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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Midlene fra MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015 fordelt på år

Midlene fra MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015 fordelt på fagområde

Professor

LAND:  Predicting the fate of transgenes horizontally transferred into bacteria - a population genetics approach

Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

Equint metabolsk syndrom (EMS) er en samlebetegnelse på risikofaktorer for hormonelt betinget forfangenhet hos hest. Forfangenhet er en frekvent og svært alvorlig, smertefull tilstand som rammer hestens høver; lidelsen behandles i dag kun symptomatisk, og ender ofte fatalt. Tyngre hesteraser og ponnier, samt overvektige individ, er spesielt utsatt. Dysregulering av insulin er sentralt i den hormonelle driveren for forfangenhet, og har de siste årene fått mye oppmerksomhet i forfangenhetsforskning. Dette har blant annet resultert i noe evidens for at legemiddelgruppen natrium-glukose ko-transportør (SGLT) hemmere kan forebygge hormonelt betinget forfangenhet, ved å øke utskillelsen av glukose i urinen, som igjen påvirker insulinresponsen. 

Legemidler i SGLT-gruppen, slik som canagliflozin, er per i dag registrert til behandling av type 2 diabetes (T2D) i humanmedisinen. SGLT2 oppreguleres i nyren hos T2D pasienter, og behandling med SGLT-hemmere har vist å gi både vekttap og økt glycemisk kontroll. Det er imidlertid rapportert noen få, men potensielt alvorlige bivirkninger, slik som hypoglycemi-episoder og urinvegsinfeksjoner. 

Det eksisterer begrenset kunnskap om denne legemiddelgruppen, samt de transportmolekylene de påvirker, hos hest. Dette prosjektet tar sikte på å studere farmakokinetikk og farmakodynamikk ved bruk av canagliflozin hos hest, samt å foreta en sikkerhets-studie ved bruk av canagliflozin hos tre ulike hestetyper (varmblodstravere, ponnier, og islandshester).

Den første eksperimentelle studien i prosjektet har blitt gjennomført. 8 friske varmblodstravere ble inkludert i et randomisert 3-behandlings cross-over design, der hestene fikk placebo-behandling; 1.8 mg/kg canagliflozin, og 3.6mg /kg canagliflozin. Fire timer etter behandlingen fikk hestene en glukose toleranse test. Blod og urin ble samlet gjennom forsøksperioden. Foreløpige data-analyser viser at canagliflozin-behandling resulterte i lavere blodglukose og insulin sammenlignet med placebo, men det var ingen forskjell mellom de ulike doseringene av canagliflozin. .

It is hypothesized that canagliflozin increase the amount glucose secreted in urine with an acceptable safety profile and thereby subsequently decrease insulin blood concentration and the risk for laminitis in horses with insulin dysregulation. 

Part I – Plasma exposure and effect in healthy horses
The aim of this part of the study is to characterize the canagliflozin plasma concentration-time course and PD after oral administration of canagliflozin. Eight standardbred horses, eight ponies and eight Icelandic horses will be used in three separate experiments (two treatment cross-over studies) in order to investigate the pharmacology and potential breed differences for canagliflozin.

Part II – Population study on clinically ill horses
Blood samples from horses enrolled in another study (diagnosed with EMS and treated with canagliflozin)  will be analyzed for canagliflozin and included in this project in order to provide information about safety, PK and PD in a greater population with a metabolic disorder. These factors are important to include in the pharmacological studies since they might be sources of variation (vide infra) that affects e.g. the PK and consequently the dosing regimen.

