukturer, og tar for seg både historiske og samtidige aspekter ved samiske medier og debatten om det grønne skiftet. Prosjektet søker å forstå de komplekse virkningene på urfolkssamfunn og bidrar til en dypere analyse av spenningsforholdene mellom samiske interesser, grønn industri og miljøvernere.

GREENGROWTH will study and compare the positions the Sámi actors and stakeholders occupy and are attributed in the public debate on the Green transition and Green mining. How are the stakeholder groups formed and how are the Sámi stakes and interests weighted by other actors in the debate? The debate studied is concerned with growth-driven Green projects, of which the Green transition is the most recent example. The Sámi actors are analysed as interest-, rights- and stakeholders by utilizing stakeholder theory, settler colonial theorizing, discourse analysis and frame analysis. GREENGROWTH focuses on Sámi framings and responses in this debate. The interdisciplinary, international, multicultural and multilingual research group consists of senior and mid-career scholars with expertise on Sámi and Indigenous issues representing communication sciences, economic history and environmental history. The project will contribute to a deeper understanding of the Sámi political space under swift transformation in conditions of Green transition and the encroachments of resource extraction. Work package 1 is project administration; Work Package 2 will study the key Sámi organizations, the Sámi Parliaments in Finland and Norway, the frames articulated in their social media accounts, and the Sámi news media’s role and framings in the public debate on Green growth. WP3 will analyse the longer history of cooperation between the Sámi and the environmentalist movement, and the effects on the Sámi of being immersed in environmental discourses, with a special focus on the ideologies and projects of Green growth and nature conservation in Finland and in Norway. WP4will study the conduct of mining companies and financial imperialism in the Nordic north by charting the history of the transformation in mining adopting an environmental ideological foundation. WP5 draws together and concludes on the central findings of GREENGROWTH.

GREENGROWTH - Green growth and Sami Stakeholders. Public debate on Green resource extraction in Sápmi

Selv i Norge, et av de mer egalitære samfunnene i Europa, begrenser sosiale ulikheter i tidlig språkutvikling hos barn sterkt deres potensiale for senere suksess i utdanning og arbeidsliv. Derfor er det nødvendig med gode diagnostiske kartleggingsprøver for å oppdage og adressere disse ulikhetene tidlig. Progressive tester for tidlige språkferdigheter er det typiske måleinstrumentet som brukes til akkurat dette kartleggingsformålet. Dagens praksis for utforming av progressive tester er ikke god nok; Hvis vi vurderer at beslutninger tatt ved hjelp av disse testene kan ha en viss innvirkning på livet til medlemmer av ofte sårbare populasjoner (f.eks. små barn i faresonen), er det i verste fall direkte bekymringsfullt.

I dette prosjektet tar vi sikte på å gi et solid metodisk verktøysett som gjør det mulig å mer systematisk designe og validere progressive tester med formål om å legge til rette for det viktige arbeidet til utøvere innen utdanning, skolepsykologi og ortopedagogikk (PPT: pedagogisk-psykologisk tjeneste) som utfører diagnostiske kartlegging for utviklingsforsinkelser hos barn.

Even in Norway, one of the more egalitarian societies in Europe, social inequalities in the early language development of children heavily constrain their potential for later success in education and work life.  Hence, good diagnostic screening tests are needed to detect and address these inequalities early on. Progressive tests for early language skills are the typical measurement instrument used for this exact screening purpose. Current practice in design of progressive tests can be regarded as suboptimal at best and, if we consider that decisions made using these tests can have quite some impact on the life of members of often vulnerable populations (e.g., young kids at risk), outright worrying at worst. 

In this project, we aim to provide a solid toolkit that allows to more systematically design and validate progressive tests with the bigger goal of facilitating the important work of practitioners in the field of education, school psychology, and orthopedagogics that conduct the diagnostic screenings for developmental delays with children.

Screening Early and Adaptively for Language Skills

Norske kvinner har den høyeste sykefraværsraten av alle OECD-landene, til tross for god befolkningshelse. Kjønnsforskjellen i sykefravær er relativt høyere i Norge (ca. 70% høyere hos kvinner enn hos menn) enn i andre OECD-land (cirka 50% høyere). 

Denne kjønnsforskjellen i sykefravær er en stor utfordring når det gjelder kvinnehelse, livskvalitet og likestilling mellom kjønnene. Årsakene til kjønnsforskjellene er i stor grad uforklarlig i forskningslitteraturen. Det finnes ingen evidensbasert klinisk intervensjon som kan redusere eller forhindre kjønnsforskjellen i sykefravær.

Vi vil bruke data fra to store multisenter randomisert kontrollerte prosjekt fra HelseIArbeid-klinikkene i Nord-Norge. Pasienters bakgrunn og videre forløp vil hentes i registerdata for sykefravær, sysselsetting, langsiktige fordeler, bruk av helsetjenester over en periode på 20 år. 

