4D Electromagnetic monitoring of CO2 in geological formations and in EOR settings

One of the main challenges concerning CO2 storage is to be able to monitor the storage during and after injection, and especially after the abandonment to ascertain where the CO2 is and if any is leaking out of the reservoir through wells or faults. Leaka ges from a reservoir could be a hazard if the CO2 leaks into buildings. Leakage of CO2 into ground water may also leave the water contaminated. There are not many ways to monitoring the reservoir after abandonment, but time-lapse EM monitoring may prove s uitable. The purpose of this project is to establish a system/method that allows monitoring of CO2 injected into subsurface reservoir formations. The results should be a detailed mapping of the location of high saturation CO2 fluid in a selected reservoi r over time. The results should allow an understanding of how the injected CO2 is distributed in the selected reservoir and how it moves within the reservoir over time. This would also allow identification of leakage of CO2 into surrounding formations. Mi lestones are identified as follows: 1. Creation of relevant reservoir models and simulation of fluid flow over time 2.Synthetic forward modelling of CSEM data over selected reservoir models representing different injection stages. 3 Integrated analyses of forward modelled data in light of the established reservoir models. 4.Identification of suitability of the technique for various reservoir scenarios. 5. Real life testing at suitable location involving 6.Mapping of resistivity contrast prior to inject ion 7. Mapping of resistivity contrasts at selected time stages 8 Analyses of results 9.Establishing a commercial solution for Co2 monitoring Successful implementation of a EM based CO2 monitoring method can have very significant positive environmental potential