HESTEFORSK Optimize canagliflozin doses - decrease hyperinsulinemia and prevent laminitis H-21-47-641

Ortopediske lidelser som gir halthet er et stort dyrevelferdsmessig problem hos hest. Bakbeinshaltheter kan være vanskelig å evaluere og diagnostisere, og feil eller manglende diagnose vil kunne medføre feil eller manglende behandling. Hos humane idrettsutøvere er smerte i kneskålsenen, såkalt 'jumpers knee', en velkjent tilstand. Hos menneske karakteriseres 'Jumpers knee' av innvekst av blodkar og nerver i senevevet. Per i dag vites lite om tilsvarende lidelse finnes hos hest, og det overordnede formålet med dette prosjekter er å karakterisere kneskålligamentene hos hest, og en eventuell relasjon til halthet. 
Studiens første delmål er å karakterisere innervering og vaskularisering av kneskålligamentene hos uhalte hester. Dette er hittil ikke beskrevet i veterinærmedisinsk litteratur, hvilket vanskeliggjør klinisk tolkning av f.eks ultraydfunn. Dette arbeidet er i ferd med å ferdigstilles og publiseres. 
Kunnskap fra den første delstudien danner grunnlaget for studiens andre delmål: tolkning av ultralydsundersøkelser av kneskålligamenter hos en kohort ridehester med kjent halthetsstatus, vurdert ved både subjektiv og objektiv halthetsundersøkelse. Datainnsamlingen til denne delstudien er i ferd med å avsluttes. 
Studiens tredje delmål er å etablere en modell for induksjon av lavgradig, forbigående halthet ved injeksjon av en liten mengde hypertont saltvann i det midtre patellarligamentet. Halthet vil karakteriseres ved objektiv halthetsanalyse, og etter at modellen er etablert, vil en metode for diagnostisk anestesi av ligamentene utvikles. Pilot-data for denne delstudien er tilgjengelig, og både halthetsmodellen, samt modellen for diagnostisk anestesi, er under utvikling.

'Jumpers Knee' is a well-described clinical entity in human athletes, characterized by nerve ingrowth and neovascularization of the patellar tendon leading to knee pain. To date, the role of the patellar ligaments in hind limb lameness in horses has not been scientifically investigated. By using objective motion analysis methods, we have detected a surprisingly high prevalence of 'push-off' hind limb lameness in sport horses, and pilot data from these horses suggests that this push-off lameness may indeed originate from pathology in the patellar ligament region. However, detailed anatomical descriptions of normal equine patellar ligaments are lacking, and similarly, there are no descriptions of normal versus abnormal diagnostic imaging findings regarding patellar ligament vascularisation. Therefore, we propose a multimodal investigative approach of the patellar ligament region, including anatomical, clinical and pathological studies of this particular region, to assess the potential role in equine hind limb lameness.

HESTEFORSK Is 'Jumpers Knee' a clinical entity in horses? An investigation of patellar desmopathy as a cause of stifle lameness H-18-47-393

På grunn av sine særegne gangarter og hurtige fot-forflytning er klinisk halthetsundersøkelse av islandshester spesielt utfordrende i klinisk veterinærpraksis. Islandshester øker i antall og popularitet både i Skandinavia og i resten av Europa. Det er dermed behov for økt kunnskap og forståelse av halthet hos denne rasen. Teknologi for objektiv halthetsanalyse har hittil kun vært tilgjengelig for analyse i trav. Hovedformålet med denne studien var dermed å utvikle en metode for objektiv gangartsanalyse av alle de fem gangartene hos Islandshest. 
Gangartsdata fra et sensor-basert objektivt halthetsanalysesystem ble brukt for å utvikle algoritmer for å gjenkjenne når hesten setter hoven i bakken og løfter den opp, via validering mot en kraftmåleplate. Ved bruk av disse algoritmene, gjenkjenner systemet riktig gangart hos Islandshester i 98.9% 
Mild halthet ble indusert på 21 Islandshester, der bevegelsesmønsteret ble registrert med det samme halthetsanalysesystemet før og etter halthetsinduksjon. De nyutviklede algoritmene for gangartsgjenkjenning ble applisert til dette datasettet, samt for et datasett fra 80 friske Islandshester. Resultatene fra denne studien viser at hodets vertikale bevegelsesasymmetri kan brukes for å detektere frambeinshalthet i skritt og trav, men ikke i tølt. Vertikal bevegelsesasymmetri av krysset, kan brukes for å detektere bakbeinshalthet i trav, men ikke i tølt og skritt.  
Oppsummert viser disse resultatene at gangartsklassifisering som skiller mellom skritt, trav, galopp, tølt og pass kan gjøre automatisk. Asymmetrivariabler som brukes til å vurdere halthet i trav, kan imidlertid ikke brukes når hesten beveger seg i tølt. Ytterligere analysering av dette datasettet kan på sikt identifisere brukbare asymmetrivariabler for halthetsanalyse i tølt.