I arbeidspakke 1 (WP1) vil vi utforske seks hypoteser for høyere sykefraværsrater hos kvinner enn menn. Disse inkluderer kjønnsforskjeller i: 
1. spesifikke helseproblemer, inkludert symptomer og diagnoser, 
2. tanker om årsaker til helseproblem og konsekvenser for sykefravær, 
3. overbevisninger om helsebringende eller forebyggende effektene av sykefravær, 
4. opplevd arbeidsmiljø og utfordringer i mulige konflikter mellom arbeidsliv og privatliv, 
5. opplevde barrierer retur til arbeid fra sykmelding, 
6. ønsker, prioriteringer og forventninger til karriere og andre livsprioriteringer. 

Psykiske lidelser som angst og depresjon, samt muskel- og skjelettplager, er vanlige diagnoser for sykmelding, og vanligere blant kvinner enn menn, og et flertall av HelseIArbeid-pasientene er kvinner. I WP2 vil vi teste om en klinisk intervensjon for å forebygge sykefravær, og øke retur til arbeid blant sykmeldte, kan redusere kjønnsforskjellen i sykefravær. 

Vi vil gjennomføre systematiske litteraturoppsummeringer for begge arbeidspakkene i tidlig prosjektperiode.

Norwegian women have the highest sickness absence rate of all countries in the OECD, despite a good population health. The gender difference in sickness absence is relatively higher in Norway (70%) than in other OECD countries (50%), but the gender difference is observed in all economies where female labour force participation is high.

This gender difference represents a major concern in terms of health, wellbeing, and gender equality and is largely unexplained in the research literature. No intervention has yet proven to be efficacious in reducing this gender gap in sickness absence.

We will use data from two large multi-center RCTs on occupational health and return to work. To the best of our knowledge, these two RCTs constitute the largest within the field of work and health service delivery. The first RCT (n=1144) has successfully completed recruitment, and the second RCT (n=2500) will conclude recruitment during 2024. Patient data will be linked with high quality longitudinal register data from three different sources, containing data on employment, benefits, sickness absence and healthcare service utilisation covering a time span of 20 years.

In WP1, we will go beyond the state-of-the-art and explore three existing hypotheses with a novel angle, in addition to two original hypotheses for the relatively higher sickness absence rates in women compared to men. WP1 is based on secondary analyses of uniquely rich data from the RCTs. This level of detailed data have previously not been available for research on the gender difference in sickness absence.

In WP2, we will test the efficacy of a clinical intervention tailored to prevent sickness absence and promote return to work. Preliminary data indicates that there is high demand for this service in women, with a 70/30 split. This is as expected as the intervention targets those reporting symptoms of common mental disorders and/or musculoskeletal problems, conditions that are more prevalent in women than in men.

Explaining the gender difference in sickness absence and testing the efficacy of a clinical intervention to promote return to work in women

Midlene fra PUBL-Publisering/prosjektinform fordelt på år

Midlene fra PUBL-Publisering/prosjektinform fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PUBL-Publisering/prosjektinform fordelt på fagområde

Førsteamanuensis

Les philosophes de la Révolution Francaise (trykkestøtte - monografi)

Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

HESTEFORSK - Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

The term "hunger gap" (no: “vårknipa”) traditionally used in agricultural communities, refers to the period at the end of winter when winter provisions are depleting, yet the growing season has not yet started. In contemporary usage, the term also describes the food situation for wild animals, which may encounter challenging conditions at the end of winter. This situation is particularly pronounced in the Arctic, where the Svalbard reindeer is awaiting new plant growth after an eight-month-long winter. The limited winter food supply has prompted various morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to conserve energy, crucial for overcoming the "hunger gap". The aim of my thesis is to investigate annual and individual variation in what ends the “hunger gap” for reindeer. I will utilize a dataset of activity and heart rate monitoring of ca 50 GPS-marked female Svalbard reindeer. In these data there is a very rapid increase in activity and heart rate from a “winter mode” to “summer mode”, a signal I define as the end of the “hunger gap”. I hypothesize a relatively large annual variation in the date of this switch, cause by annual variation in snow melt, spring temperatures and plant growth. On the individual level I will investigate the effect of body condition, age and reproductive status on the date of the “end of hunger gap” signal. I will be provided with activity and heart rate data from my supervisor, and will myself collect the required data on ground spring temperatures and calf at heel status together with a field assistant in august 2024.

From winter time to summer time – what ends the "hunger gap" for Svalbard reindeer?

The ongoing climatic changes will have undisputable effects on biodiversity and ecosystems. For small ectotherms (e.g. insects) the current state-of-the-art focusses on physiological performances (often measured as critical thermal limits), warming tolerance (resilience) and phenotypic and evolutionary responses. These data provide input to models used to describe expansion – or more often restriction – of species distributions. The climate is changing especially rapidly in the Arctic. Much of the knowledge we have on responses (or lack hereof) to warmer temperatures in terrestrial arthropods is based on studies on temperate and tropic species. Further, the little we do know about the realized warming tolerance under field conditions in the Arctic is based on extreme physiological endpoints, such as critical thermal maxima, measured in the laboratory. The aim of the project is to investigate the consequences of increasing temperatures on behaviour and energy budget for coping with heat under field relevant conditions in Arctic insects. In doing so, the project will generate much needed information on potential overlooked consequences and resilience of Arctic insects to increasing temperature. Here, we want to explore to role of behavior for thermal adaptation and adaptive thermal responses, and assess the energetic consequences of increasing temperatures. The results might fundamental change our understanding of thermal adaptation in small ectotherms in general and the current predictions regarding the resilience to climate change specifically. Thus, there is a potential for reforming the research field.

The role of energy budget in a changing world: Are forecasts missing an important aspect for Arctic insects?

Dette prosjektet, kalt Hukommelse for musikk, fokuserer på det økende antallet mennesker over hele verden som lever med demens, spesielt Alzheimer's sykdom (AD). AD starter typisk med hukommelsesproblemer og påvirker etter hvert daglige aktiviteter. Aktive musikkintervensjoner, spesielt sang, har vist positive effekter på humør, atferd og livskvalitet for personer med demens, men deres innvirkning på kognisjon er ikke godt forstått. Prosjektet har som mål å fylle dette kunnskapsgapet ved å studere effektene av å lære nye sanger på kognitiv, atferdsmessig og hjernemessig funksjon.

Studien vil omfatte hjemmeboende voksne over 65 år med AD fra Argentina, Østerrike og Norge. Deltakerne vil gjennomgå 5 måneder med intensiv musikalsk opplæring (to ganger i uken) og 5 måneder med minimal opplæring (en gang i måneden) i tilfeldig rekkefølge, med en to måneders pause imellom. Intervensjonene inkluderer å lære nye sanger med en personlig musikklærer. Generell kognisjon vil bli målt ved bruk av Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog), og hukommelse for musikk vil bli vurdert gjennom ulike metoder, inkludert atferdsoppgaver og hjerneaktivitet (EEG). Humør vil også bli evaluert i hver økt.

Målet er å inkludere 113 deltakere for å sikre pålitelig påvisning av meningsfulle effekter. Studien vil utforske hvordan humør og hukommelse for musikk bidrar til endringer i kognitive evner, og om disse effektene varierer basert på faktorer som kjønn, alder, AD-stadium, eller tidligere musikalsk opplæring og generell utdanning. Prosjektet vektlegger samarbeid mellom forskere, tjenesteytere og brukere for å sikre studiens relevans og anvendelighet.

The number of people living with dementia is increasing and is high in low, middle, and high-income countries. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, manifests itself initially with cognitive impairment in memory domains, and later affects all activities of daily living. Active music interventions, particularly singing, can help to improve mood, behaviour problems, and quality of life. Too little is known about their effects on cognition, although some promising studies exist. The M4M project aims to fill this gap by measuring effects of learning new songs on clinical, behavioural and brain functioning. Specifically, M4M aims to examine changes in general cognitive functioning and memory for music in non-musician adults with AD undergoing intensive individual musical training based on singing novel songs, compared to minimal training.
        Home-dwelling adults with AD, 65 years or older, in 3 countries (Argentina, Austria, Norway), will receive 5 months of intensive intervention (2x/week) and 5 months of minimal intervention (1x/month), in random order, with a 2-month break in between. Interventions will entail learning new songs with an individual music teacher. At the end of each intervention period, general cognition will be measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-cog) by a person who is unaware of the intervention received. Memory for music will be tested with observations, behavioural tasks, and brain responses (EEG). Mood will be assessed in each session. We aim to include 113 participants; this will help us to reliably detect clinically meaningful effects. We will also examine how mood and memory for music lead to changes in cognitive abilities, and whether effects depend on sex, age, AD stage, or previous musical training or general education. M4M will be conducted in close collaboration between academic researchers, service providers, and service users to ensure relevance and applicability.

Memory for Music: Effects of individual intensive musical training based on singing in non-musicians with Alzheimer’s disease

Compared with research in other business disciplines such as finance, strategy, and marketing, in Norway research in accounting is lagging behind. The situation is fairly similar across the Nordic countries, with a major shortage of qualified people being able to publish in high-quality international journals. The aim of the conference is to stimulate high-quality accounting research in Northern Europe with a particular focus on PhD students and young faculty members affiliated with Scandinavian universities and business schools. 
SARC intends to blend outstanding international accounting researchers with PhD students and faculty who recently have started their academic careers. By giving young faculty and PhD students an opportunity to present or discuss papers and research ideas with top international researchers, we believe that both the quantity and quality of accounting scholars will increase over time. The conference will, in addition to presentations and discussions of research, give ample opportunities for networking and informal meetings as collaborations across institutions and borders is key to succeed in academia.
The type of research that our conference encourages produces new knowledge of the functioning of the capital markets, including the role of regulation and (accounting and auditing) standard setting. It increases our understanding of the incentives of various actors in the market (importantly firm managers and external auditors but also financial analysts and large shareholders) as well as explores the informational needs of a variety of stakeholders (not limited to equity and debt investors). The topics for the conference more recently also include exploring sustainability and ethical considerations related to capital markets, such as reporting of climate change-related risks and managers’ earnings-management incentives.

Scandinavian Accounting Research Conference and Doctoral Consortium 2024

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal  services. The Arctic region is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial  ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg  sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of HgFJORD is to identify the pathways of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognized as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. Earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. HgFJORD will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation. Two sampling campaigns are planned in June and August 2024. The collaboration between the Norwegian Polar Institute and the University of Liege during these two fieldworks will allow the analysis of Hg stable isotope analysis in unique biotic and abiotic samples including marine and glacial sediments, phyto- to macrozooplantlon, birds and seals, and assess the effect of spring blooming (June) and glaciers melting run-off (August) on Hg local sourcing. The empirical output of HgFJORD will be used to develop an adaptive risk assessment and applied management model for the forecasting of the impact of climate change on the dynamics of pollutants in Arctic coastal systems. This will be the main objective of a future project starting September 2024 (From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative tool to assess marine pollution in a changing Arctic (SEASOL); RiS: 12272).

Mercury dynamics in Arctic fjord marine food webs

Tilsynelatende lever vi i tider med uovertrufne nivåer av ulikhet. For å forstå alvoret i problemet, foreslår vi en forskningsagenda som fokuserer på å undersøke de teoretiske fundamentene for formuesakkumulering gjennom både private midler som arbeid eller private selskaper og offentlige finansmarkeder.

For å oppnå dette målet utvikler vi modeller som tar sikte på å utforske konsekvensene av heterogenitet og ikke-omsettelig formue for eiendomspriser og total ulikhet. Vår tilnærming innebærer å konstruere modeller innenfor et rammeverk med kontinuerlig overlappende generasjoner som inkorporerer heterogene agenter. Innenfor denne rammen tilpasser vi variasjoner i inntektskarakteristikker, preferanser, tidspreferanser, tro og lærings-effektivitet blant agenter samtidig.

We live in times with unprecedented levels of inequality. To understand the severity of the problem we propose a research agenda concerned with theoretical underpinnings of wealth accumulation through private nontradable means, which we refer to as private Lucas trees, and the stock market and bonds.
To this end, we propose to build two models to study the consequences of heterogeneity and nontradable capital or trees on asset prices and inequality. More specifically, we use a theoretical tool called fictitious completion, which practically means that an incomplete market is transferred into an equivalent complete market through adjusting the state prices or discount factor. The reason for this is because models with complete financial markets are inherently much simpler to solve. We do this in a continuous time overlapping generations model with heterogeneous agents, where for some specifications we can obtain closed form solutions for all quantities but some of the equilibrium diffusion coefficients of the price processes.
Within this framework, we can simultaneously allow for heterogeneity in the characteristics of the private trees (income), preferences, time preferences, beliefs, and learning (efficiency). We then study asset pricing implications and effects on consumption and wealth dynamics if agents cannot borrow against their private trees.
Next, we study how investment into the private trees propagates heterogeneity into inequality in consumption and wealth. We consider that unlocking the growth potential of a private tree requires an upfront investment. Due to heterogeneity/inequality some will not be able to make the investment. A (wealth) transfer can effectively reduce the heterogeneity but this will come at the cost of deterring some would-be investors that without the taxation to finance the transfer system actually would investment. We ask what are the asset pricing implications and effects on consumption and wealth dynamics in this setting.

Heterogeneity and inequality

Konferansen og sommerskolen for Society of Experimental Finance (SFE) vil finne sted i Stavanger i juni 2024. For første gang vil arrangementet inkludere en utvidet nettverksøkt med søkelys på kvinner i finans. Målet med dette initiativet er å gi mentorstøtte for unge kvinnelige forskere og en mulighet for nettverksbygging for kvinner som forsker og kvinner som jobber innenfor finansområdet.

Vi vil arrangere en paneldebatt der sentrale kvinnelige forskere i finans kan dele sine erfaringer, diskutere utfordringer de har møtt eller møter, og hvordan de har overkommet dem. På samme samling vil kvinnelige næringslivsledere med bakgrunn og interesse for finans fra finansgruppen i Næringsforeningen i Rogaland delta. Tanken er at å koble den teoretiske tilnærmingen innenfor finans med den praktiske tilnærmingen og erfaringer. Vi mener at dette er et svært viktig initiativ og kunne være til stor inspirasjon for deltakerne, siden det er nesten 60% frafall for kvinnelig forskere i finans på veien til professorkompetanse.

Sommer-skole-delen av arrangementet er rettet mot 30 doktorgradsstudenter, masterstudenter og andre som er på et tidlig stadium i sin forskningskarriere og som ønsker å lære mer om fremskrittene innen eksperimentell finans og selskapsstyring.

Konferansen sentrerer rundt diskusjon og formidling av forskningsartikler som søker å forstå ulike problemsstillinger rundt funksjonen og etikken i finansmarkedene.

The project consists of two parts: (1) Ph.D. summer school and (2) annual world meetings for the Society of Experimental Finance in June 2024. About 500 people are currently members of the Society for Experimental Finance (website: https://www.experimentalfinance.org/home). Both activities present and discuss topics relevant to the function and ethics of financial markets. 

The Summer School brings together 30 Ph.D. students from around the world for an intensive 2-day workshop, offered by experts in the field. The summer school is scheduled for 8-10 June, 2024. Olga Rud (Project Manager) offered a module for the 2023 Summer School, and for 2024 Olga plans to teach jointly with other experts. Nadya Malenko (Boston College) has already confirmed her participation in both the summer school, and the conference, as a keynote speaker. Michaela Pagel (Washington University) and Elena Asparouhova (U. Utah) have confirmed their participation as well. 

The Conference follows the Summer School with about 80 scientific contributions and 3 female keynote speakers. The topics for this year are centred on Corporate Governance. The conference is scheduled for 10-13 June, 2024. The sessions combine presentations from Ph.D students and Professors.

In addition to the scientific presentations, the conference includes a novel mentoring session: women in finance. We have also confirmed the participation of the Stavanger Chamber of Commerce Finance Network. The session seeks to improve the diversity in the field and industry, and facilitate networking among the underrepresented groups.

Summer School and Conference on Experimental Finance 2024

There has been great emphasis on quantifying the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane from melting permafrost. However, research on links between melting glaciers and permafrost and nitrogen release has been limited, despite its potential as a direct or indirect greenhouse gas. Recent studies have suggested that weathering of shale and coal bedrock in proglacial/periglacial environments has the potential to be a terrestrial hotspot for nitrogen release into the aquatic system. Mobilised nitrate may be converted into nitrous oxide (a greenhouse gas ~300 times more potent than CO2 on a 100-year time scale), and may impact nitrogen-limited coastal ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. Svalbard is one of these potential terrestrial nitrogen hotspots, and is therefore an ideal place to quantify geogenic N sources, subsequent transport and processing across the aquatic continuum, and eventual marine fate. Last year, an AFG awarded as part of the NITRIRUN project (RiS ID 12255) gathered detailed data from one small catchment near Longyearbyen, to investigate the processing and cycling of nitrogen on land in one small river system. In the proposed fieldwork, we will start upscaling this work. The ultimate aim is to develop a process-based catchment nitrogen model for Adventdalen in southwest Spitsbergen, representing geogenic N mobilisation, vertical nitrous oxide losses during transit from source area to coast, and coastal delivery. A crucial first step in setting up this model is to define the source areas of geogenic nitrogen, and that is the focus of this AFG. Project aims are therefore to establish: (1) where geogenic nitrate is entering surface waters; (2) nitrate concentrations and their variability; and (3) link results to broader landscape features that can be easily derived from readily-available spatial datasets, for upscaling and extrapolation outside the study area.

Characterising geogenic nitrate source areas in Adventdalen

In my master thesis, I will investigate the reproductive success of a Svalbard breeding population of the snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in relation to food abundance. The snow bunting is the world’s northernmost breeding passerine species. Assessing how species like the snow bunting are able to adapt is critical for understanding ecosystem dynamics in a rapidly warming Arctic. Adult snow buntings feed mostly on plant material, but they provision their young with arthropods. By examining how breeding success in snow buntings relates to food abundance, I aim to determine whether climate change is inducing a mismatch between snow bunting breeding phenology and the timing of arthropod peak biomass. To distinguish the complex effects of climate change from the large inter-annual variation characteristic for the Arctic, long-term monitoring data is essential. 
This project is part of the snow bunting long-term monitoring project (SNOWBUNTING, RiS ID 2272) which has monitored the annual reproductive success of snow buntings since 1998. The project registers onset of breeding, clutch size, nestling weight, and fledgling success in response to local weather and largescale climatic parameters. Since 2014, it also includes monitoring of seasonal variation in insect abundance. My fieldwork will cover all monitoring in 2024, ensuring the continuation of the long-term time series. Together with data from the previous years, the 2024 data will be critical to understand the relationship between snow bunting breeding phenology and the timing of arthropod peak biomass. The field campaign is scheduled from June 10th until mid-August. Nest monitoring will require almost daily fieldwork until mid-July. Arthropods will be monitored with pitfall traps, emptied every 4th day between June 10th – August 18th. Collected arthropods will be identified to group-level and their dry weight estimated to investigate seasonal variation in arthropod abundance.

Breeding phenology of Svalbard snow buntings in relation to arthropod abundance

Warming temperatures and a reduction of sea-ice scour opens the Arctic intertidal as habitat for colonization by both seaweeds and marine invertebrates. Indeed, large increases in the biomass of seaweeds and invertebrates on Arctic coasts have already been documented in the past decades and are predicted to continue. To understand the ramifications of this widespread ecological change in the Arctic intertidal, one needs to examine species-specific responses and how these drive inter-species interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Information about Arctic intertidal communities across environmental gradients are few, and even more scarce are studies on: species adaptability, biotic interactions, and regional variability in population and community structure, all of which contribute to ecosystem stability.

We propose to examine the stability of components of the Arctic intertidal ecosystem along an environmental gradient (low wave & sea-ice stress -> high wave & sea-ice stress). Specific objectives are to study the effects of abiotic forcing on i) seaweed morphology ii) the colonization of the intertidal by seaweeds and invertebrates iii) the genetic constitution of intertidal seaweed and invertebrate populations. 

During a field expedition to Svalbard in the summer of 2024, we will perform quadrat and transect surveys of intertidal biota, as well as collect samples for further morphological, taxonomical, and genetic analyses. 

The main challenge is to collect samples at sites that present a broad enough environmental gradient for an impactful study. We can reach a variety of exposed and sheltered sites in Kongsfjorden to achieve the stated objectives. Collaboration with other researchers to obtain freshly collected or preserved material for genetic analysis from Svalbard outside of Kongsfjorden will be desirable to broaden the scientific impact of this study.

Intertidal ecosystem response to an increasingly ice-free Arctic

The most recent population survey of Arctic ringed seals conducted in Svalbard was in 2003.  Over the past 5 years, the Norwegian Polar Institute has been developing the techniques, methodologies and field competence to survey marine mammals using UAV. In 2023 a full-scale survey of all ice-covered areas in the Isjforden area - Tempelfjord, Ymmerbukta, Ekmanbukta, Adolfbukta and Dicksonfjord - was conducted. Van Mijenfjorden to the south and Kongsfjorden to the north are also important areas for ringed seals and, importantly, neither location has had an updated survey since 2003 yet these areas have been consistently highlighted as a high priority for research into marine mammal occurrence, abundance, distribution and population trends. The overall goal of this research is therefore to provide the first population assessment of ringed seals in western Svalbard in over 20 years that includes Van Mijenfjorden and Kongsfjorden. 

The presence of sea ice dictates the timing of fieldwork for two reasons 1) for ringed seals, sea ice is a substrate on which they haul out during their annual moult and 2) sea ice is used as a takeoff and landing substrate for UAV. 

The research group will use a small Polarcirkel as a means of transport around Kongsfjorden to fly UAV surveys using the recently installed 4G network.  Accessing Van Mijenfjorden will primarily be using snowmobiles with sledges from Longyearbyen to the Svea Research Station in order to transport two larger fixed wing UAV to the site and, given the dimensions of the fjord, to move within the site to different takeoff and landing sites to maximise coverage relative to the endurance of the UAV. 

Surveys will be designed a priori to cover all sea ice within each fjord, using a fixed wing UAV fitted with a digital camera, flown on automated flight profiles to collect high resolution digital imagery of each fjord that will be used to assess ringed seal abundances.

Drone surveys of ice associated seals hauled out on sea-ice during the moulting period (part of ARK)

Det bygde miljøet krever en umiddelbar innføring av ombruksstrategier som adresserer ressursavfalls- og utslippsproblemet. Resirkulering og ombruk begrenses av mangel på prosedyrer for kvalitetsvurdering som reduserer risikoen for industrien. 
Derfor er det nødvendig med en resertifiseringsprosess basert på pålitelig, replikerbar og gjennomførbar tilstandsvurderingsmetodikk for gjenvunnet/innebygd tømmer.
Hovedmålene for prosjektet:
Identifisere settet med ikke-destruktive tester (NDT) som er best egnet for omfattende og effektiv tilstandsvurdering (dvs. tetthet, stivhet, styrke, brannmotstand, defekter, fuktighetsinnhold, fiberretning) i tre som er gjennomførbart for in-situ, samt laboratoriemiljø.
Utvikle prosedyrer for etterbehandling av data fra NDT-er for den høyeste informasjonsverdien og kombinert risiko-/pålitelighet-kvantifisering med en omfattende metadatamal for datalagre.
Testing av den utviklede metodikken på en reell case-studie for adaptiv gjenbruk av en fem-etasjes kontorbygning i tømmer. 
Etablering av sirkularitetskvantifisering basert på det reelle potensialet og LCA-prosedyre for langlivede tømmerprodukter, inkludert risikokvantifisering over flere ombruk og resirkulering/gjenvinning – tømmerkaskade.
Utvikle dokumentasjon og retningslinjer for resertifisering for gjenvunnet tømmer som grunnlag for europeisk standardisering.
Ombruk av eksisterende bygninger eller deres komponenter har i dag det høyeste potensialet for å redusere karbonutslipp fra byggeindustrien og begrense etterspørselen etter nye råvarer. Ti-ReX har som mål å forbedre byggebransjens bærekraft ved å muliggjøre utstrakt gjenbruk av bærende trekonstruksjoner - enten i den opprinnelige bygningen med samme eller endret konfigurasjon, eller i andre bygninger. Treelementer i bygninger kan ha flere formål; for eksempel bærende, stabilisering, brannspredningsforebygging, varme- og lydisolering og estetikk.

TiREX project answers to the Joint Call Forest Value 2, topic on 'Sustainable timber building systems'. Focus is put on enabling reuse and life extension of the timber structures by developing knowledge and tools for condition assessment of reclaimed timber. The main barrier to circular economy of timber industry addressed in TiReX is the organisation of timber strength grading and quality assessment of solid timber around the material raw production in the saw mill industry. TiREX is divided into 5 core work packages focused on laboratory testing (Spain), data processing (WUT), pilot project of adaptive reuse of timber (Norway), environmental analysis (Finland), and dissemination and communication (Latvia). Testing reclaimed timber from north, south and east Europe with non-destructive and destructive methods is the core TiREX activity and includes mechanical and thermal performance. Methods of data processing for replicability, accuracy, uniformity, future standardization, practicality and reliability of results in real settings will be developed and tested. Real timber building adaptive reuse project in Norway will provide field laboratory for verifying theoretical ideas and frameworks. Holistic environmental assessment methodology for circular wood industry will be theoretically developed and showcased on the pilot building. TiREX contributes to the call objectives of increased carbon sequestration, optimal carbon storage, circular use of wood, integration of cascading, as well as addresses circular and recycling wood principles, organisational structure and policies and regulation. TiReX project is focused on generating knowledge and procedures that offer huge potential for emission and waste reduction and thus require fast popularization and adoption within construction industry to be impactful. TiREX has strong transnational cooperation to prepare data sets that span wide range of parameters representative for Europe via sharing knowledge and laboratories.

ForestValue2 JC2023 - Smart condition assessment of Reclaimed Timber for eXtended service life of long-lived wood products

Ericaceous dwarf-shrubs are dominant in the boreal, alpine and arctic ecosystems of the Nothern hemisphere, including Norway, and they are strongly affected by global changes. Thanks to their high functional diversity, unique mycorrhiza associations and many plant-animal interactions, ericaceous dwarf-shrubs contribute disproportionally to ecosystem functions and services. Despite this, they are understudied and a comprehensive overview of their roles in ecosystem functioning and their response to climate change is lacking. 

Leveraging the RCN DURIN project network, SHRUBS will gather researchers at different career stages (PhD students, young and established researchers) from a wide range of disciplines and expertise. In the workshop, we will produce a synthesis paper combining a review of the functions and services provided by ericaceous dwarf-shrubs with a bibliometric analysis of the cited studies creating an ideal background for enhanced collaboration across disciplines.

Synthesing the roles of High-latitude eRicaceous dwarf shrubs: Underappreciated Biodiversity, ecological functions and ecosystem Services

Elektrisitet er den foretrukne energiformen fordi den er utslippsfri på bruksstedet og muliggjør integrering av fornybar energi. Å utvide bruken av elektrisitet øker imidlertid etterspørselen etter elektroniske kretser som er nødvendige for å bruke elektrisitet. Kondensatorer brukes for kortsiktig energilagring i alle elektroniske kretser og er enda viktigere enn batterier for å overvinne utfordringene med det økende strømforbruket. En smarttelefon eller personlig datamaskin inneholder >400 kondensatorer, noe som betyr at de fleste av oss er avhengige av tusenvis av kondensatorer daglig. Nye typer kondensatorer, som er nøkkelkomponentene i all elektronikk, må derfor utvikles spesielt med tanke på å oppnå en høyere elektrisk energitetthet. Kondensatorer bidrar også til økende mengde E-avfall, da dagens materialer ikke er resirkulerbare noe som fører til lav gjenvinningsgrad av verdifulle materialer. Bærekraften til fremtidig elektronikk må derfor økes. DYNASTORE vil utvikle kondensatorer med høy elektrisk energitetthet med muligheter for resirkulering og gjenvinning av materialene fra E-avfall. DYNASTORE vil gjøre dette ved å utvikle en ny klasse supramolekylære materialer som består av molekylære byggesteiner som bruker et unikt forhold mellom molekylære rotasjoner og krystallstruktur for å skape høye elektriske energitettheter. Dette oppnås ved å benytte to forskjellige designprinsipper begge med kombinert eksperimentelt arbeid og simuleringer. Lav framstillingstemperatur kombinert med løselighet av de supramolekylære materialene vil bli brukt til å utvikle en enkel prosessering av kondensatorer med en sirkulær økonomi der det verdifulle metallet som brukes til elektrodene kan gjenvinnes og gjenbrukes. Prosjektet vil bidra til å utvikle supramolekylære materialer med funksjonaliteter som lav vekt, framstilling via en løsning og et mer bærekraftig fotavtrykk sammenlignet med de eksisterende materialene som brukes i kondensatorer.

Electricity is the preferred energy form because it is clean at the site of use and allows the integration of renewable energy. Expanding the application of electricity however is increasing demand on the electrical circuitry that facilitate its use. Capacitors are key components in all electronics that need to be developed for a wider range of electrical conditions, particularly for high electrical energy density storage (HEEDS). Capacitors also contribute to the problem of E-waste, and their recyclability must be improved to increase the recovery of valuable materials and enhance the sustainability of future electronics.
DYNASTORE will address the need for HEEDS capacitors with opportunities for recycling and end of life material recovery from E-waste. DYNASTORE will do this by developing a new class of supramolecular materials that use a unique relationship between dynamic molecular orientations at the local length scale and the long-range crystal structure. This combination allows us to simultaneously enhance the maximum polarization, reduce the remanent polarization and increase the maximum electric field range, creating large recoverable electrical energy densities. This will be achieved through two separate compositional design approaches both with combined experimental and simulation work. First, we will use the molecular orientational disorder to frustrate the long-range order, producing relaxor-like ferroelectrics, with zero remanent polarization and large maximum polarizations. Secondly, we will engineer electric field induced phase transitions that switch the materials from zero net polarization to high maximum polarization states similarly as in antiferroelectric capacitors. The low synthesis temperature and solubility of supramolecular materials will be utilized to develop an easy processing of plastic crystal capacitors with a circular economy in which the valuable metal used for the electrodes in devices can be recovered and reused.

Dynamic high electrical energy density storage capacitors

Klimaendringene er et faktum, med økende bevis for og vitenskapelig konsensus om den menneskeskapte opprinnelsen, knyttet til det økende nivået i atmosfæren av CO2, en direkte konsekvens av vår industri og levesett. Selv om det er gjort store fremskritt med å elektrifisere våre hjem, transport og industrien ved å bruke fornybare energikilder, vil dette alene ikke kunne dekke alle våre energibehov. Fornybar energi kan ikke levere en konstant mengde elektrisitet (for eksempel er det ikke alltid sol/vind), og strømbruk er ikke alltid der kilden er (avsidesliggende samfunn, skip, fly...).
I dette prosjektet skal vi bruke materialer som kan bruke fornybar energi til å transformere CO2 direkte til flytende drivstoff, og dermed adressere både energi- og klimakrisene. Vi vil bruke en innovativ materialtype med kobber som katalytisk sete, som nylig har vist seg lovende for dette formålet. Målet med prosjektet er en ny og rimelig teknologi som kan forvandle CO2 til et klimanøytralt og anvendbart brensel.

In a bid to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels while converting it into useful chemicals (synthetic fuels methane and methanol), the project undertakes the development of new advanced materials with accurately designed, abundant, and accessible electrochemically active sites. 
Albeit there is a tremendous body of work into electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, several competing products, high process energy demand, and materials costs remain roadblocks for large-scale applications.
Our approach to overcoming the above challenges is the development and assessment of a new family of 3-dimensional metal-organic frameworks based on copper(i) centres, coordinated to two heterocyclic nitrogen and two carboxylic oxygen atoms. Such moieties have recently been suggested as active and selective in CH4/CH3OH production, which are both promising synthetic fuels offering carbon-neutral alternatives of fossil fuels, without a need for infrastructural changes. In addition, MOFs are highly porous and uniform, thereby allowing for a great concentration of accessible redox sites.
We will employ a combined effort of materials design and performance testing both in the liquid- and gas phases, exploring lower- and higher risk approaches, respectively. It should be noted that MOFs have particularly high capacity for local CO2 densification, which is promising for gas-phase processes. The structural and compositional evolution of species will be explored using state-of-the-art spectroscopic and scattering techniques, which, combined with theoretical modelling, will enable us to unravel the relevant reaction mechanisms for selected electrocatalysts.
This effort will help us understand the requirements for the advanced materials to perform well in the electrocatalytic conversion of waste CO2 into value-added synthetic fuels methane and methanol, and thus to optimise performance. 
Such approach will greatly contribute to the green energy transition offering a reliable alternative for energy storage.

PUBL-Publisering/prosjektinform

Les philosophes de la Révolution Francaise (trykkestøtte - monografi)

Awarded: NOK 56,041

Funding scheme:

PUBL-Publisering/prosjektinform

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics