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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Vi vil arrangere Havforskarmøte 2024 i Tromsø. Norsk havforsking står sterkt internasjonalt, men det er få nasjonale arenaar der havforskarar i Noreg kan samlast for å dele forsking og bygge nettverk. Havforskarmøtet er derfor ein viktig møteplass. Dei ca. 40 - 100 deltakarane kjem frå ulike sektorar og representerer marine fagmiljø frå heile landet. Det er eit ope arrangement, med påmelding via nettsidene til NHF. 
Havforskarmøtet blir arrangert årleg, og kvart år er fokus på eit spesifikt tema. Eksempel på tema frå dei seinaste åra har vore: «Hvordan få mer mat fra havet» (2017), "Hvordan kan forskere gjøre økologi mer politisk relevant?" (2019), "Klimaendring i havet" (2020, online), "Nye metodar for å møte morgondagens utfordringar" (2021), «Bruk eller vern – arealbruk til havs» (2022) og «Mat frå havet» (2023) - sjekk https://www.havforsk.no/nb/arkiv/ 
I 2024 blir temaet “Effektar av klimaendringar og klimatiltak på marin natur”, kor vi ønskjer ein diskusjon både om direkte effektar av klimaendringane på enkeltartar og marine økosystem, men og korleis dei tiltaka vi iverksett for å motverke klimaendringane kan påverke marin natur. Eksempel på slike tiltak være naturbaserte løysingar i sjø, bygging av havvindmølleparkar for grøn energiproduksjon, eller gruvedrift i fjord og hav for å sikre mineral nødvendig for ei grøn omstilling. Vi ønskjer å ha ei tverrfagleg vinkling til forskingsspørsmåla, og vil gjere møtet til ein møteplass mellom akademia, forvaltning og industriaktørar. Dei største effektane av klimaendringane ser vi i nordlege havområde, som i Barentshavet der forskarar har observert eit skifte frå eit arktisk til eit meir atlantisk klima og økosystem dei siste tiåra. Samtidig er det i dette området fleire initiativ både knytt til gruvedrift og havvind (til dømes GoliatVind-prosjektet). Vi fant det derfor naturlig å legge årets møte til Tromsø.

Havforskermøte 2024

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

Blue Bio Boost tar sikte på å bidra til bærekraftig økonomisk utvikling av makroalgeindustrien ved å forbedre effektiviteten av formering og utvalg av egnede genotyper (mål 1), ved utnytte genetisk variasjon samtidig som potensialet for genetisk forurensning av naturlige populasjoner minimeres (mål 2), og ved aktivt å involvere interessenter i arbeidet med en plan for fremtidig makroalgeavl i Europa (mål 3).

Blue Bio Boost vil undersøke to alternativer for å unngå påvirkning på naturlige bestander på grunn av kryssing av dyrkede og naturlige bestander; (1) en "mix-to-match"-tilnærming der vi dyrker blandinger av genotyper som egner seg for dyrking og som har allelfrekvenser som ligner på allelfrekvensene i de lokale naturlige populasjonene, og (2) teknikker som kan bidra til avl av forbedrede genotyper og produksjon av sterile alger for dyrking i fremtiden.  En bred og representativ gruppe av interessenter vil bli etablert og delta både i utformingen av en strategi for fremtidig europeisk avl av makroalger med fokus på økonomiske og økologiske mål, og som en formidlingskanal.

Macroalgal biomass has multiple uses and is recognized as a target for increased production in Europe. In order to boost the growing seaweed industry, it is necessary to better utilise the genetic variation to increase yield, quality and stability of the cultivated crop. The current macroalgae cultivation practice in Europe starts every year from new seeding material, obtained directly from local natural populations. There is no selection of the most suitable genotypes, and no storage of seeding material. Hence, no genetic progress in terms of yield and quality is obtained in the cultivated material over time. This is in sharp contrast to virtually all land-based crop production, animal husbandry and fish aquaculture, where domestication has led to selection of genetic material with cumulative improvement of desired traits. There is, however, concern about the potential spread and mixing of domesticated macroalgae with natural populations (introgression), and the ecological consequences this may have, including erosion of the present natural genetic diversity. Blue Bio Boost will investigate two options to avoid impact on natural populations; (1) a “mix-to-match" approach where we cultivate mixtures of superior material with allele frequencies similar to those of the local natural populations, thus attempting to circumvent the problem of introgression, and (2) techniques that could facilitate breeding of improved genotypes and production of sterile sporophytes in the future. A broad and representative Stakeholder Engagement Group (SEG) will be established and function both in co-design of a strategy for the future European breeding of macroalgae focusing on economic and ecological objectives, and as a channel for dissemination activities.

SBEP - Boosting seaweed farming through better utilisation of genetic resources

Siden etterspørselen etter sjømat fortsetter å vokse, er det avgjørende at vi identifiserer regionale og bærekraftige fôrkilder som ikke bare øker næringsverdien til fiskefôr, men som også øker veksten og helsen til oppdrettsfisk og samtidig reduserer den økologiske påvirkningen av akvakultur. En lovende løsning ligger i bruken av tang-baserte produkter, som lenge har vært brukt i fôr på grunn av deres binde-egenskaper.
Hovedinnovasjonene i prosjektet inkluderer bruk av forbehandling av tang og tare for å øke utbyttet av bioaktive forbindelser fra tang, samt utvikling av et effektivt kaskadende bioraffineri for å forbedre utvinningsprosessen. Resultatet vil være miljømessig, økonomisk og sosialt bærekraftige prosesser for havbruksnæringen.
Ved å bruke tangavledede forbindelser og innovative teknikker kan vi jobbe mot en mer bærekraftig og miljøvennlig oppdrettsnæring, samtidig som vi forbedrer helsen og velferden til oppdrettsfisken.