Icelandic horses are increasingly popular in Sweden and Norway. Their strength lies in their unique gaits, however, in
lame horses this trait becomes a weakness. Evaluating not only lameness but also the leg of origin for lameness in
any gait other than trot is exceptionally challenging. Today, we lack the most basic knowledge of how Icelandic horses
move in the different gaits and how these gaits change in the event of lameness. Biomechanical research on
lameness has excelled due to the use of automatic computerized sensor analysis. However, such analysis is currently
limited to use during trot.The aim of this project is to study how Icelandic horses move in the different gaits; develop
new algorithms for automatic classification and coding of these gaits; as well as identify sensitive symmetry variables
to detect not only lameness but also origin of lameness in the different gaits. These findings can also be used to
quantify gait traits for genetic studies as well as a breeding tool.

HESTEFORSK: Objective gait and lameness detection in Icelandic horses H-17-47-303

Autologt kondisjonert serum (AKS) er per i dag i klinisk bruk som intra-artikulær behandling ved leddbetennelser hos hest og menneske, til tross for at innholdet i slike produkter fremdeles er lite kartlagt. Mekanismene bak en eventuell positiv klinisk effekt er heller ikke kjent. Dette prosjektet tar sikte på å undersøke innhold av cellesignalstoff (cytokiner) og vekstfaktorer i AKS, samt å undersøke klinisk effekt ved behandling av halte hester, og å undersøke effekt ved AKS-behandling av bruskceller i cellekultur. Prøvematerial fra 20 klinisk halte hester har blitt samlet inn og analysert, og de første cellekulturene har blitt satt opp for metodeutvikling og behandlingsregimer- dette arbeidet er fortsatt pågående.
Behandlede hester ble delt i to grupper basert på respons til behandlingen: respondere ble definert som de hestene som ikke viste utgangshalthet og der bøyeutslaget var minimum halvert ved oppfølgingskontrollen. Regresjonsanalyser ble brukt for å undersøke sammenhenger mellom respons, alder, haltehtsscore ved inklusjon, oppfølgningstid, og innholdet i AKS av ulike cellesignalstoff og vekstfaktorer (IL-1Ra, IL-1?, IL-1Ra/Il-1 ? ratio, IL-10, IGF-1, TGF-? og TNF-?). Av 20 hester var det 11 respondere og 8 non-respondere; 1 hest ble ekskludert fra studien fordi den mottok ytterligere leddbehandling i studieperioden. Det var store individuelle forskjeller i AKS-nivået av cellesignalstoff og vekstfaktorer. Nivå av IL-1Ra og IGF-1 var signifikant høyere i AKS i responder-gruppen enn i non-responder gruppen. Dette tyder på at en terapeutisk effekt av AKS kan tilskrives høyere nivå av nettopp disse stoffene.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a condition involving inflammation and joint destruction, is a common cause of lameness in horses. There is a need for safe and effective disease-modifying treatments against OA. Autologous biological products such as autologous conditioned serum (ACS) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are currently used as intra-articular treatments even though the scientific evidence of positive effects is limited. The products are derived from the patient?s own blood and the complete content and mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The purpose of this project is to define the individual components of the preparations in vivo and characterise their effects on inflamed articular cartilage in a well-established in vitro system. Additionally, individual differences and different methods of preparations will be studied. This will increase the scientific knowledge about the blood-derived products and guide recommendations for their use. 
The composition of ACS and PRP will be explored in vivo and the effects on articular cartilage will be studied in vitro. 
Established methods for in vivo as well in vitro studies are available (Fjordbakk et al. 2015, Svala et al. 2015, Löfgren's thesis 2016). Commercial kits for preparation of ACS and PRP commonly used in equine practice will be used and thereby yield clinically relevant results.

HESTEFORSK Autologous biological treatments - content and effect on joint inflammation H-16-47-182

Tradisjonell halthetsundersøkelse baserer seg i stor grad på veterinærens subjektive vurdering av om hesten viser asymmetriske bevegelser, og det er spesielt utfordrende å undersøke hester som beveger seg i høy fart. Subjektiv halthetsvurdering kan komplementeres med objektive, sensor-baserte systemer som med stor grad av nøyaktighet måler hestens bevegelsesasymmetri. Tidligere studier har vist at de aller fleste ridehester i trening beveger seg asymmetrisk. Det mangler derimot kunnskap om den biologiske og kliniske relevansen av målt bevegelsesasymmetri. Utfordringen er å kunne skille mellom et asymmetrisk bevegelsesmønster på grunn av en biologisk, individuell variasjon hos hesten og et asymmetrisk bevegelsesmønster på grunn av smerte (halthet) hos hesten. I tillegg er den mulige årsakssammenhengen mellom graden av målt bevegelsesasymmetri og utviklingen av klinisk halthet uklar. Ytterligere kunnskap om denne sammenhengen kan forhåpentligvis føre til tidligere oppdagelse av klinisk halthet, noe som vil øke hestevelferden.

Formålet med denne prospektive longitudinelle studien, var å undersøke forekomst og størrelse av bevegelsesasymmetri ved hjelp av et objektiv analysesystem, hos en gruppe unge varmblodstravere, fra disse hestene startet sin treningskarriere som åringer, frem til slutten av 3-års sesongen. 

Varmblodstravere ble rekruttert til studien som åringer, rett etter at de var satt i trening. Studieperioden var to år, fram til slutten av treårssesongen. Bevegelsesasymmetri ble målt ved hjelp av et «inertial measurement unit» (IMU) system, der sensorer festes direkte på bestemte anatomiske punkter på hesten. Innsamlet data behandles av spesialutviklet programvare som regner ut hvor symmetrisk hesten beveger seg. Hestene ble målt i trav ved mønstring for hånd og under kjøring. Data ble samlet inn fra 13 ulike treningsstaller i Norge og Sverige omtrent hver tredje måned, og studien omfattet 114 åringer. 

I løpet av de første månedene hestene var i trening hadde en stor andel (94%) av åringene asymmetriverdier som oversteg de terskelverdiene som er i klinisk bruk. De fleste hestene hadde mild asymmetri. Flertallet av disse svært unge hestene er noe ukoordinerte og «viltre», noe som gjør at det blir stor variasjon i dataen som samles inn (verdiene som måles spriker mer enn ønskelig). Sammenligning av asymmetridata fra mønstring for hånd med data fra kjøring på travbanen viste ingen endring i asymmetri på gruppenivå, men den individuelle variasjonen var derimot stor. Enkelte hester hadde ett asymmetrimønster når de ble travet for hånd, og et annet mønster når de ble kjørt på banen. Dette illustrerer hvor viktig det er å vurdere travhester under kjøring i tillegg til for hånd ved kliniske halthetsundersøkelser. 

Gjennom hele den toårige studieperioden ble det observert betydelig bevegelsesasymmetri hos hestene. De fleste hestene viste mild til moderat bevegelsesasymmetri, og en mindre andel hester hadde moderat til kraftig asymmetri. Det var tegn til en viss økning i graden av bakbensasymmetri over tid på gruppenivå, men disse resultatene må tolkes med forsiktighet fordi et stort antall hester forlot studien før det var gått to år, mange på grunn av halthet som forsinket eller forhindret videre trening. Bruk av terapeutiske leddbehandlinger var den hyppigst forekommende ortopediske veterinærbehandlingen, vanligst forekommende hos treårige travere. Blant hestene som deltok under hele studieperioden var det kun et fåtall som ikke ble behandlet i ett eller flere ledd. Til tross for dette fullførte > 70% av hestene godkjente prøveløp før slutten av treårssesongen. Av hestene i studien deltok 64% i ordinære løp i samme periode. Dette er en høyere prosentandel enn det nasjonale gjennomsnittet for denne aldersgruppen; en årsak til dette kan være at det kun ble rekruttert hester fra profesjonelle trenere.

Many horses in training show motion asymmetries, but it is not known if these are due to pain caused by training; or
due to individual biological variations. The aim of this project is to initiate three cohort studies where changes in
motion symmetry will be monitored over time in riding horses and trotters. The prevalence and degree of motion
asymmetry will be studied in young horses before and after training is initiated and in adult riding horses competing on
advanced level. The project will give us important information on when asymmetries arise and how they develop over
time. If horses have mild motion asymmetries that do not change over time, with different types of training, this could
indicate natural persistent asymmetries. The proposed study is also highly useful for future studies where detailed
information on training and management may lead to identification of risk factors for development of orthopedic
lesions and improve interpretation of clinical use of motion symmetry.

HESTEFORSK "As time goes by": movement symmetry in trotters and riding horses from rookie to athlete H-16-47-178

Autologt kondisjonert serum (AKS) er en form for biologisk leddbehandling som brukes i hestepraksis. AKS lages fra pasientens eget blod, ved at blodcellene stimuleres til å produsere kroppens egne betennelsesdempende stoff (cytokiner og vekstfaktorer). Sluttproduktet, kjent som AKS, sprøytes tilbake i det vonde leddet og kan gi bedring leddbruskskader og reduserte kliniske tegn i form av halthet og leddfylning. 
Det er påvist store forskjeller i innholdet av cytokiner og vekstfaktorer i AKS preparert fra ulike hester. Det eksisterer heller ikke noen retningslinjer for når AKS kan prepareres fra den enkelte hest, for eksempel i forhold til leddkirurgi. All kirurgi forårsaker en viss stressrespons hos hesten, som kan måles i stigning av akuttfaseprotein. Formålet med prosjektet var å identifisere eventuelle sammenhenger mellom akuttfaseprotein-stigning utløst av kirurgi, og nivå av cytokiner og vekstfaktorer i AKS. Vi fant en signifikant sammenheng mellom høye akuttfaseproteiner (post-operativt) og lavere nivå av cytokiner og vekstfaktorer i AKS. Resultatene forventes brukt til å etablere retningslinjer for optimal timing av AKS-preparering for hester som skal eller har gjennomgått kirurgi, og dermed bidra til en ?best practice? standard.

Autologt kondisjonert serum (AKS) er en ny form for leddbehandling som brukes i hestepraksis. AKS lages fra pasientens eget blod, ved at blodcellene stimuleres til å produsere kroppens egne betennelsesdempende stoff (cytokiner og vekstfaktorer). Sluttprod uktet, kjent som AKS, sprøytes tilbake i det vonde leddet og kan gi bedring av halthet og bedring av leddbruskskader. 

Det er imidlertid påvist store forskjeller i innholdet av cytokiner og vekstfaktorer i AKS mellom hester, og det foreligger ingen retni ngslinjer for når AKS kan prepareres fra den enkelte hest, for eksempel i forhold til leddkirurgi. Det svenske Läkemedelsverket fraråder bruk av AKS i hestepraksis på bakgrunn av manglende dokumentasjon om innhold av aktiv substans. 

Formålet med prosjek tet er å analysere innholdet av aktiv substans i AKS fra friske hester, før og etter en elektiv operasjon, for å identifisere assosiasjoner til dyre-relaterte faktorer. Resultatene vil bidra til retningslinjer for bruk av AKS i hestepraksis.

MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015

LAND: Predicting the fate of transgenes horizontally transferred into bacteria - a population genetics approach

Awarded: NOK 2.2 mill.

Funding scheme:

MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics