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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives.  AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals. 

I RIPARAGRO vil vi undersøke strukturelle, praktiske og kulturelle barrierer og muligheter knyttet til å restaurere kantsoner for å redusere avrenning fra jordbruksarealer.
        Kantsoner, stripen langs med vassdrag som grenser både til vann og land, er essensielle for biomangfold og flombeskyttelse. I tillegg fungerer naturlige kantsoner som et filter slik at jord og næringsstoffer fra landbruket ikke havner i vassdrag. Samtidig mister vi verdifull dyrkbar jord om kantsonen blir for stor. Derfor er det ofte en interessekonflikt mellom krav om kantsoner og matproduksjon, og det er ofte hensyn til matproduksjon som vinner. Vi vil undersøke om regenerativt landbruk, som har som mål å øke jordhelse og jordas evne til å holde på vann og næringsstoffer, kan kompensere for smale eller manglende kantsoner.
        Den største utfordringen med å restaurere kantsoner og øke jordhelse er ikke mangel på kunnskap om hva som må gjøres, men å finne løsninger som er akseptable for bønder, økologer og forvaltningen. Miljøreguleringer i landbruket som inkluderer bønders kunnskap, perspektiver og kulturelle kontekst viser seg å være mer effektiv og bærekraftig både sosialt og miljømessig. Imidlertid mangler vi kunnskap om bøndenes perspektiver knyttet til kantsoner i Norge.
        I RIPARAGRO skal vi derfor samskape kunnskap gjennom intervjuer og workshops med bønder, økologer og forvaltningen for å avdekke sosiale, kulturelle, økonomiske og historiske barrierer, samt finne felles løsninger til restaurering av kantsoner i landbruksområder. Vi skal også utforske hvorvidt regenerativt landbruk kan tilrettelegge for restaureringsstrategier som ulike aktører kan enes om, og om det påvirker biodiversiteten i kantsoner gjennom GIS-modellering og økologiske målinger. Gjennom tverrfaglig forskning vil RIPARAGRO gi myndighetene og forvaltningen et solid kunnskapsgrunnlag knyttet til kantsoner og avrenningsproblematikk.

RIPARAGRO will expose barriers to riparian restoration on farmlands and explore solutions from regenerative agriculture (RA), using the River Basin District (RBD) in Viken and Innlandet  in Norway as case, and responding to the urgent issue of degraded ecosystems in riparian zones and connected watersheds. We address conflicting rationales and diverging experiences of meaning and values amongst stakeholders and collaborate with user groups throughout the project. Our objective is to co-create new knowledge and management recommendations with partners and stakeholders and solve acute societal needs through fundamental research in ecology, agronomy and cultural studies. RIPARAGRO provides an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge base that will facilitate ecologically, socially, culturally, and economically sustainable restoration of vital land areas under pressure.
        Riparian zones are the areas along rivers and streams, encompassing the interface between water, floodplain, and the area adjacent to the floodplain that are essential for the protection of biodiversity and avoid flooding. In Norway, only 3 % of the land is arable. Much of this is adjacent to waterways, and many rivers and streams have been channelized and their riparian zones encroached on or removed. There is a conflict of interest between restoring riparian zones and the use of this land. Dysfunctional riparian zones combined with climate change causes erosion and runoff, washing valuable soil away. We need to identify and understand the structural, practical, social and cultural obstacles and find actionable strategies that take both the ecological importance of riparian zones and the pressures on the agricultural sector into account. RIPARAGRO relies on co-creating knowledge through collaboration with farmers, ecologists, and river managers working in RBD Viken and Innlandet.

RIPARAGRO: Restoring riparian zones on agricultural lands

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal.   AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact.   To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.    To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Research Infrastructure Services for Renewable Energy

The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy with zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve more efficient, competitive and cost-effective energy systems and devices, RISEnergy fosters a European ecosystem of industry, research organizations and funding agencies aimed at developing novel energy technologies and concepts. RISEnergy brings together a consortium of 69 beneficiaries from 23 countries: ERIC institutions, technology institutes, universities and industrial partners, to jointly improve the economic performance of technologies. Members of the European Energy Research Alliance are establishing the core European ecosystem. The main objectives of RISEnergy are: 1.) enable research and innovation to increase energy efficiency and reduce the cost of energy technologies to foster wider use of renewables into energy systems through proactive innovation management having single entry point with tailor-made access roads for academics, industry, and SMEs, and advising RI providers, all acces Users, and policy makers on LCA, ICT development and networking issues; 2.) provide efficient transnational access (TNA) to facilities to support renewable energy technologies and systems: Provide more than 2,500 days of access to major European and international world-leading analytical facilities; 3.) reach out to all stakeholders performing research along the value chain, from materials and technology development to applications in the eight most relevant fields of PV, CSP/STE , hydrogen, biofuels, offshore wind, ocean energy, integrated grids, and energy storage, research infrastructure providers and policy makers; 4.) provide comprehensive services of unprecedented quality: new cross-RI services, a single entry point, tailor-made access roads for academia industry, and SMEs with a particular focus on scientists from research fields in which the use of research infrastructures is not yet established. 

Cooperation and AgReements enhancing Global interOperability for Aerosol, Cloud and Trace gas research infrastructures

The goal of CARGO-ACT is to deliver a clear roadmap for sustainable global cooperation between key ground-based aerosol, cloud and trace gas research infrastructures, each having invested in infrastructure and services to support their observing networks with a long-term perspective, with a view to consolidating into a sustainable global research infrastructure in the future. There is a strong desire for global integration from the research community, including weather, climate, and air quality monitoring and modelling,  and in particular from space agencies, since global networks of ground-based observations are an essential component complementing Earth Observation from space, providing calibration and validation of the remote sensing information collected by current and future satellite missions. The integration of the current ground-based networks, which may have different interests and priorities, requires cooperation and agreements at the global level, including engagement with relevant stakeholders. Their service provision is not limited to data services, but includes access to the measurement facilities, reference instruments, reference standards and laboratories, all of which are topics to be assessed in CARGO-ACT.    The specific objectives of CARGO-ACT are to, develop sustainable partnerships and decision making processes with relevant partners, demonstrate the benefits of converging interoperability and standards to stakeholders and the global research community, establish the mechanisms for providing  international access to distributed research infrastructures and develop a roadmap for upscaling towards an integrated global research infrastructure for aerosol, cloud and trace gases. 

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills.   The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables.   The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

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Professor

Bjerck Hagen presenterer i sju historiske casestudier hvordan sentrale aktører i sentrale tekster formulerer sin forståelse av hva litteratur er, hva litterær kvalitet er, og hvordan litteraturkrititikk bør skrives. Kildetilfanget er rikt og forståelse av  det litterære feltet bredt: Hagen beveger seg fra avhandlinger til avistekster og toneangivende skjønnlitterære verk som tematiserer disse spørsmålene. Boka gir også en oversikt over litteraturvitenskapens historie i Norge - og fagfeltets utvikling fra t verrfaglig orienterte litteraturhistorikere formidlere på 1920-tallet til dagens spesialiserte og tildels innadvendte litteraturvitenskap. Bjerck Hagen gir også klare presentasjoner av de sentrale litteraturteorier som har preget de siste nesten 100 år i  Norge. "Kampen om litteraturen" er en original, klartenkt og utfordrende vitenskapelig monografi.

Kapittelinndelingen er som følger:
1. Historie og pragmatisme på 1920-tallet: Francis Bull, Halvdal Koht, Sigurd Hoel og Helge Krog
2. Peter Rokseth og den  estetisk-essensialistiske skole
3. Femtitallsmodernismen: Erling Christie og Paal Brekke
4. Profil-kretsens litteraturkritikk: Einar Økland, Jan Erik Vold og Kjell Heggelund
5. Avantgardisme, dokumentarisme og populærkultur 1967-2010 (Solstad, Knausgaard,  Fløgstad)
6. Moderne litteraturteori 1975-2010: Atle Kittang
7. Avslutningger - årene 1988-2010

Kampen om litteraturen.
Posisjoner i norsk litteraturkritikk og -teori 1920-2010

Alcohol and drug abuse affects society in many ways, e.g., health, social relations, safety, and productivity at the workplace. Alcohol is more significant in this respect than drugs because the use of alcohol is common and accepted by society. 

Testing of oral fluid (saliva) may be used to detect and monitor alcohol and drug use. Saliva is an easily available, non-invasive medium without the intrusion of privacy and with little chance of adulteration (unlike urine). Saliva is probably the only other bod y fluid that might parallel blood in some regards and may be related to behavioural performance. The presence of alcohol, drugs or drug metabolites in saliva indicate very recent intake, and reflects better than urine whether the subject might be under th e influence of alcohol or drugs.

Some biological markers of recent large alcohol consumption might be found in saliva. High concentrations of these compounds might reflect recent large intakes of alcohol and may probably indicate hangover due to alcohol. 

The aim of this pilot project is to develop and validate analytical methods for alcohol, drugs, and biological markers of recent large alcohol consumption in saliva, develop a questionnaire on alcohol and drug use, and perform a small study of the preva lence of alcohol impairment, recent large alcohol intake (which may cause hangover), and possible drug impairment at a few Norwegian workplaces by analysing saliva samples. The participation is voluntary and anonymous. The results of the pilot project wil l be used to design a larger study.

Pilot study: prevalence of alcohol and drugs at the workplace

The objective of the present project is to investigate if and how heroin metabolites contribute to the development and appearance of heroin addiction.
Heroin abuse is a significant medical problem due to its damaging consequences, both social and individu al, and it is difficult to treat. Heroin reaches the brain in significant concentrations very rapidly after intake, which is supposed to be the reason why drug addicts prefer heroin over other opioids like morphine. However, heroin has a very short half l ife; its concentration is reduced by half already after less than five minutes. Also, heroin has a low affinity for receptors in the brain known to mediate the effects of opioids. Therefore, it is surprising that a substance with a relative little effect in the brain and which disappears so quickly can have a so strong effect on behaviour like drug addiction.
There is a sequence of substances appearing after heroin intake which can be responsible for its effects and the development of heroin dependence. H eroin is transformed to 6-monoacetylmorphine, which is converted to morphine. This is further metabolised to morphine-3- and morphine-6-glucuronide. Morphine is a well known active opioid with strong addictive properties. The pharmacological activity and addiction potential of the other metabolites are not well established, but there is some evidence that they also may have effects which could contribute to heroin effects and addiction.
We will study the addictive potential of these heroin metabolites in animal tests, as well as their possible contribution to the development of addiction after heroin intake. By using neurochemical tools (in vivo microdialysis) we will also examine dopaminergic neural systems responsible for the pharmacological activity of  the metabolites, and which can mediate their potential effects on heroin addiction.

PUBL-Publisering/prosjektinform

Kampen om litteraturen. Posisjoner i norsk litteraturkritikk og -teori 1920-2010

Awarded: NOK 27,000

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