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The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Det bygde miljøet krever en umiddelbar innføring av ombruksstrategier som adresserer ressursavfalls- og utslippsproblemet. Resirkulering og ombruk begrenses av mangel på prosedyrer for kvalitetsvurdering som reduserer risikoen for industrien. 
Derfor er det nødvendig med en resertifiseringsprosess basert på pålitelig, replikerbar og gjennomførbar tilstandsvurderingsmetodikk for gjenvunnet/innebygd tømmer.
Hovedmålene for prosjektet:
Identifisere settet med ikke-destruktive tester (NDT) som er best egnet for omfattende og effektiv tilstandsvurdering (dvs. tetthet, stivhet, styrke, brannmotstand, defekter, fuktighetsinnhold, fiberretning) i tre som er gjennomførbart for in-situ, samt laboratoriemiljø.
Utvikle prosedyrer for etterbehandling av data fra NDT-er for den høyeste informasjonsverdien og kombinert risiko-/pålitelighet-kvantifisering med en omfattende metadatamal for datalagre.
Testing av den utviklede metodikken på en reell case-studie for adaptiv gjenbruk av en fem-etasjes kontorbygning i tømmer. 
Etablering av sirkularitetskvantifisering basert på det reelle potensialet og LCA-prosedyre for langlivede tømmerprodukter, inkludert risikokvantifisering over flere ombruk og resirkulering/gjenvinning – tømmerkaskade.
Utvikle dokumentasjon og retningslinjer for resertifisering for gjenvunnet tømmer som grunnlag for europeisk standardisering.
Ombruk av eksisterende bygninger eller deres komponenter har i dag det høyeste potensialet for å redusere karbonutslipp fra byggeindustrien og begrense etterspørselen etter nye råvarer. Ti-ReX har som mål å forbedre byggebransjens bærekraft ved å muliggjøre utstrakt gjenbruk av bærende trekonstruksjoner - enten i den opprinnelige bygningen med samme eller endret konfigurasjon, eller i andre bygninger. Treelementer i bygninger kan ha flere formål; for eksempel bærende, stabilisering, brannspredningsforebygging, varme- og lydisolering og estetikk.

TiREX project answers to the Joint Call Forest Value 2, topic on 'Sustainable timber building systems'. Focus is put on enabling reuse and life extension of the timber structures by developing knowledge and tools for condition assessment of reclaimed timber. The main barrier to circular economy of timber industry addressed in TiReX is the organisation of timber strength grading and quality assessment of solid timber around the material raw production in the saw mill industry. TiREX is divided into 5 core work packages focused on laboratory testing (Spain), data processing (WUT), pilot project of adaptive reuse of timber (Norway), environmental analysis (Finland), and dissemination and communication (Latvia). Testing reclaimed timber from north, south and east Europe with non-destructive and destructive methods is the core TiREX activity and includes mechanical and thermal performance. Methods of data processing for replicability, accuracy, uniformity, future standardization, practicality and reliability of results in real settings will be developed and tested. Real timber building adaptive reuse project in Norway will provide field laboratory for verifying theoretical ideas and frameworks. Holistic environmental assessment methodology for circular wood industry will be theoretically developed and showcased on the pilot building. TiREX contributes to the call objectives of increased carbon sequestration, optimal carbon storage, circular use of wood, integration of cascading, as well as addresses circular and recycling wood principles, organisational structure and policies and regulation. TiReX project is focused on generating knowledge and procedures that offer huge potential for emission and waste reduction and thus require fast popularization and adoption within construction industry to be impactful. TiREX has strong transnational cooperation to prepare data sets that span wide range of parameters representative for Europe via sharing knowledge and laboratories.

ForestValue2 JC2023 - Smart condition assessment of Reclaimed Timber for eXtended service life of long-lived wood products

SIOS-PP-Svalbard Inte Artic Eart Ob Sy

Norsk asspartn - UiO

Awarded: NOK 0.31 mill.

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SIOS-PP-Svalbard Inte Artic Eart Ob Sy

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