Pursuit of a sustainable aquaculture industry must identify regional and sustainable feed sources that enhance the nutritional value of aquafeed, increase the growth and health of fish while reducing the ecological impact of aquaculture. Seaweed-derived functional compounds have long been utilised in aquafeeds, mainly focusing on their binding properties. Feed producers are now looking to substitute conventional feed ingredients, such as fishmeal and soybean meal, associated with environmental concerns. These challenges necessitate alternatives from marine resources to support the low-trophic organisms. Therefore, seaweed cultivation and harvesting can have a significant positive impact by mitigating damage to local ecosystems and marine wildlife: a prerequisite for further growth is the introduction of ecosystem services in European aquaculture.
The originality of our approach is the combination of expertise and crossover of techniques within pre-treatment, biorefinery, screening in in-vitro, and validating in in-vivo studies combined with sustainability and techno-economic assessments. The project engages early on with the industrial partners (within consortium) and other stakeholders to enable co-creation and co-production in both seaweed and aquaculture feed sectors. Our innovation lies in the choice of methodology, which includes pre-treatment to increase yield of bioactive compounds from seaweed and develop an efficient cascading biorefinery to enhance the extraction process. The outcome of this project will therefore be beyond the state-of-the-art to provide environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable processes.

SBEP - Aquafeed Upgraded: Enhancing Immune Function of Fish with Seaweed-modified Functional Compounds

Dagens matsystemer står overfor mange utfordringer, der klimaendringer er en av de største. Sjømat spiller en nøkkelrolle i overgangen til bærekraftige og næringsrike matsystemer. Sjømatforedlingsindustrien fører med seg betydelige sidestrømmer, som ofte kastes eller er underutnyttet, og som er rike på bioaktive forbindelser for høyverdige markeder som nutraceuticals og funksjonelle matvarer. Prosjektet har som mål å øke effektiviteten og ressursutnyttelsen av eksisterende sjømatsystemer (remove the - that was in this word) og fiskerier gjennom verdiskaping av sidestrømmer til næringsrike matvarer med høy verdi ved hjelp av grønn teknologi. Verdiskaping av biprodukter fra prosessering og en overgang til sirkulær økonomi bidrar til den fysiske og økonomiske motstandsdyktigheten til EUs sjømatforedlingsverdikjeder, samt til miljømessig og økologisk bærekraft i sjømatindustrien. FOODIMAR har som mål å utvikle innovative, kostnadseffektive og klimavennlige metoder for å produsere høykvalitets marint kollagen, gelatin og GAGs (glycosaminoglycan) for å imøtekomme behovene til industrien og forbrukerne. Dette vil oppnås gjennom utforskning av tre EU-piloter: Hvitfisk fra Nordsjøen, maneter fra Østersjøen og havabbor fra Middelhavet. I tillegg fokuserer FOODIMAR på utviklingen av verktøy og retningslinjer for å vise det økonomiske potensialet til disse ressursene i en klimasikker sektor.

The project aims to increase the efficiency and resource optimisation of existing seafood systems and fisheries through seafood side-streams valorisation into high-value-added nutritious food using green technologies. The valorisation of processing by-products and a shift towards a circular economy contribute to the physical and economic resilience of EU seafood processing value chains, as well as to the environmental and ecological sustainability of the seafood industry. This will be achieved through the exploration and characterization of bioactive compounds sourced through 3 EU pilots: North sea whitefish, Baltic sea jellyfish and Mediterranean seabream. Additionally, FOODIMAR focuses on the development of tools and guidelines to showcase the economic potential of these resources in the context of a climate-proof sector. The FOODIMAR concept centers around three main pillars: (1) maximizing the utilization of seafood side-streams and by-catch to reduce food loss; SINTEF Ocean will be responsible of the value chain mapping from the 3 seafood pilots as well as the complete chemical and quality characterization in order to identify the most relevant raw material for each pilot (2) raising the value of seafood side-streams by transforming them into high-value products, rather than low-value applications or waste; Laboratory gelatin and collagen peptide extraction from the most relevant raw material will be conducted by SINTEF Ocean by following yield of the process as well as quality of the final product (3) promoting capacity building and the development of business models to foster the growth and reinforcement of the seafood side-stream valorization sector;

SBEP - FOODIMAR, sustainable climate-Friendly quality fOOD Ingredients from Marine side-stReams

Havet er viktig for mange ulike formål; mat, transport, turisme og energiutvinning. Støyforurensning fra denne aktiviteten kan påvirke marine dyr på både kort og lang sikt. En av de største kildene er båtstøy; fra små privatbåter til store lasteskip. Skipstrafikk har økt betraktelig de siste tiår som følge av økt handel, transport, turisme, olje og energiutvinning. En annen havbasert næring som kommer til å øke de nærmeste år, er vindkraft til havs, i Norge og Europa, en nødvendig utvikling for å nå de fremsatte klimamål. Både skipstrafikk og vindturbiner avgir lavfrekvent, kontinuerlig støy, som har mulighet til å overdøve dyrenes egne lyder eller forstyrre adferd og bevegelsesmønster. Marine dyr bruker lyd for å kommunisere, finne mat, orientere seg og lytte etter fiender. Derfor medfører økt støynivå en betydelig risiko for marine økosystemer. Det første en må gjøre er derfor å kartlegge denne risikoen, for å deretter «oversette» den til effektive tiltak for å redusere påvirkningen. I prosjektet BlueEco skal vi gjøre begge deler. Ved å bruke 2 havobservatoreier, et av dem plasser i Norges første havvindanlegg, Hywind Tampen, og et annet, plassert utenfor Lofoten (LoVe) i nærheten av hovedskipsleia, vil vi se på om, og hvordan artssammensetning og tilstedeværelse av fisk og sjøpattedyr endrer seg med lydbildet, for å få en indikasjon på påvirkning. Lydmålinger herfra og fra andre steder i Europa vil også bli brukt til å verifisere modeller for støyutbredelse og utarbeide støykart over ulike havbasseng i Europa. Slike støykart vil bli sammenliknet med kart over utbredelse av ulike marine arter, for å se hvor det er stor risiko for påvirkning, og vurdere områder hvor det er behov for tiltak for å begrense negativ påvirkning. Videre vil ulike tiltak; redusert fart, omdirigering av skipsruter og støyreduserende propeller bli brukt i samme modeller, for å se hvilke som er mest effektive, og også i en økonomisk modell, for å vurdere kostnadene av tiltakene.

Owing to the synergy among research institutions from Italy, Germany, Sweden, and Norway, BluEcho aims to improve the sustainability of the shipping and wind farm industries and conserve species biodiversity by assessing noise impacts on marine fauna and evaluating the efficiency of various acoustic mitigation measures to reduce noise levels.
Our approach will adopt a combination of numerical simulations, fieldwork, and desktop studies to provide critical data for the design of low-noise Marine Protected Areas implemented in the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Polar Oceans. Pristine polar regions will serve as a benchmark for comparison with areas with high shipping traffic in the other sea basins. Wind turbine and ship noise will be reproduced with cutting-edge numerical techniques and give input to detailed sound maps. In particular, the Hywind Tampen wind farm case study will serve as a starting point to develop similar sustainable technologies in other sea basins. Model validation, resulting from the joint effort of the partners, will lead to fine-tuning and optimization processes for the numerical tools.
The numerical modeling will generate accurate three-dimensional sound maps will provide useful information on the effective noise-generation mechanisms. The maps will guide the process of identification of mitigation measures of noise emission.
Noise reduction measures already taken into consideration by various ship-building firms will be evaluated, and  impact assessment for selected marine taxa regionally tailored.
The project will deliver an economic analysis of costs and benefits coupled with a marine spatial planning analysis, as a cost effectiveness analysis is suggested to find the best balance between noise reduction and economic cost minimization.

SBEP-BlueEcho, From science to policy: assessing impacts and developing solutions for ship traffic and offshore wind through soundmaps

Det globale matsystemet står overfor store utfordringer knyttet til klimaendringer, befolkningsvekst og miljø- og helsemessige faktorer. Matressursene våre utnyttes ikke effektivt nok, og usunne kostholdsvaner i det moderne samfunn har bidratt til en økning i kostholdsrelaterte kroniske sykdommer. Derfor er næringen stadig på leting etter nye ressurser som kan brukes til produksjon av mat.

Tang og tare representerer et stort potensial som alternativ kilde til næringsrike produkter sett i fra flere perspektiv. Det er en råvare fra havet som potensielt kan bidra til å øke sjømatkonsumet i Norge. Siden tare dyrkes i havet, vil dyrkingen heller ikke gå på bekostning av landarealer. I dag er det i hovedsak karbohydrat-delen av tare som utnyttes kommersielt, og de øvrige bestanddelene er lite utnyttet. 

I dette SBEP-partnerskapsprosjektet, kalt SEAFOODTURE, har vi som mål å utnytte tare som en kilde til proteiner for å produsere bærekraftige matprodukter av høy ernæringsmessig kvalitet. Videre vil de polysakkaridrike restene som dannes gjennom prosessen bli utnyttet til å produsere biobaserte emballasjematerialer. Den proteinrike ingrediensen vil benyttes i utvikling av ulike næringsmidler der både ernæringsmessige kvaliteter, men også teknologiske egenskaper og aksept vil bli testet. 

Prosjektet består av partnere fra flere land som representerer både forskning, universiteter og industri. Kompetansen spenner fra dyrking av tare til prosessering og kvalitetstesting av næringsmidler. Gruppen representerer flere havområder i Europa, og vil se på både villfanget tare og dyrket tare fra disse områdene.

The global food system is currently facing great challenges, motivated by climate change, population growth, environmental and health-related concerns. Existing food resources are not efficiently exploited, and the unhealthy dietary habits of modern societies are leading to a dramatic increase in diet-related chronic diseases. The food industry is actively looking for new food sources with added health benefits. In particular, alternative non-animal-based protein sources are of interest to comply with special dietary habits and promote healthier and more diversified diets. 

Seaweeds present great potential as alternative sources of dietary proteins, being also rich in polysaccharides with remarkable functional and health-related properties. Currently, seaweeds are mostly used in the food industry to extract polysaccharides, whilst other seaweed components are less exploited. In SEAFOODTURE, we aim to valorize the whole seaweed biomass as a source of alternative proteins to produce sustainable, high value and high nutritional quality food products, while utilizing the polysaccharide-rich residues generated through the process to produce bio-based packaging materials. 

The consortium is composed of research institutions and SMEs from European countries covering different sea basins, and the project will explore cultivated and wildly harvested seaweeds accessible in these regions. The Norwegian partner SINTEF Ocean will lead the work package dedicated to developing food prototypes incorporating protein-rich ingredients from seaweed. All partners will be involved in evaluation of the environmental, nutritional, and socio-economic footprints of the developed processes and products. In parallel, all partners will be involved in effective and impactful dissemination and communication of project outputs to relevant, diverse stakeholders to create scientific, social and commercial value.

SBEP - SEAFOODTURE, Integral valorisation of seaweed biomass for the development of sustainable, high nutritional quality food products

Oppdrettsindustrien ventes å vokse betydelig i årene som kommer, og dette krever produksjon av fiskefôr fra bærekraftige kilder. En lovende tilnærming innebærer å høste dyreplankton, en naturlig kilde til marine fettsyrer og proteiner. Området rundt Lofoten i Norskehavet er særlig rikt på dyreplankton, spesielt fra mars til juni. Hoppekrepsen raudåte kan opptre i så store mengder i de øverste 10 meterne av vannsøyla at de kan ses fra satellitter, også kjent som 'supersvermer'. Dette representerer en betydelig biologisk ressurs som kan høstes og brukes til fiskefôr.
Til tross for potensialet er fiske etter raudåte beskjedent. I 2024 var det bare tre båter som drev dette fiske i Norge og fangstene var betydelig lavere enn kvotene satt av norske myndigheter. Med tanke på den store etterspørselen etter bærekraftig fiskefôr og det uutnyttede potensialet for fiske etter raudåte, er kunnskapsbasert forvaltning av dyreplankton- (raudåte-) bestandene avgjørende for å sikre bærekraftig utnyttelse.
Prosjektet ClinBluFeed vil derfor benytte ny og innovativ teknologi for omfattende kartlegging og kvantifisering av disse dyreplanktonpopulasjonene. Prosjektet vil benytte selvkjørende ubemannede fartøyer både under og over vann, utstyrt med avanserte sensorer, for kartleggingen. Disse kjøretøyene vil driftes over en sky-basert dataportal, supplert med satellittobservasjonsdata. Sanntidsgenererte data vil tilby en umiddelbar og god forståelse av dyreplanktonressurser over tid og rom. Denne informasjonen vil gi myndighetene mulighet til å ta kunnskapsbaserte beslutninger i forvaltningen av dyreplanktonbestandene. Videre vil deling av data med fiskeflåten optimalisere deres innsats på leting og dermed redusere tid- og drivstofforbruk. Dette prosjektet er et samarbeid mellom forskere i Norge, Polen, Portugal, Tyskland og Kypros og forener variert ekspertise og ressurser mot et felles mål om bærekraftig utvikling av akvakultur og forvaltning av marine ressurser.

The CliN-BluFeed project ambitions to develop and use a low-CO2 smart autonomous multiplatform system to monitor and forecast Calanus finmarchicus stock which is a new sustainable climate neutral blue fish feed for the growing aquaculture industry. We aim to broaden the spatial, temporal and biological resolution and coverage of Calanus in-situ monitoring by combining optical and acoustic sensors on autonomous surface and underwater vehicles and earth-orbiting satellites. We will use this in-situ data in tandem with ex-situ experimental assays and mechanistic simulation modelling to generate real-time predictions of C. finmarchicus abundance, biomass, population dynamics and the vertical and horizontal distributions of the stock in the Norwegian Sea. The project will: 1) optimize an optical sensor (UVP6) for real-time in-situ identification of C. finmarchicus and other co-occurring plankton and micronekton, and estimation of their abundances and size-structure. 2) characterize the zooplankton and micronekton community characterization and quantification towards identification of potential bycatch composition and reduction of bycatch during harvesting operations using optical and acoustic sensors installed on autonomous vehicles. 3) advance the present understanding of how external environmental variables influence Calanus vertical behavioral and abundance dynamics during the harvesting season. 4) Describe Calanus transcriptomic rhythmicity in the field and determine to what extend different environmental cues and internal rhythm regulators drive diel behavior. 5) Map the three-dimensional spatial distributions of Calanus in the harvesting area using ocean color and LiDAR remote sensing technologies and 6) forecasting of Calanus stock size and 3D spatial distributions. The project will deliver processed data products to multiple stakeholders and end users (regulatory agencies, state owned data portal, repository database, fishery etc).

SBEP-A low CO2 smart autonomous multiplatform system to monitor and forecast Calanus stock -a new sustainable climate-neutral blue fish feed

Midlene fra PES-EU-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (bedrift) fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES-EU-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (bedrift) fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES-EU-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (bedrift) fordelt på fagområde

Seniorrådgiver

Small scale low temperature Solar Thermal Power Cogenerating System for buildings with large roof surface - Stirling Heat Engine and Non Con

This mobility project derives from an interdisciplinary PhD project that seeks to combine knowledge from Cognitive Neuroscience and Film Studies in order to understand how we perceive and experience films through the association of different sensory modal ities. It contributes to Cognitive Film Theory Cognitive Film Theory, an emergent field within Film Studies that offers a perceptual, cognitive and scientific account of how we experience film.
	The project has two main research objectives. 1) To study an d clarify how we, as spectators, perceive temperature in film and how this can influence film aesthetics and narratives; and 2) to apply this theoretical background to the case study of contemporary Norwegian cinema, and explain how the ecological reality  of this region has shaped its filmography.
	The project has three main purposes: 1) to study a component of Norwegian cinema at an international and academic level; 2) to benefit from the knowledge and experience of both film theory and Norwegian film hi story of NTNU´s highly qualified scholars; and 3) to strengthen the research cooperation between NTNU and University of Kent and give continuity to previous research visits.
	As reference scholars working in Cognitive Film Theory and Norwegian Cinema, Pro fessor Anne Gjelsvik, postdoctoral research fellow Margrethe Bruun Vaage and assistant professor Johan-Magnus Elvemo make of NTNU a unique environment to study and conduct research on this topic. Furthermore, Professors Gunnar Iversen's authority on Norwe gian film history, and Associate Professor Aud Sissel Hoel, who runs the NRC-funded project "Picturing the Brain", as well as Professors Bjørn Sørenssen and Anne Marit Myrstad, who have worked on topic related issues, place NTNU as the best hosting instit ution for this mobility project.

The cinematic experience of temperature in contemporary Norwegian cinema, how climate shaped a filmography? Mobile researcher: Luis Antunes

Increasingly, anthropologists are becoming interested in the non-linguistic, bodily, sensual and emotional bases of culture. In this frame of research, the anthropology of craft has had an important role to play, contributing empirically, theoretically an d methodologically to the question of the relationship between humans and their material environment. In the framework of this scholarship, anthropologists have come up against a methodological problem: traditionally, anthropologists rely on linguistic da ta such as narratives and verbal rationalisations of experiences, yet these are ill-adapted in understanding the embodied experiences of people. One solution has been to rely on a degree of introspection on the part of the researcher, and assume analogy o f experiences between anthropologist and subject of study. Yet the personal histories that shape and colour these experiences are either left out of such analyses, or accessed through the problematic medium of language.
Inspired from new theoretical direc tions in the study of material culture, this project aims to contribute to address this problem of method through an exploration of experimental visual and object-based methodological approaches as ways of accessing the experiences and subjectivities of a rtisans. This will involve collecting data in the form of transcription of video footage depicting the transformation of materials by artisans, and research on ceramic objects and ceramics factory environments, in order to build a 'biography' of a single  material, clay. This will enable me to formulate a theory of the relationship between the biography of a material, and the transforming subjectivities of artisans as they work with this material.
Based at the Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo , I will profit from expertise of scholars in material culture, art, craft and materiality, and encourage international dialogue on questions of methods in material culture through the organisation of a workshop.

Clay in conversation: materials and artisan subjectivities 
Mobile researcher: Geoffrey Gowlland, UK

The purpose of my stay in Norway is to apply the modelling tool OF-Mod (Organic Facies Model) to reconstruct palaeodepositional environments of organic-rich deposits of the Streppenosa and Marne del Monte Serrone formations (Italy). This research will for m part of my Ph.D. project. The OF-Mod programme was developed at SINTEF to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of organic carbon on a basin scale, and currently exists in a 1D version (for well analysis) and a 3D version (for basin analysis).   The modelling work will be aimed especially at the determination of the oxygen conditions during deposition, and at the determination of relative input of different types of organic carbon (marine, terrestrial, residual) in the basins. The application of  mathematical modelling will provide added values on my research activity, in order to integrate and constrain my data.

Shale-gas system evaluation and organic matter characterisation Mobile researcher: Luigi Gugliotti, Italy

Mg2NiH4 is a very attractive material for its potential in many practical applications such as energy storage, switchable mirrors, smart solar collectors, semiconductor electronics, and photovoltaics. For metal hydride films, the presence of a capping lay er, e.g. Pd, which facilitates the diffusion of hydrogen into/from the film is crucial for energy storage applications, switchable mirrors and smart solar collectors. For applications in semiconductor electronics, the formation of an oxide layer is prefer red as release/uptake of H will cause instability in electrical properties of the hydride. 
The aim of this project is to systematically studying the influence of different types of capping layers and substrates on hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes  in Mg2NiH4 films at different temperatures. More specifically, the aims is to: i) find the best performing capping layer for a the above mentioned application fields; ii) provide information about the effect of temperature treatments to stability of the f ilms; iii) find out how the metal hydride films behave when they are connected to different substrates such as glass, metal, transparent conducting oxide and how can it be used to make practical electrical junctions and device-like structures. 
The expect ed outcomes will be very valuable in the future development of Mg2NiH4 as a material for hydrogen storage, smart window, or semiconductor device applications. The Physics Department and the Department for Solar Energy at the Institute of Energy Technology  have strong expertise on the above topics and have the necessary setups to do the planned work. The applicants and the visitor have previously collaborated on metal hydride films. This visit is expected to lift the cooperation between to a higher level.  The expected outcome is important for both groups at IFE, strengthening IFE's competence and knowledge in the field of metal hydrides, as well as for the visitor home institute.

Role of the capping layer and substrate in stability of thin films of Mg2NiH4 for hydrogen storage and semiconductor device applications

The provision of ecosystem services (ES) constitutes a considerable part of human well-being. Both biophysical quantities and monetary values of ES are spatially explicit, but the role of spatial patterns in supply and demand of ES has not yet been studie d empirically. Spatially explicit ES value maps are of high importance to decision makers on a provincial level. The knowledge on economic costs and benefits of ES can help to develop fiscal transfer schemes from a national to a provincial level. Trade-of fs of different forms of ecosystem management and land use can be untangled, so that decision makers know what is given up or gained when land use decisions are made.
The overall objective of the PhD research project Ecospace is to develop a spatially exp licit approach of modelling quantities and monetary values of multiple ES in order to support decision making and ecosystem accounting on a provincial level. To explore this empirically, we chose the province of Telemark as a case study area.
Part of this  research should be conducted together with experts in the NINA project POLICYMIX. During two research stays of each four months, synergies between the research projects Ecospace and POLICYMIX can be generated. The first phase of the research stay (August  to November 2012) will be used to complete data collection at different Norwegian research institutions and together with stakeholder groups in order to improve the models. Assumptions in the models will be checked with different stakeholder groups. Outc omes of the models will be validated with field work (ground truthing). The second phase of the project (August to November 2013) will be used for preparing the economic valuation of ES in close cooperation with economists from NINA. This includes testing  the feasibility of interview-based valuation of bundles of different ES, preparing a valuation questionnaire for the non-market ES, and economic data collection.

NINA WUR partnership: Spatial ecological-economic modelling of ecosystem services, the case of Telemark province Mobile researcher:

We welcome Ms Oesau from Christian Albrecths Universität zu Kiel to our group for three months. In her work at Nofima, she will perform genetic analysis of a data set of turbot, and write up the results in a scientific paper, which will be one of the pape rs of her PhDthesis. She will also visit important aquaculture research facilities of Norway. The Breeding & Genetics group of Nofima will get aquainted with turbot data, and increase our network with a new partner- this time from Germany.

Breeding program of turbot Mobile researcher:Sophie Oesau, Germany

The main focus of the proposed project is to develop and evaluate novel imaging methods for cultural heritage applications, in particular for paintings. These methods will overcome the limitations of the existing techniques for color characterisation and  accurate detailed analysis of the paintings. 

This project will develop a new imaging platform suitable for a number of applications; such as painting conservation treatment, damage analysis, high-fidelity reproduction, and documentation. Hyperspectral i maging and multispectral cameras will be employed, which records images in a wide range of wavelengths and permits to understand the various important color characteristics of museum paintings. Various data analysis tools will be employed to extract the u seful information for true reproduction and conservation of the paintings. 

Compared to other available techniques, spectral imaging using such cameras is believed to provide better accuracy and more flexibility, however in the study we will verify this  assumption by image quality-based analysis including perceptual experiments and user studies. 

An important outcome of the project is a database of captured spectral images of paintings from the National museum. Such a digital database will facilitate th e documentation, conservation and reproduction of museum paintings in a more accurate way.

Color and spectral imaging for cultural heritage applications Mobile researcher:Sony George, India

The project studies the practical issues that arise when the superelement approach is used for offshore wind turbine support structures. Special care needs to be taken to calculate the wave loading correctly for joints that are represented by superelement s in dynamical simulations. The superelement approach describes the local behavior of the joints more accurately than typical beam models, but can introduce artificial stiffness if not used correctly. The optimal application will be determined in this pro ject. The approach will be implemented in existing simulation tools (both at NTNU and LUH) and evaluated with a reference jacket design. The results are expected to show that the superelement approach is superior to the current practice in numerical simul ation of wind turbines. Thereby, overconservatism in designs can be reduced, which will ultimately lead to more cost-efficient wind turbines.

Advanced jacket models for offshore wind turbines with superelements
Mobile researcher: Jan Dubois, Germany

The work to be carried out during the mobility stay is related to the H2 production from biomass derived compounds by sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR), as an effective and promising route for direct catalytic conversion of biomass to H2 with high  efficiency and high selectivity, without CO2 emissions. Therefore, it is a process which has negative carbon emissions, due to CO2 derived from the use of biomass is considered as neutral.
The SESR process for H2 production can be directly applied to diff erent types of biomass, such as gas phase feedstocks (syngas from biomass gasification), liquid phase fuels (bio-liquids from biomass pyrolysis, glycerol, bioethanol, and aqueous solutions of sugars, such as gluclose and xylose), as solid lignocellulosic  biomasses (sawdust).
The proposed work plan includes the shythesis and characterisation of the hydrotalcite derived Ni-Co catalyst which will be used in the process. A comparative study of the sorption enhanced steam gasification of different biomass deri ved products will be carried out in order to maximize hydrogen selectivity and yield. Furthermore, the modelling of the reactors used for the sorption enhanced steam gasification process will be established in order to calculate the equilibrium compositio ns, which can be then compared to the experimental results.
Since the applicant has worked in the production of hydrogen-rich syngas by co-gasification of coal and biomass, this stay will supply useful training and experience that will contribute to the d evelopment of her future career. Due to the common and complementary research subjects of both groups, the stay is expected to mean the establishment of a new collaboration between both groups.

Bio-hydrogen production by sorption enhanced steam reforming of biomass derived compounds Mobile researcher: María Victoria Gil, Spain

The main aim of the project is to model the effects of the molecular environment on the optical rotation, circular dichroism and Raman optical activity spectra by means of a method that combines quantum mechanical calculations (QM) with both polarizable c ontinuum model (PCM) and polarizable molecular mechanics (MM). The unified model is to be tested on lactamide and camphor.

Multiscale modeling of solvent effects on molecular properties in aqueous solution

The present project proposes to develop a new method to measure suspended sediment concentrations and their grain size distribution with a dual frequency acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). This is of high importance since sediments have a strongly  negative impact on any hydropower plant. With the new measurement method it will be possible to extensively assess incoming amount of sediments in a reliable, easy to handle and modern method. This is of high interest to the hydro power industry as well a s the government and local stakeholders. Having more detailed information about the sediments being transported in a river, the hydro power plant can be planned, built, and operated much more efficiently. For example, the life time prediction of a hydropo wer plant at a river with high concentration would be very efficient. With the ongoing worldwide climate change, Norway could also be faced with an increasing amount of suspended sediments in the rivers. This is because the glaciers tend to melt faster th an expected and due to this activity there is an increased suspended sediment concentration in some rivers. Another risk for an increased suspended load concentration in Norwegian rivers is the future way of running a hydropower plant. Hydropower peaking  could be one reason for re-suspension of fine material. All these facts lead to the need of having a reliable and easy to use method for measuring the suspended sediment concentration in a river wherever it is located around the world.
Our intention is to  use the NTNU channel in a single experimental program to meet the objective to investigate the feasibility of simultaneous use of two ADCPs of different frequencies to measure both suspended sediment concentration and particle size. With its large depth  of over 2m is the channel facility at NTNU an outstanding hydraulic flume where the dimensions fit perfect for the proposed study and will promote the hydraulic laboratory facilities at NTNU.

Dual-frequency ADCP measurement to quantify suspended sediment concentrations and to determine grain size distribution

I would like to conduct a multivariate/logistic regression analysis of various social and linguistic factors influencing word order variation and change in earlier English.

In my doctoral dissertation (2007) I dealt with some social (class, network, regi on), communicative (audience design) and genre-related factors influencing main clause word order variation and change (from V2 grammars to a V3 grammar) in Late Middle English and Early Modern English. The theoretical framework of my research at the time  was not informed by information structure and the possibility of microcues, with the incorporation of which my study would definitely have been more encompassing. 

With the help of the grant, and studying the same phenomenon, I would like to expand my s tudy in these very directions. 

My choice fell on Tromsö University as here I can have the opportunity to consult with Professor Marit Westergaard, who is influential in just these aspects I have listed above.

Based on the theoretical insights gleaned f rom Professor Marit Westergaard's work on multiple microcues postulated behind incremental word order change and her and other Norwegian scholars' work on information structure's role, I would now like to complement my original study and conduct a multiva riate analysis based on computerised corpus data. The corpus would be partly already collected and partly to be collected during the proposed stay. This corpus expansion is yet another aspect that would mean a departure from my previous work, whose corpus  was unfortunately limited.

A multivariate analysis of social and intralinguistic factors of word order variation and change in Late Middle and Early Modern English

No clear tectonic model exists for the Karoo sedimentary basin in South Africa, which is a possible host for Permian shale gas. The main aim of this proposed project is to create a 3D geological model of the Karoo Basin using geological information, magne tic and gravity data, and supplementary borehole and seismic data. This model will be used to investigate the tectonic environment of the Karoo, and the dynamic formation of the basin in terms of the flexural response on and off craton, and the possible f ormation of natural gas deposits.

Geophysical 3D Modelling of the Karoo Basin

Gender-inclusive language is a milestone in achieving gender equality. It proclaims feminization (using masculine and feminine terms) and neutralization (using neutral terms) to refer to both genders instead of using masculine personal nouns, since the ge neric use of masculine terms results in a cognitive male bias in various languages. In contrast to the empirical results and the efforts to promote it, gender-inclusive language is often rejected in everyday live.

To investigate the rejection of gender-i nclusive language, socialpsychological persuasion theories, e.g. the Elaboration Likelihood Model, are helpful. Cross-cultural and cross-linguistic comparisons between Norway (Bokmål) and Switzerland (German) promise very interesting insights into how to  achieve more gender equality in language by feminization or neutralization and into the impact of negative media coverage.

The main aim of this project is to investigate the quality of persuasive arguments on gender-inclusive language and their influence  on attitudes and behaviour. In Study 1 we will classify arguments for gender-inclusive and generic language use regarding their persuasiveness, content and the agreement of the participants in each country. In Study 2 we will examine whether people get p ersuaded to the respective position, when they read a message containing persuasive arguments for gender-inclusive vs. generic language use. We assume less positive attitude towards and less use of gender-inclusive language initially in Switzerland than i n Norway because of the negative Swiss media coverage and the complex use in German.

The proposed research will contribute to a deeper understanding of a barrier to gender equality, i.e. rare use of and negative attitude towards gender-inclusive language . It will provide possible ways to enhance the positive attitude towards gender-inclusive language and encourage more frequent use of it.

How To Persuade People of Gender Equality in Language: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

The main objective is to study the sensitivity of the wolfish larvae/juveniles to crude oil and to compare the biological effect of mechanically dispersed versus chemically dispersed oil using sub lethal end points. In order to identify the toxicity of ch emically dispersed oil, we need to also evaluate the toxicity of mechanically dispersed oil (which represents the scenario of oil only and stormy weather), and the toxicity of water soluble fraction (scenario of oil and calm sea). Therefore a total of fou r treatments will be performed: 1) control (seawater) 2) water soluble fraction (oil on top of water with no agitation) 3) mechanically dispersed (oil only mixed thoroughly in the water) and 4) chemically dispersed (dispersant, oil and thorough agitation  in the water). The set up that will be used to expose the fish has been designed and thoroughly used by the CEDRE institute (France). Exposure time of 48hr and oil doses of 20g for 300 L tank. 14 fish of same age (1 year) and size bought from an aquacultu re farm in Tromsø will be exposed for each treatment (total of 56 fish in total). Then 7 fish from each group will be sampled after 48hr and the remaining fish will be kept for one week in clean seawater to measure the recovery rate of the end points. The  work will be performed at the Barents Ecotox laboratory owned by Akvaplan.niva and designed to carry out such experiment. All experiments will be carried out according to the Animal Protection Act of the Forsøksdyrutvalget regulations in Norway.

Potential impact of an oil spill on the wolfish species of the Barents Sea

The goal of the proposed research is to investigate the phenomenon of "spatial suppression", a curious paradox of visual motion sensitivity in which normal observers fail to discriminate the motion of a highly visible stimulus. This counter-intuitive psyc hophysical effect is a potential clinical test for inhibitory dysfunction in normal ageing and various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression and migraine. Establishing the neural basis of this psychophysical effect, and thereby validati ng its use as a clinical test is therefore of primary importance. The methodology that we will adopt in this project will combine simple psychophysical measures of visual motion sensitivity in young and older subjects, with anatomical measurements of the  photoreceptor layer of the retina in those same subjects. We will use the Kongsberg Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscope to measure photoreceptor density and regularity to establish whether there is any connection between these anatomical measures and the pheno menon of spatial suppression in visual motion perception.

Retinal factors in motion processing anomalies

The goal of this study is to confirm that osteochondral defects in the ankle and knee joint that are accessible with a conventional ultrasound transducer can be discriminated from healthy cartilage.

In two hospitals St. Olavs Hospital (Trondheim, Norway)  and the Academic Medical Centre (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), 58 patients who receive either a MRI- or CT scan because of ankle or knee joint problems will be recruited. Patients will be asked to fill out a clinical rating score and will be imaged with u ltrasound by two different physicians prior to their regular scan. 3D reconstruction of the ultrasound images will be compared with CT/MRI-data.

The applicant will join the team in Trondheim January 1st thru March 31st 2012. She will receive training in  ultrasound imaging, gain further knowledge of imaging and image guided surgery in musculoskeletal disorders common in orthopaedic practice, participate in the inclusion of participants for the study, data acquisition and registration of the images from di fferent modalities and create guidelines for the use of ultrasound in diagnostics and follow-up of OCDs in clinical practice. 

The proposed project would be a unique possibility for the applicant to extend her knowledge on ultrasound as a non invasive im aging modality. Also, it will provide the possibility to practice the necessary skills and gain knowledge of the study logistics that can be used when designing studies that will ensue from the current multi-centre study, as well as in future daily clinic al practice.

Non invasive imaging of cartilage and osteochondral defects using ultrasound

Techniques for the engineering of reliable and fault-tolerant software
is an important and timely research theme as society relies
extensively on properly functioning IT-systems. Model checking has
emerged as a prominent approach allowing software compone nts to be
verified during development and prior to deployment. The central
research challenges in model checking are closely linked to handling
the complexity of real-world IT-systems. This project proposes three
research questions to be initially explore d in the context of
memory-efficient model checking. In addition, the project proposes a
long term research direction within distributed model checking which
exploits the research competences at both University Paris 13 and
Bergen University College. A st rategic element of the proposed
research visit is to initiate long-term research collaboration between
the two involved research groups.

Towards New Techniques for Memory Efficient and Distributed Model Checking of Software

During the 10 month period  I will continue the research on the historical and philosophical thought of the Portuguese Reformed Cistercians Nun Joana de Jesus already incepted in my PhD programme. While at Center for Gender Studies and under the supervisi on of Prof. Jorunn Okland, I will be investigating the biblical citations and commentaries the Portuguese Nun has produced and its implications for a feminist theology and philosophy of subjectivity. Simultaneously, I will be preparing a proposal for a po st-doctoral international research based on the early modern Portuguese manuscripts written by religious women (life-writings and foundational texts of religious communities) as written by men related to women (inquisitional processes and hagiographies).  With this original and unpublished corpus it will be possible to constitute the first canon of women's theological and philosophical thought i the Lusophone world. This interdisciplinary research will be conducted in a collaboration between the Center for  Gender Research, University of Oslo/Norway, the Faculty of Theology of Groningen/ The Netherlands, and the Department of Literature, New University of Lisbon, Portugal.

Transatlantic Women Theologians in the Lusophone World. 
Texts, Contexts and Scriptural Hermeneutics in Joana de Jesus (1620-1681)

The main objective of this project is to describe the energetic strategy (growth and reproduction) of P. maximus according to the variability of its environment (food resources, temperature and seasonality). Three different stations of the biogeographical  area of P. maximus will be studied : two contrasted coastal environments, 1) the Bay of Brest and 2) a coastal site in Western Norway (Bjørnafjord) and 3) a deeper water site in Iroise Sea. Results should help in evaluating the impact of global change on  the adaptation of metabolism of great scallop among its biogeographical area. It will also help in managing and improving sustainable aquaculture and fisheries of king scallops (seasonal bioenergetics needs, dynamics of physiological effects of temperatu re, effects of food availability on growth, etc.).
High frequency in situ monitoring of environmental conditions will be conducted in coastal stations during the spring productive period. We will try to characterize the different potential trophic resourc es using a combination of several proxies : stable isotopes, fatty acids, pigments, measured in the digestive gland. Experimental study of isotopic composition will allow to understand incorporation and fractionation mechanisms. Physiological parameters ( filtration rate, assimilation rate, respiration, etc.) will be assessed through ecophysiological experiments on both French and Norwegian scallops. Common garden experiments will be carried out on these populations to assess the variability of the physiol ogical parameters. Starvation experiments will also be set up to have relevant idea of the minimum level of reserve in the organism and a measure of the energy necessary to its maintenance.
Data from previous monitoring will be added to our results to set  up an individual bio-energetic model for P<; maximus, based on the theory of the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB). This model will be calibrated and then used to describe growth and reproduction in the third location.

PES-EU-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (bedrift)

Small scale low temperature Solar Thermal Power Cogenerating System for buildings with large roof surface - Stirling Heat Engine and Non Con

Awarded: NOK 49,999

Funding scheme:

PES-EU-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (bedrift)

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics