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Tørkeperioder kan gjøre bakken hardere og frastøte seg vann, dette fører til økt fare for flom og jorderosjon hvis det skulle komme styrtregn. Sammenfallende hendelser hvor en tørkeperiode ender i styrtregn kan derfor forårsake større skader på infrastruktur og avlinger enn enkelthendelser med kun tørke eller styrtregn. Global oppvarming har forårsaket at både tørkeperioder og styrtregn intensiveres og skjer oftere, som også kan føre til at sammenfallende hendelser med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn også kan intensiveres og skje oftere. 
Selv om det er funnet en økning i tørkeperioder og ekstremnedbør med global oppvarming også i klimamodellene, er det også en stor spredning mellom modellene på hvor mye og i hvilke områder som opplever mer tørke og nedbør. Prosjektet vil undersøke faktiske historiske hendelser hvor tørkeperioder endte i styrtregn i værobservasjoner og værmodelldata for å finne passende indekser som kan brukes til å analysere hvordan de forekommer i klimamodellene. Modeller på finere skala gjør en bedre jobb med å modellere nedbør, prosjektet vil derfor bruke finskala høytoppløselige klimamodeller og globale klimamodeller for å se hvordan tørkeperioder avsluttet med styrtregn forekommer i disse. De modellene som gjør det godt opp mot observasjoner vil bli identifisert.  Videre vil prosjektet studere endringene i hyppighet og intensitet av sammenfallende hendelser med tørke og styrtregn med global oppvarming.
En av grunnene man vet til hvorfor det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til hvordan klimamodellene gjenskaper nedbørsmønstre er hvordan fordamping varierer over skog- og andre arealer. I prosjektet vil vi se på effekten av avskoging og økt skogbruk i globale modeller, og gjøre egne beregninger over mindre areal på finskala for å for å se hvordan fordamping blir påvirket. Resultatene av prosjektet er viktig får å unngå eller minimere skadene slike sammenfallende med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn kan forårsake.

Global warming intensifies drought and extreme precipitation. Compound events with droughts ending in intensified precipitation - DRIP can cause large damages but are extremely understudied. This project aims to estimate the change in frequency and intensity of DRIP events with global warming due to changes in the water-cycle. We will identify actual historical compound DRIP events and find indices that are suitable to identify these events in model data. As global climate models show a large spread in precipitation for both historical and the different future climate projections, there is expected to be a spread in model projections of DRIP events as well. We will constrain this spread by identifying global climate models that do a good statistical representation of historical DRIP events and by analyzing large ensembles to evaluate the natural variability. As higher resolution modelling shows a better representation of the water cycle, the project will analyze regional downscaled global models in identified regions of interest.  We will also perform in-house regional simulations of identified global models down to convection permitting scale to study the change in DRIP events with model resolution. The project will also target a highlighted uncertainty connected to the water-cycle by exploring how evapotranspiration and the occurrence of DRIP events found in climate models respond to land use change. For this analysis we will extend the regional downscaling to include sensitivity studies which contain deforestation and forestation. Results gained from DRIP will make a large contribution to the knowledge needed on future mitigation measures due to the increase in compound events.

DRIP - DRought ending in Intensified Precipitation

Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Prosjektet går ut på å invitere forskere fra norske eller utenlandske universiteter til å presentere sin forskning om økonomi og klima ved Handelshøyskolen ved Universitetet i Stavanger (HHUiS).

Dette skjer i form av et seminar som vanligvis finner sted en gang i uken. En kjent forsker fra et annet universitet kommer til Stavanger og holder et 60-minutters seminar og har en rekke møter med forskere i Stavanger. Vi prøver å ha minst 6-8 møter per gjest. I tillegg spiser gjesten lunsj og middag med UiS-ansatte.

Disse seminarene er en del av en eksisterende seminarserie som også tar for seg andre klimaspørsmål. En stor del av seminarene er imidlertid fokusert på klimaendringer og økonomi, og det er kun til disse seminarene vi søker midler.

En aktiv seminarrekke er hjertet i et forskningsuniversitet, og svært viktig for at forskerne ved universitetet skal kunne utvikle seg og være en aktiv del av det globale forskningsmiljøet. Dessverre må vi av budsjettmessige årsaker kutte ned på denne aktiviteten i år og fremover, og derfor sender vi denne søknaden for å be om midler til denne aktiviteten.

UiS har et meget energisk forskerteam innen økonomi og klima. For eksempel ble Dora Simons forskning nylig nevnt i The Economist, Anders Åkermans forskning ble denne uken nevnt av Det hvite hus i den amerikanske presidentens årlige økonomiske rapport, og Torfinn Harding skriver jevnlig artikler i Dagens Næringsliv og opptrer på norsk TV. For at denne gruppen skal overleve, er det svært viktig å kunne arrangere seminarer om klimaendringer på høyeste internasjonale nivå.

Seminarer med internasjonale forskere om økonomi og klima ved Universitetet i Stavanger

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Potetskrell, et biprodukt fra industriproduksjon av potet (pommes frites, flak, chips mm.) er en råstoff ressurs som kan bli bedre utnyttet til nye formål. Skrellet er nemlig en rik kilde på antioksidanter, stoffer som planter naturlig har i seg for å beskytte mot skadelige UV-stråler og reaktive forbindelser som oksygen radikaler. Antioksidanter behøver vi også å tilsette i matvarer for å beskytte og ta vare på umettet fett så det ikke blir harskt og vondt i kontakt med luft. I dag brukes flere ulike syntetiske stoffer i matvarer for å hindre oksidasjon av fett og oljer. Men det er reist bekymring rundt sikkerheten for bruken av dem. Matvareindustrien, myndigheter og forbruker ønsker derfor å fjerne flere syntetiske antioksidanter og erstatte dem med naturlig alternativer. Det er imidlertid svært få slike produkter som er godkjent og tilgjengelig på markedet. Prosjektet Peel Preserve, som har et klart bærekraft mål, skal vise om et uttrekk av antioksidanter laget på industrielt potetskrell råstoff kan fungere som konserveringsmiddel og erstatte noen av de stoffene som brukes i dag. Tre næringsmiddelbedrifter skal teste potetskrell-ekstraktet i noen av sine produkter og utføre både interne og eksterne analyser på effekten. Men en viktig forutsetning for at potetantioksidant kan tas i bruk som nytt tilsetningsstoff i mat er at det blir godkjent av den Europeiske matsikkerhets myndigheten (EFSA) og gitt et E-nummer. Prosjektet skal igangsette denne lengre flertrinns godkjennings prosessen. Parallelt skal det utvikles en forretningsmodell og nødvendig beskyttelse rundt teknologien. Dersom industrien etter testingen av potetantioksidanten, vurderer denne som er god erstatning til konkurransedyktig pris, og en EFSA-godkjenning kan oppnås på sikt, åpner det for å kommersialisere et naturlig plante-basert produkt til beste for forbruker og for miljøet. Bak prosjektet Peel Preserve står Høgskolen i Innlandet i samarbeid med Nofima og Klosser Innovasjon.

Preserving foods with potato peels: Industry-relevant validation and first regulatory assessment of a new natural antioxidant

RETRACE-prosjektet, som strekker seg over tre år, tar for seg den økende trusselen fra naturkatastrofer, som har rammet over 2,3 milliarder mennesker siden 2000-tallet. RETRACE fokuserer på lokalsamfunn i Arktis og Stillehavsområdet, som marquisene i Fransk Polynesia, samene og kvenene i Norge og ahtnaene i Alaska, og har som mål å styrke motstandskraften mot klimarisiko. Disse lokalsamfunnene, som er dypt sammenvevd med omgivelsene sine, gir uvurderlig innsikt i hvordan man overlever og trives i en krevende miljøsituasjon.

RETRACE tar utgangspunkt i hypotesen om at urfolks- og lokalkunnskapssystemer, særlig fra lokalsamfunn i polar- og stillehavsområdene, er uunnværlige for å utvikle effektive strategier for motstandskraft. Prosjektets metode innebærer å samle inn et rikt datasett som omfatter vitnesbyrd, kulturelle praksiser og levde erfaringer, i tillegg til kvantitative analyser. Målet er å skape et omfattende rammeverk som tar hensyn til lokale kontekster og fremmer tilpasningsdyktige og inkluderende resilienspraksiser.

Et internasjonalt forskerteam fra Frankrike, Norge og USA samler en rekke ulike ferdigheter for å bygge bro mellom vitenskapelig forskning og virkeligheten i lokalsamfunnene. Målet er å utvikle et romlig beslutningsstøttesystem som både bidrar til å visualisere resiliensdata og fungerer som et verktøy for samfunnsbasert beslutningstaking, noe som forbedrer evnen til å håndtere risiko og utnytte tradisjonell kunnskap på en effektiv måte.

Ved å kombinere lokal innsikt med vitenskapelig innovasjon skal RETRACE bane vei for resiliensstrategier som både er bærekraftige og tar hensyn til de unike behovene til sårbare lokalsamfunn. Dette prosjektet setter ikke bare søkelyset på urfolks- og lokalkunnskapens avgjørende rolle når det gjelder å håndtere klimaendringene, men har også som mål å sette lokalsamfunn over hele verden i stand til å håndtere de utfordringene som et klima i endring fører med seg.

The three-year RETRACE project responds to the increasing impact of natural disasters on over 2.3 billion people since the beginning of the millennium. It has a particular focus on Arctic and Pacific communities vulnerable to climate risks, specifically, the Marquesan community in French Polynesia, the Sámi and Kven communities in Norway, and the Ahtna people in Alaska. The project aims to address the resilience(s) of communities, in order to develop more inclusive and equitable approaches to developing and implementing resilience strategies.

Five hypotheses guide the research, based on the assumption that indigenous communities such as the ones living in Polar zones and Pacific islands, developed resilience knowledge and strategies to cope with climate-related events. The project aims to co-develop a spatial decision-support system for producing and visualizing qualitative and quantitative data on the different forms of local, community, intrinsic and traditional resiliences in those communities.

Utilizing a narrative approach, the consortium collects testimonials, cultures, memories, experiences, sensitivities and expertise from both Arctic and Pacific communities on forms of resilience and their visions of climate risks, alongside quantitative open-source data from traditional assessments. This data will be cross-referenced to build an interdisciplinary framework for a nuanced understanding of local needs, suitable to assess resilience in local contexts. 

Comprising researchers from France, Norway and the USA with diverse expertise, the consortium aims to contribute in developing risk management and resilience strategies by integrating local and indigenous knowledge into an adaptable and sustainable spatial decision-making tool. The tool aims to bridge the gap between international scientific research and local community realities, potentially informing strategies in other vulnerable territories in the future.

ResilienceS to climate risks: lessons from Arctic and Pacific communities

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

SASCHA har som mål å utvikle praktiske verktøy og metoder for å vurdere og håndtere kulturminner når klimaendringer utgjør en risikofaktor. Prosjektet ledes av University College London (UCL), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Arizona State University (USA), NHAZCA (Italia) og North Carolina State University (USA) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), English Heritage Trust (Storbritannia) og Ventotene kommune (Italia) deltar i prosjektet som samarbeidspartnere. 

 Hovedmål for prosjektet:  
- Utvikling av indikatorer og målemetoder for måling av klimaendringers virkning på kulturarv. 
- Etablere metoder for å involvere relevante aktører i identifiseringen og målingen av disse virkningene. Metodene skal kunne tilpasses lokale forhold og kulturell kontekst. 
- Utvikle verktøy for å hjelpe beslutningstakere til å vurdere og anvende målinger på ulike nivåer. 
- Utforske utfordringer og muligheter knyttet til bruk av nye metoder for vurdering klimarelaterte risikofaktorer for kulturminner. 

Ved å oppnå disse målene skal SASCHA ruste lokalsamfunn og kulturminneforvaltningen til å bedre forstå og håndtere klimarisiko. I tillegg, gjennom samarbeid med organisasjoner som UNESCO og ICCROM, skal SASCHA bidra til globale diskusjoner om hvordan klimaproblematikken kan integreres i kulturminneforvaltningens praksis. Alt i alt vil SASCHA legge til rette for politikkutvikling og styrke kulturminneforvaltningen ved å tilby verktøy og metoder for å effektivt vurdere, tolke og formidle klimarisiko for kulturarvsteder over hele verden.

SASCHA proposes operationalisation for transferable risk assessment and a value-based decision support tool. Supported by this approach, the overarching aim of SASCHA is therefore to develop innovative methods for understanding risks of climate change for heritage that allow for multiscale analysis and scalable approaches, bridging the gaps between local knowledge and global data, and from local vulnerability to global risks. To this end, SASCHA will: a) develop a set of operationalised indicators/metrics for relevant determinants of climate change; b) develop a locally adaptable protocol for stakeholders' engagement in the identification of relevant determinants of climate impacts that acknowledge and celebrate diversity in cultural contexts; c) develop a climate adaptation decision support tool to evaluate relevance of assessment approaches for different spatial scales; d) explore the challenges and opportunities of an operationalisation approach to climate change--heritage risk. Addressing a complex, wide and research-intensive subject, SASCHA unfolds several organisational, scientific, technical, technological and cultural heritage-oriented elements. SASCHA includes four research partners, together bringing significant experience in climate change and heritage and requisite expertise in physical sciences (UCL), social sciences and humanities (NIKU, NCSU/ASU) and technology (NHAZCA). The consortium can significantly contribute to safeguarding and protecting their region's coastal heritage but also to the global discussion of the integration of climate impacts assessment on cultural heritage through the close collaboration with UNESCO's Advisory body, ICCROM and case study stakeholders. SASCHA will develop methods for assessing, interpreting, and communicating climate change risks for heritage, while also supporting effective policy development and heritage management.

Multiscale approaches and scalability within climate change-heritage risk assessments

Midlene fra RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer fordelt på år

Midlene fra RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer fordelt på fagområde

Risk analysis methodology and CFD tools are widely used in the industry for predicting accidental loads and designing safe plants, as well as in transport on road, rail, in the air and at sea. Using similar methods for the safe introduction of hydrogen as  an energy carrier would be a natural choice.
Our approach will be to first carry out experiments to improve the worlds understanding of hydrogen explosion phenomena, further to utilise the experimental results for improving CFD based risk analysis
method ology. This will further enable us to assist hydrogen stakeholders to make the right decisions for the safe introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier.
Starting with a few experiments in 2005, and having analysed these, we will run an extended test pro gram in 2006 and 2007 and simultaneously plan and seek to raise funding for experiments in tunnel scale in 2007. We are planning to invite a partner from the energy supplying industry to take part in the project in 2007. Modelling of the tests in FLACS an d CFX are done for improving the planning of the tests, for testing the software's ability to reproduce the test results and for enabling the improvement of the software tools.
The project will be an integrated part of the IEA HIA Task 19 Hydrogen Safety as part of Norways contribution to Task 19. In addition to this project, Norway (DNV) is leading Subtask A1 and Subtask A3.1 under Task 19.
This will give us exellent opportunities both for and receive impulses, results, and meet contacts from other parts  of the world and for dissemination and spreading of our results.
The results from the project will be published at international conferences and in scientific journals. 
The results will also be utilised for safety related work in other projects where th e partners are involved such as HyTrec and HyNor. Dissemination will also take place through EU projects where the partners are involved such as HySafe and HyApproval. 


International Energy Agency - Hydrogen Implementing Agreement - Annex 19 -
Hydrogen Safety -

We propose to build an automated reasoning system for first-order logic (FOL) by translating reasoning problems to a fragment of FOL called coherent  logic (CL) and then solving them by a fast problem solver for CL. Both the translation and the fast CL so lver are to be developed in the project. 

Automated reasoning in FOL is an established research field with many applications in mathematics, logic and computer science (e.g., the verification of hard- and software, deductive databases, semantic web appli cations etc.) The strong point of CL as compared to weaker logics (for example, resolution logic) is that CL has both quantifiers  ("for all" and "there exists") together with a simple proof procedure. Due to this expressiveness problems can be  directly or equivalently formulated in CL so that the problem solver works on essentially the same problem as the user. The advantages of this approach are: 
- strong support for interactive problem solving; 
- explanation of solutions found by the system is facil itated (of crucial importance for many applications);
- some inefficiencies inherent to the translation of FOL to weaker logics than CL are avoided.

A novel feature of the proposed system is that it will generate proof objects, that is, detailed formal d escriptions of solutions found, which can be imported and used by logical frameworks such as Coq, Isabelle and Agda. Proof objects are important for explanation, independent verification and they increase the level of automation of the logical framework i n a significant way.

Automating  Coherent Logic

This project will focus on new multi-quantum-well lasers in MBE grown gallium antimonide based materials, with wavelengths around 2.33, 2.8, and 3.5 mikrometers, and with line widths and tunability as required for trace gas sensor applications and free sp ace optical communications. The project is headed by Prof. Bjørn-Ove Fimland at Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), NTNU, in cooperation with Prof. Arne Rønnekleiv, also at DET, and Assoc. Prof. Turid Worren at Department of Physics, N TNU. Combined they will cover the main areas for the project; MBE-growth and characterization of laser materials, and laser design, processing and testing. The main collaborating research institutions are The Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Kjel ler, Norway, and Center for High Technology Materials (CHTM), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA. The project will run for 4 years and bring out 2 PhDs, We further plan to bring out at least 6 articles in refereed journals from the project.

Fabrication of tunable mid-IR laser diodes for sensor and communication applications

Process operation often involves controlled, discrete transitions between multiple, continuous dynamical modes of operation, in order to handle changes in raw materials, energy sources, product specifications and market demands. This leads to an overall p rocess behaviour that is more appropriately viewed as a hybrid (switched) system, i.e. intervals of piecewise continuous behaviour interspersed by discrete transitions. The hybrid nature of these systems and the presence of state and input constraints mak es them difficult to analyze and control. In this respect, model predictive control (MPC) methodology is very suitable for the stabilization and optimal control of switched nonlinear systems, since it allows the solution of complex constrained multivariab le control problems.

This project will focus on the development of efficient methods and software tools for explicit solution of constrained MPC problems for switched nonlinear systems with scheduled mode transitions. The problem of stabilization of a sw itched process, transiting between its constituent modes at prescribed transition times, will be considered. The benefits of an explicit solution, in addition to the efficient on-line computations, include also verifiability of the implementation, which i s an essential issue in safety-critical applications. The stability and the performance of the explicit MPC controller in closed-loop with the switched nonlinear system will be analyzed through test on several simulation examples.

Explicit model predictive control of switched nonlinear systems: Stability and optimality

CALCO brings together researchers and practitioners to exchange new results related to foundational aspects and both traditional and emerging uses of algebras and coalgebras in computer science. The study of algebra relates to data while the study of coal gebra relates to processes, the two sides of software.

CALCO was first arranged in 2005 in Swansea, a successful event, attracting 90 participants, with a mix of highly acclaimed international researchers and emerging researchers at the PhD. and post-doc  level. The proceedings were published by Springer verlag in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series, as LNCS 3629. A special issue of Theoretical Computer Science consisting of extended versions of selected papers is in preparation.

CALCO'07 - 2nd Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science

The "Micropower sensor interface in nanometer CMOS technology" project aims at developing new and unique methods for low power digital sensor interfacing using state-of-the art nanometer CMOS-technology within the framework of biomedical wireless sensor n etworks. The major result of the project will be an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) optimized for wireless sensor nodes with very limited power budgets. This will increase the quality of biomedical sensor systems in terms of smaller size, improved signa l integrity, and reduced power consumption. Electronic equipment for biomedical applications, exemplified by implantable- and body-near electronics, is designed to sense, monitor, or control body functions. Such systems are cochlea implants, brain/blood p ressure sensors, ECG-sensors, etc. 

The scientific focus in the project will be to combine novel technology for high quality data conversion with recently developed methods for low-power sub-threshold CMOS logic. In addition the limitations with respect to low power supply voltage is to be considered in order to maintain acceptable signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) throughout the signal path from sensor readout to a wireless transceiver. The performance limiting factors that will be addressed in particular ar e 1) Signal distortion and component noise introduced by the analog circuitry operating in weak inversion and 2) Power consumption / speed of the digital processing logic in the sensor node. The project participants have the necessary key knowledge and re search experience within these areas.

The inclusion of an active industrial partner will ensure the necessary realism and introduce a system framework for the sensor interfacing module. Novelda AS is a Norwegian R&D company focusing on complete solutions  for low-power wireless sensor networks.

Micropower sensor interface in nanometer CMOS technology

The functionality of many modern advanced computer systems -- such as,
e.g.,  wireless sensor networks, the Internet and other kinds of
networks, and control systems -- is crucially dependent on the amount of
time that passes during/between events. Furthe rmore, such advanced and
often critical systems must be well understood before deployment. The
design of these systems should therefore be modeled and thoroughly
analyzed at an early (and at different stages) in the system
development process. 

Advanced real-time systems pose a challenge to
modeling tools in that different aspects, such as, e.g., real-time and
probabilistic behavior, object
orientation, 
communication, data types, etc., must be captured, and in that they
should provide not only simulatio n or verification capabilities, but
preferably a wide range of analysis techniques (including the
before-mentioned two extremes). 

Ølveczky and Meseguer have developed a formal language and tool,
Real-Time Maude, that provides a flexible and general mode ling
language that can naturally model many aspects of a real-time
system at different levels of abstraction. The tool provides a
spectrum of time-specific analysis 
commands, including  simulation/prototyping and different kinds of
exhaustive state space  
exploration. Real-Time Maude has been applied to a range of advanced
applications, including sophisticated multicast protocols for active
networks and the Internet, new state-of-the-art scheduling algorithms,
and new wireless sensor network and
scheduli ng algorithms, that are beyond the range of systems that 
can be specified by popular automaton-based formalisms. Indeed, 
we believe that our work on the OGDC wireless sensor network algorithm
 represents 
the first formal modeling and analysis of advanc ed wireless sensor 
network algorithms.

In this project we aim at extending Real-Time Maude's capabilities and
at applying the tool on advanced systems. In particular, to make
analysis feasible for large and advanc

High-level Formal Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Hybrid Systems

Sequences have numerous uses  in modern communication systems. They have found ingenious application to error-correcting codes, cryptography, and in particular to the  design and analysis of stream ciphers, radar systems, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and modern third generation mobile communication. In order to avoid interference and to maintain synchronization between users in a CDMA system it is of fundamental importance to construct families of sequences with ''good correlation properties''. In cry ptography, stream ciphers are presently an important research topic due to their  potential to offer encryption and decryption of data at very high speeds. 

Design and analysis of sequences combines advanced techniques from computer science, engineering and mathematics, and  researchers from the Selmer Center at the University of Bergen have made significant contributions at  international level to  sequence designs, coding theory and cryptology for more than three decades. The Selmer Center currently  c onsists of 12 researchers, 10 doctoral students, and frequent international visitors. The Selmer Center is a member of three European networks of excellence/projects.

In this application the Selmer Center applies for funding for one podtdoctoral student  (for 3 years) and one PhD student (for 3 years). The main activity for the PhD student and the researcher will be to focus on the constructions of new families of sequences with good correlation properties and to use the properties of sequences in the de sign and analysis of stream ciphers.

Sequences and Their Applications

Financial support for hosting the 37th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic (ISMVL07). 

This is an annual IEEE conference with accepted papers published in a proceedings. The conference covers theory, modelling av implementation (microelectro nics) of multiple-valued circuits and systems.

It is important for the research group Microelectronics systems at the departement of informatics, UiO to extend and increase the contact to the international research community. We are focusing on hosting t he ISMVL conference in order to obtain new research contacts.

We have been active in the research field and at the conference for several years.

Host the 37th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic 
(ISMVL07)

The goal of the three year IT-IDA postdoctoral project is to develop new machine learning algorithms for intelligent data analysis, such as robust non-linear clustering and classification techniques, based on recently developed concepts in information the ory, Mercer kernel theory and graph spectral theory. 
Intelligent data analysis deals with the automatic detection of linear and non-linear patterns in data, and is an important research topic in machine learning and artificial intelligence. It also plays  an important role in other areas of research, such as e.g. bioinformatics, remote sensing, text categorization, image analysis and web retrieval. 
Mercer kernel methods are considered the current state-of-the-art of machine learning, enabling  classifica tion, clustering, correlation and ranking to be done in a non-linear feature space. In addition, graph spectral methods are also emerging rapidly, and have proved to be very useful, especially in data clustering.
The project will focus on theoretical issu es as well as application potential of a new information theoretic approach to machine learning, which is based on recent information theoretic cost functions and non-parametric estimation of probability density functions. This approach has been shown to be closely linked to kernel methods and graph spectral methods, but is in some sense much more intuitive. It also has the advantage of providing more apparent procedures with respect to the selection of system parameters. All together, this provides us ne w tools for a better mathematical understanding, and for developing better algorithms. It even opens avenues for fusing together the best parts of the above mentioned related research areas, which to date have been considered separate fields. 
The project  will lead to new and powerful information theoretic machine learning algorithms for intelligent data analysis, which will be aimed at operational use in applied areas such as remote sensing and bioinformatics.

New Information Theoretic methods for Intelligent Data Analysis

It is applied to the Research Council of Norway for a Ph.D. project with the title ?Input and state constraint handling in nonlinear and adaptive backstepping control design?. 

The main objective is to develop a theoretically well-founded design approach  for constrained nonlinear and adaptive control based on Control Lyapunov Function design methods such as backstepping. Moreover, the project will demonstrate the practical applicability of such real-time algorithms in an experimental case study on an ele ctro-pneumatic clutch actuator in collaboration with Kongsberg Automotive.

We apply for a Ph.D. grant for a period of 3 years. The project is located at the Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU, Trondheim.

Input and state constraint handling in nonlinear and adaptive backstepping control design

The objective of the project is to incorporate new capabilities into MPC controllers:
a) Improving economic performance without sacrificing traditional control performance.
b) Improved transitions between operating regions, simultaneously minimising off-s pec production and maximising learning derived from the strong excitations involved.
c) Including adaptation and learning, to make advanced constrained control applicable to highly uncertaint control problems or problems which change with time (e.g. crane  operations with variable load in confined spaces).

All these objectives involve significant research challenges, where issues related to performance (economic and control-related), stability and computational complexity need to be addressed.

The projec t will train two PhD candidates.  The results will be disseminated both nationally and internationally at conferences and in scientific journals.

Enhanced Model Predictive Control

This project will maintain and extend the collaboration between world leading international research groups in coding theory, cryptology and wireless communication and the Selmer Center at the University of Bergen. The research group at the Selmer Center has been doing international research in coding theory and cryptology for more than three decades and consists presently of 12 researchers and 12 doctoral students and frequent international visitors. The to  maintain the international network of research  contacts by: (1) Invite international researchers to visit the Selmer Center for shorter and longer stays for joint research collaborations and for giving lectures and short advanced courses in the area of their expertise. (2) To encourage and make it po ssible for researchers at the Selmer Center to visit leading international research group for boosting joint ongoing research and to develop and start new joint research activities. (3) To enable the researchers at the Selmer Center to present their resea rch papers at international conferences. (4) To organize international workshops in coding theory, cryptology and in wireless communication.

During the planned project period (2006-2009), the Selmer Center aims to: 

- Invite leading international resear chers for visits, guest lectures and advanced courses.
- Visit international research groups to maintain and start new collaborations.
- Organize at least one major international conference in coding theory or cryptography.
- Organize at least one nationa l conference with leading international researchers as lecturers.
- Publish more than 60 papers in leading international refereed journals and at conferences.
- Present at least 32 papers at international conferences.
- Publish at least 20 papers with int ernational co-authors.

International collaborations with research groups in reliable and secure communication

Statistical physics and multi-user communications show strong analogies from a
conceptual point of view. In both cases many objects interact with each other
through variables that are constrained to be binary. These interdisciplinary analogies
can be expl oited to advance the understanding and design of future wireless
communication systems. Though the analogies between the two fields do not extend
too far and, in real-world communication systems, statistical physics results
cannot be applied directly, the  engineering community can strongly benefit very
much from the analytical toolboxes developed by physicists to understand the
macroscopic properties of spin glasses. The research focuses on improving the
efficiency of wireless multi-user communications, t hus reducing the demand of
physical spectrum, prolonging the stand time of battery driven devices, and reducing
the emitted electromagnetic radiation. To achieve this goal the project will
target several important open problems in wireless multi-user comm unications:
• Capacity analysis of multi-user systems with dual antenna arrays in correlated
fading.
• Speed of convergence of large system results for non-linear multi-user detectors
towards their asymptotic limits.
• Impact of detector mismatch on the p erformance of wireless multi-user
receivers.
• Pre-coding for wireless broadcast channels.
Additionally, the project seeks to achieve a new realm in education for communication
engineers: The project will develop interdisciplinary course programs to
incre ase mutual exchange between physicists and communication engineers. The
statistical mechanics interpretation of digital communications will be reformulated
into a form that is suitable for students with a standard engineering background
to give them new i nsight and additional intuition when designing communication
systems. An experimental graduate program will be implemented at NTNU.

Statistical Physics in Advanced Multiuser Communications

The need for secure digital communication has increased a lot during
the last decade.  Various algorithms are used to achieve the security
needed, for example encryption algorithms, message authentication
codes and digital signatures.  It is important tha t these algorithms
are thoroughly investigated, as the consequences of holes in their
security will be big.

Any encryption algorithm can be described by a non-linear equation
system, and the security of the algorithm relies on the assumption
that this sy stem can not be efficiently solved.  Some methods have
recently been proposed for solving such systems, but so far without
any major results.  This project will approach the problem from a
different angle, and test some promising new ideas for solving the se
kinds of systems.  These ideas are motivated by coding theory, where
similar techniques are used with great success in the decoding of
error-correcting codes.

The results of this research will give insight into this kind of
attack on computer security , and may uncover serious security flaws in
some encryption algorithms.  The algorithms identified as weak should
be taken out of use and replaced by stronger ones before their
weaknesses are exploited.

Cryptanalysis by Solving Equation Systems

The Algorithms Research Group at the Department of Informatics,
University of Bergen, is organizing  WG 2006 -  32nd International
 Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science. This is one of the main international events in the graph algorit hms research society, and it is eagerly awaited by
many researchers.
 The workshop is highly respected and prestigious, and every year its program committee accepts only a fraction of the submitted research papers, which are all of high
quality. There is a strong competition between universities in Europe to become the organizers of this conference and to welcome its around 100 participants every year.

Organizing the annual international workshop  WG 2006 in
Bergen

Modifications and Applications of Alternating-time Temporal Epistemic Logic

This project will focus on fundamental research in coding theory and cryptology at an advanced international level. Project topics will be analysis and construction of symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms and protocols; and analysis and desig n of error correcting codes and of their decoding algorithms. In particular we will use our knowledge involving deep techniques from coding theory on cryptological problems where these techniques may improve upon the current state-of-the-art.  The researc h will be carried out at the Selmer Center at the University of Bergen. The research group at the Selmer Center has been doing research in coding and cryptology for more than three decades and consists presently of 20 researchers, doctoral students, and f requent international visitors.

A Little Basic Research in Coding and Cryptology

The new generation of earth observation sensors include hyperspectral sensors with a high number of spectral bands. Each pixel in a hyperspectral image with D spectral bands will result in a D-dimensional vector corresponding to the measured energy in dif ferent parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although the higher spectral resolution enables us to better characterize and separate similar spectra, statistical analysis of hyperspectral data poses special problems. In this project, we will develop new m ethods for robust analysis of high-dimensional data, in particular for feature selection from the spectral curve, with the focus of landcover classification.

Hyperspectral image analysis

This project is aimed to develop methods to improve image quality in ultrasonic
array imaging using recent model based reconstruction methods for realistic array
layouts. The drawback of the traditional delay-and-sum (DAS) based array focusing 
method---w hich requires the array pitch to be less than half the acoustic wavelength 
to avoid grating lobes and the element sizes to be small since they are regarded
as point sources by the DAS method---is relaxed by this new approach; thus enabling
a more flexibl e design of the array layouts. The objective of the project is to further 
develop and adapt these methods to medical, sonar, sparse arrays, 2D arrays, as well 
as undersampled linear arrays. Issues that also will be considered are design of robust 
metho ds for treating model errors, design of optimal input signals for optimizing 
reconstruction performance, as well as development of methods for designing focusing 
methods specifically customized to these model based reconstruction algorithms. 
Furthermor e, since the methods can be computational demanding the project will also 
include studies in efficient sparse representations as well as development of parallel 
implementations for large scale problems.

High Resolution Ultrasonic Array Imaging

Research in minimal separators and minimal triangulations is undergoing an expanding phase, with several new researchers joining the field and exciting results published yearly. The applicants of this project proposal  have been heavily involved in resear ch in several aspects of minimal separators and triangulations, and today we are in contact with all the main developments at the forefront of this research area. As we have recently gathered a deeper insight into the structural properties of minimal tria ngulations, just at the time when the research community interest in the topic is increasing, we are in the fortunate situation of having several ideas for new results that should be investigated and subsequently published as soon as possible. This will a dvance the state-of-the-art within the project topic, and have important implications for related theoretical and practical problems. It will also ensure that Bergen and Norway can keep, and probably even advance, its good position in the research communi ty within this area. In order to be able to achieve this we are in need of Ph.D. and post doctoral positions, which constitute the basis of this project proposal.

Minimal Separators  and Triangulations in Graphs - Algorithms and Applications

Computational modeling using partial differential equations (PDEs) is becoming
an important tool for industry and research. The traditional methods for
developing such models are time consuming and expensive. Newer methods
exploting object oriented and ge nerative techniques are being developed, but
there is a considerable sceptisiscm in the user communities against the new
generation of abstraction based software. One reason for this hesitation is
the need for run-time speed, and it is generally assumed t hat using higher
levels of abstraction in the code entails a high run-time overhead. 

In this project we will do a side by side comparison of geophysical solver
software developed using traditional methods and software developed using
algebraic and gener ative SAGA technologies. An important research topic is
then to develop the SAGA tool set to achieve comparable run-time properties
while maintaing the SAGA development effectiveness.

Scientific computing with algebraic and generative abstractions for 
geophysical problems

Automated deduction in non-classical logics is an important field of research in areas of computer science such as software verification and security analysis. The project is in the heart of this field and addresses systems of tableaux. Among the virtues of this family of deduction systems are (1) readability of proofs, (2) ability to construct counterexamples and (3) applicability to a large class of non-classical logics - three crucially important points for a number of practical applications. For class ical logics, proof-search in tableau systems has proved less efficient than for resolution systems, mainly due to two computationally significant shortcomings recently overcome by independent work within the PMA group in Oslo (the method of uniform variab le splitting) and the Formal Methods group in Göteborg (the incremental closure technique). This project aims at integrating the two contributions in a new tableau system for classical logic and extending the methods to a wide range of non-classical logic s.

RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer

International Energy Agency - Hydrogen Implementing Agreement - Annex 19 - Hydrogen Safety -

Awarded: NOK 0.60 mill.

Summary

Funding scheme:

RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics