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Potetskrell, et biprodukt fra industriproduksjon av potet (pommes frites, flak, chips mm.) er en råstoff ressurs som kan bli bedre utnyttet til nye formål. Skrellet er nemlig en rik kilde på antioksidanter, stoffer som planter naturlig har i seg for å beskytte mot skadelige UV-stråler og reaktive forbindelser som oksygen radikaler. Antioksidanter behøver vi også å tilsette i matvarer for å beskytte og ta vare på umettet fett så det ikke blir harskt og vondt i kontakt med luft. I dag brukes flere ulike syntetiske stoffer i matvarer for å hindre oksidasjon av fett og oljer. Men det er reist bekymring rundt sikkerheten for bruken av dem. Matvareindustrien, myndigheter og forbruker ønsker derfor å fjerne flere syntetiske antioksidanter og erstatte dem med naturlig alternativer. Det er imidlertid svært få slike produkter som er godkjent og tilgjengelig på markedet. Prosjektet Peel Preserve, som har et klart bærekraft mål, skal vise om et uttrekk av antioksidanter laget på industrielt potetskrell råstoff kan fungere som konserveringsmiddel og erstatte noen av de stoffene som brukes i dag. Tre næringsmiddelbedrifter skal teste potetskrell-ekstraktet i noen av sine produkter og utføre både interne og eksterne analyser på effekten. Men en viktig forutsetning for at potetantioksidant kan tas i bruk som nytt tilsetningsstoff i mat er at det blir godkjent av den Europeiske matsikkerhets myndigheten (EFSA) og gitt et E-nummer. Prosjektet skal igangsette denne lengre flertrinns godkjennings prosessen. Parallelt skal det utvikles en forretningsmodell og nødvendig beskyttelse rundt teknologien. Dersom industrien etter testingen av potetantioksidanten, vurderer denne som er god erstatning til konkurransedyktig pris, og en EFSA-godkjenning kan oppnås på sikt, åpner det for å kommersialisere et naturlig plante-basert produkt til beste for forbruker og for miljøet. Bak prosjektet Peel Preserve står Høgskolen i Innlandet i samarbeid med Nofima og Klosser Innovasjon.

Preserving foods with potato peels: Industry-relevant validation and first regulatory assessment of a new natural antioxidant

Blue Bio Boost tar sikte på å bidra til bærekraftig økonomisk utvikling av makroalgeindustrien ved å forbedre effektiviteten av formering og utvalg av egnede genotyper (mål 1), ved utnytte genetisk variasjon samtidig som potensialet for genetisk forurensning av naturlige populasjoner minimeres (mål 2), og ved aktivt å involvere interessenter i arbeidet med en plan for fremtidig makroalgeavl i Europa (mål 3).

Blue Bio Boost vil undersøke to alternativer for å unngå påvirkning på naturlige bestander på grunn av kryssing av dyrkede og naturlige bestander; (1) en "mix-to-match"-tilnærming der vi dyrker blandinger av genotyper som egner seg for dyrking og som har allelfrekvenser som ligner på allelfrekvensene i de lokale naturlige populasjonene, og (2) teknikker som kan bidra til avl av forbedrede genotyper og produksjon av sterile alger for dyrking i fremtiden.  En bred og representativ gruppe av interessenter vil bli etablert og delta både i utformingen av en strategi for fremtidig europeisk avl av makroalger med fokus på økonomiske og økologiske mål, og som en formidlingskanal.

Macroalgal biomass has multiple uses and is recognized as a target for increased production in Europe. In order to boost the growing seaweed industry, it is necessary to better utilise the genetic variation to increase yield, quality and stability of the cultivated crop. The current macroalgae cultivation practice in Europe starts every year from new seeding material, obtained directly from local natural populations. There is no selection of the most suitable genotypes, and no storage of seeding material. Hence, no genetic progress in terms of yield and quality is obtained in the cultivated material over time. This is in sharp contrast to virtually all land-based crop production, animal husbandry and fish aquaculture, where domestication has led to selection of genetic material with cumulative improvement of desired traits. There is, however, concern about the potential spread and mixing of domesticated macroalgae with natural populations (introgression), and the ecological consequences this may have, including erosion of the present natural genetic diversity. Blue Bio Boost will investigate two options to avoid impact on natural populations; (1) a “mix-to-match" approach where we cultivate mixtures of superior material with allele frequencies similar to those of the local natural populations, thus attempting to circumvent the problem of introgression, and (2) techniques that could facilitate breeding of improved genotypes and production of sterile sporophytes in the future. A broad and representative Stakeholder Engagement Group (SEG) will be established and function both in co-design of a strategy for the future European breeding of macroalgae focusing on economic and ecological objectives, and as a channel for dissemination activities.

SBEP - Boosting seaweed farming through better utilisation of genetic resources

Dagens matsystemer står overfor mange utfordringer, der klimaendringer er en av de største. Sjømat spiller en nøkkelrolle i overgangen til bærekraftige og næringsrike matsystemer. Sjømatforedlingsindustrien fører med seg betydelige sidestrømmer, som ofte kastes eller er underutnyttet, og som er rike på bioaktive forbindelser for høyverdige markeder som nutraceuticals og funksjonelle matvarer. Prosjektet har som mål å øke effektiviteten og ressursutnyttelsen av eksisterende sjømatsystemer (remove the - that was in this word) og fiskerier gjennom verdiskaping av sidestrømmer til næringsrike matvarer med høy verdi ved hjelp av grønn teknologi. Verdiskaping av biprodukter fra prosessering og en overgang til sirkulær økonomi bidrar til den fysiske og økonomiske motstandsdyktigheten til EUs sjømatforedlingsverdikjeder, samt til miljømessig og økologisk bærekraft i sjømatindustrien. FOODIMAR har som mål å utvikle innovative, kostnadseffektive og klimavennlige metoder for å produsere høykvalitets marint kollagen, gelatin og GAGs (glycosaminoglycan) for å imøtekomme behovene til industrien og forbrukerne. Dette vil oppnås gjennom utforskning av tre EU-piloter: Hvitfisk fra Nordsjøen, maneter fra Østersjøen og havabbor fra Middelhavet. I tillegg fokuserer FOODIMAR på utviklingen av verktøy og retningslinjer for å vise det økonomiske potensialet til disse ressursene i en klimasikker sektor.

The project aims to increase the efficiency and resource optimisation of existing seafood systems and fisheries through seafood side-streams valorisation into high-value-added nutritious food using green technologies. The valorisation of processing by-products and a shift towards a circular economy contribute to the physical and economic resilience of EU seafood processing value chains, as well as to the environmental and ecological sustainability of the seafood industry. This will be achieved through the exploration and characterization of bioactive compounds sourced through 3 EU pilots: North sea whitefish, Baltic sea jellyfish and Mediterranean seabream. Additionally, FOODIMAR focuses on the development of tools and guidelines to showcase the economic potential of these resources in the context of a climate-proof sector. The FOODIMAR concept centers around three main pillars: (1) maximizing the utilization of seafood side-streams and by-catch to reduce food loss; SINTEF Ocean will be responsible of the value chain mapping from the 3 seafood pilots as well as the complete chemical and quality characterization in order to identify the most relevant raw material for each pilot (2) raising the value of seafood side-streams by transforming them into high-value products, rather than low-value applications or waste; Laboratory gelatin and collagen peptide extraction from the most relevant raw material will be conducted by SINTEF Ocean by following yield of the process as well as quality of the final product (3) promoting capacity building and the development of business models to foster the growth and reinforcement of the seafood side-stream valorization sector;

SBEP - FOODIMAR, sustainable climate-Friendly quality fOOD Ingredients from Marine side-stReams

I 2017 fikk EU-kommisjonen gode råd fra en gruppe vitenskapelige rådgivere om hvordan høste mat og biomasse fra havet uten å skade fremtidige generasjoner. Rapporten fremhever bærekraftig høsting og dyrking fra lavere trofiske nivåer som en viktig del av løsningen. EU mener sirkulær mat- og fôrproduksjon er avgjørende for å kunne nå bærekraftsmål, ressurseffektivitet, klimatiltak, en biobasert økonomi og matsikkerhet.
Norsk havbruksnæring har som mål å ha en årlig vekst på 4,4 %, og anslår 5 millioner tonn laks pr år innen 2050. Dette fører til et betydelig fôrunderskudd. I dag utgjør fôret 75 % av norsk laks sitt klimaavtrykk, og over 90 % av ingrediensene importeres. Geopolitiske hensyn nødvendiggjør kortere og sikrere matforsyningskjeder. Den norske regjeringen understreker behovet for økt produksjon av fôr for å styrke matsikkerheten, øke bærekraften og utvikle en mer klimavennlig matproduksjon. Utvikling av nye metoder for masseproduksjon av organismer fra lavere trofisk nivå er viktig for å møte behovene i oppdrettsnæringen.
Krepsdyret Gammarus er en av disse lavtrofiske organismene. Dette lille krepsdyret har en unik evne til å konvertere råvarer av lav kvalitet til høyverdig protein og omega-3 med en riktig ernæringsmessig sammensetning og er godt tilpasset som fôrråstoff; fosfolipider, proteiner med gunstige aminosyreprofiler, karotenoider og andre antioksidanter, vitaminer og mineraler. Forskningen ved SINTEF Ocean har vist at Gammaridaes kan dyrkes på ulike sidestrømmer fra biobaserte næringer som restråstoff fra landbruk og havbruk. SINTEF-teamet har utviklet kunnskap om pilotproduksjon av Gammaridae biomasse. 
Basert på lovende forskningsresultater er det kommersielle målet å industrialisere produksjonen, og dermed skape en ny og levedyktig kilde til fôrråstoff i store mengder for at havbruksnæringen skal kunne vokse på en bærekraftig måte.

Industrial production of Gammaridaes as fishfeed

Politics and Security in the Arctic (POPSARC) tar utgangspunkt i to overordnede spørsmål. For det første, hva kjennetegner vestlige alliertes tilnærminger til sikkerhet i Arktis de senere årene? For det andre, hva kjennetegner samspillet mellom disse vestlige allierte i Arktis, innenfor nøkkelområder av sikkerhetspolitikken? Mye forskningslitteratur har i de senere årene sett på Russland og Kinas ambisjoner for og tilstedeværelse i Arktis, samt vestlige aktørers reaksjoner og tilsvar på disse to statenes signaler og opptreden. Mindre oppmerksomhet har blitt viet endringer i dynamikken og samspillet mellom allierte på vestlig side. Her vil POPSARC bidra til å skaffe til veie oppdatert kunnskap.

Prosjektet fokuserer på åtte stater: De syv arktiske statene Norge, Danmark, Island, Finland, Sverige, Canada og USA, samt Storbritannia - som definerer seg som Arktis' nærmeste nabo. Forskningsteamet vil undersøke disse statenes tilnærminger til og samspill i arktiske sikkerhetsspørsmål på tre områder i perioden 2014-2026: Diplomati, militært samarbeid og infrastruktur-styring. Prosjektet trekker på et teoretisk rammeverk hvor ideer om utenrikspolitiske handlingsrepertoar, felleskapsbygging og differensiering står sentralt. Dette rammeverket vil bli brukt til å analysere endringer i diskurs og observerbare samhandlingsspraksiser på de tre områdene. På den måten vil prosjektet gi verdifulle innsikter til forskere, men også beslutningstakere og den opplyste allmennheten.

At a time marked by major international turbulence – war in Europe, the breakdown of established diplomatic fora, the entry of new actors and stakeholders – there is an urgent need for also understanding the approaches of and interaction dynamics between Western allies operating in or near the Arctic. Power Politics and Security in the Arctic (POPSARC) addresses this knowledge need. While there is a rapidly growing body of literature tracing and unpacking the ambitions and actions of Russia and China in the Arctic, and Western actors’ responses to their moves, limited scholarly attention has been given to the (changing) fabric of allied interactions in the region. POPSARC will theorise, trace, and unpack allied interaction patterns in and around the Arctic.

Doing so, the project asks two questions. First, what characterises Western allies’ current approaches to security in the Arctic? Second, how are allied interactions in the Arctic sphere materialising – in statements, strategies, and observable material practices – across key security domains? Zooming in on the time period 2014-2026, the POPSARC team will study Western allies’ approaches to and interaction patterns in Arctic security across three domains: Diplomacy, military collaboration, and infrastructure governance. Theoretically, it will employ a theory framework organised around the concepts of foreign policy repertoires, community-building, and differentiation. Empirically, it combines the study of dominant and alternative representations in official and wider political and discourses, with a study of observable interaction practices in the domains of diplomacy, military collaboration, and infrastructure governance. In terms of output, the project will deliver academic articles, events, talks, popular publications, and social media engagement. Project results will add to the knowledge production on Arctic security, help policy makers arrive at better-informed decisions, and educate members of the public.

Power Politics and Security in the Arctic

Målet med dette prosjektet er å optimalisere avlsprogrammet for Norsk Rødt Fe (NRF) gjennom integrering av NrfTwin. NrfTwin er en digital tvilling av avlsprogrammet for NRF. NrfTwin gjør det mulig å simulere ulike endringer i avlsprogrammet, for å oppnå betydelige og bærekraftige fremskritt for genetisk fremgang, uten at endringene utgjør risiko for endring av genetikken i NRF-populasjonen. Hovedfokuset er å gjøre NRF enda mer bærekraftig, ved å øke effektiviteten og redusere klimagassutslipp. Det første målet er genetisk forbedring av fôreffektivitet og metanutslipp ved bruk av informasjon fra infrarød spektroskopi på melk, som er tilgjengelige for hver ku i Norge. Det andre målet er å optimalisere reproduksjons- og genomiske teknologier i det nåværende avlsprogrammet. Det tredje målet er å analysere potensialet for å heve det nåværende avlsprogrammet, gjennom en effektiv fusjon av informasjon fra både renrasede og krysninger. Resultatene fra prosjektet har nytteverdi også utenfor vår organisasjon. Vi bidrar til økt ressursutnyttelse, redusert klimaavtrykk, forbedret lønnsomhet for bønder og spredning av kunnskap. Prosjektets resultater skal gi en høyere avkastning på investeringen i avlsprogrammet for NRF, og styrker Geno som en mer effektiv og konkurransedyktig aktør i storfeavlsindustrien.

The project aims to improve the Norwegian Red Dairy Cattle (NR) breeding program through the integration of digital twin of Geno's breeding program (NrfTwin) and advanced breeding techniques. By utilizing NrfTwin simulations and data-driven approaches, the project seeks to optimize the breeding program for increased genetic progress in feed efficiency, methane emission reduction, fertility rates, and overall sustainability. The implementation of NrfTwin will enable rapid evaluation of different breeding scenarios and selection criteria without risking the genetics of the national herd. Through multidisciplinary collaboration and advanced data management systems, the project aims to foster innovation, collaboration, and continuous learning within the organization. The innovation addresses the need to improve the environmental impact of dairy cattle breeding by prioritizing traits that promote productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. By incorporating advanced breeding techniques and leveraging genetic advancements, the project aims to enhance the competitiveness of NR genetics in national and international markets. The research also focuses on optimizing the phenotyping, genotyping, and genetic evaluation methodology to maximize selection accuracy and genetic gain. The use of milk infra-red spectra and advanced prediction machinery will further contribute to the optimization of the breeding program. The project has significant positive impacts on society, including increased resource efficiency, reduction of environmental footprint, improved profitability for farmers, self-sufficiency in food production, and dissemination of knowledge. Overall, the project's outcomes will enhance the return on investment in the NR breeding program, positioning Geno as a more efficient and competitive organization in the dairy cattle breeding industry.

NrfTwin: Advancing Sustainable Breeding of Norwegian Red Dairy Cattle through Digital Twin

I Norge har det vært en økende trend til å benytte regnbueørret (Oncorhynchus mykiss) i oppdrett på grunn av dens raske vekst og toleranse for et bredt spekter av miljøforhold. I dag utgjør regnbueørret 5 % av den årlige produksjon av laksefisk i Norge. Produksjonen har økt med 14 % det siste tiåret, dvs. fra 14453 til 85233 tonn, noe som gjør regnbueørret til den nest mest produserte arten etter atlantisk laks. Til tross for den store interessen er oppdrett av regnbueørret begrenset på grunn av ulike produksjonsutfordringer. Næringen er bl.a avhengig av sesongbasert rognproduksjon. En utfordring er redusert tilgang på rogn i perioden fra juni til oktober, hvilket resulterer i en 5-måneders periode uten tilgang på stor settefisk, fra mars til juni året etter. Videre er forståelsen av hvordan ulike miljøfaktorer initierer og påvirker utviklingen av sjøvannstoleranse dårlig dokumentert. Bl.a. er overføring til sjøvann basert på kroppsstørrelse i stedet for osmoregulatorisk kapasitet. Av den grunn kan settefisken møte ulike helse og velferds utfordringer etter overføring til sjøvann, noe som kan forklare økende dødelighet (rundt 10 %) og høy forekomst av taper fisk (rundt 10 %) i sjøanleggene. Denne utfordringen påfører oppdrettere betydelige økonomiske tap og representerer et velferdsproblem.
I Sande-prosjektet har vi som mål å utvikle nye produksjonsprotokoller for regnbueørret, fra rogn til stor settefisk, basert på optimalisert temperatur, lysrytme og vannkvalitet. En kritisk faktor i prosjektet vil være testing og validering av nye oppdrettsprosedyrer for å kontrollere fiskevekst og utviklingshastighet for å forlenge eller forkorte smoltproduksjonsperioden og tidspunkt for utsetting til sjø. I tillegg vil vi utvikle nye verktøy og analyser for å vurdere smoltkvalitet og tidspunkt for smoltvindu. Denne kunnskapen vil utgjøre en ny biologisk protokoll som tar sikte på å forbedre produksjonen av settefisk av regnbueørret, og som kan leveres til sjøanlegg hele året.

Idéen bak dette prosjektet er å utvikle en sesong uavhengig protokoll (Best Management Practice, BMP) for regnbueørret, fra befruktet rogn til leveringsklar smolt (settefisk), basert på optimalisert temperatur, lysrytme kontroll og styrt vannkvalitet (CO2 nivå), herunder kartlegge konsekvenser på fiskens ytelse, fysiologi, helse og produksjonstid. 
Prosjektet vil innbefatte tre feltforsøk som gjennomføres hos Sande Settefisk. I første forsøk vil effekt av temperatur på tilvekst, helse og kvalitetsutvikling hos regnbueørret i RAS bli kartlagt. Ett sentralt spørsmål vil være; Hvor mye kan vi endre produksjonstiden til ørret i settefiskfasen i vekstintervallet 20 til 400 gr gitt at snitt-temperaturen endres fra 12 til 8?C.  Dette spørsmålet er viktig da en forsinkelse kan benyttes til å dekke perioder hvor oppdretter står uten settefisk som følge av underskudd på egg om våren. Videre vil vi kartlegge hva som er optimalt lysregime under styrt smoltutvikling, herunder gir best smoltkvalitet. Avslutningsvis vil vi undersøke sammenheng mellom variasjon i vannkvalitet (CO2 nivå) på velferd, tilvekst, helse og kvalitet hos regnbueørret. En viktig del av utviklingsarbeidet vil være teste og validere en nyutviklet analyse for vurdering av smoltkvalitet hos regnbueørret (1. Innovasjon). Basert på positive funn og en integrert tolkning av samspillet mellom biologi, drift og vannmiljø, vil vi foreslå analysemetoder og strategier som bedrer fiskens kvalitet og tilvekstpotensial. Kunnskapen vil sammenfattes i en ny biologisk protokoll (BMP, 2. Innovasjon) for optimal sesonguavhengig produksjon av høykvalitets regnbueørret.  I sum vil prosjektet bidra til å sikre en jevn tilgang på settefisk som kan overføres til sjø hele året, og derav styrke oppdrett av regnbueørret i ett bærekraftig fremtidsrettet perspektiv.

Sesonguavhengig produksjon av regnbueørret

Kan saueavl være viktig får å bekjempe klimaendringer? Svaret er faktisk ja! Grunnen er at sauer produserer metan, en drivhusgass som bidrar til global oppvarming. Hva om vi kunne avle sauer som slipper ut mindre metan? Dette er selve essensen i prosjektet "Sustain Sheep."
I dette internasjonale samarbeidsprosjektet involverer forskere fra ulike land (Irland, Storbritannia, New Zealand, Frankrike, Norge og Uruguay) seg i avansert teknologi kalt Portable Accumulation Chambers (PAC) – mobile klimakamre – for å måle metanutslipp fra sauer. Gjennom disse målingene skal man dykke ned i genetikken bak metanutslipp og fôreffektivitet. Resultatet blir anbefalinger for nye avlsmål for sau for å redusere klimafotavtrykket. Potensialet og kostnadene knyttet til implementering av disse avlsmålene vil også bli grundig vurdert.

I Norge vil data fra Sauekontrollen og en genomisk referansepopulasjon bli utnyttet for å analysere genetikken bak metanutslipp hos sauer. I tillegg vil maskinlæring bli anvendt for å avdekke sammenhengen mellom sauens vekt, fôrinntak og metanutslipp. Det vil videre undersøkes hvor effektivt det er å selektere sauer med lavere metanutslipp ved å bruke en simuleringsmodell, en såkalt digital tvilling, av det norske avlsprogrammet for sau. Avslutningsvis vil effekten av å avle for redusert metanutslipp fra sau på klimagassutslippene per kilo slakt produsert bli beregnet ved hjelp av en gårdsmodell. Effekten på de nasjonale klimagassutslippene vil også bli vurdert.

Breeding can be a cost-effective way of reducing enteric methane (CH4) emissions from sheep, by direct selection for CH4 emissions or indirectly through improved productivity. Currently there is under-adoption of these measures as benefits are not captured by the market. Sustain Sheep builds on the successful Joint Call ERA-Net project Grass To Gas and will create infrastructure for incorporation of low environmental impact into national breeding schemes that dovetails into the IPCC inventory. Sustain Sheep is unique as all partner countries (Ireland, United Kingdom, New Zealand, France, Norway and Uruguay) have invested in the same CH4 measurement technology (Portable Accumulation Chambers). 
Sustain Sheep will 1) review the current scientific status of the potential to breed sheep for reduced CH4 emissions (WP1), 2) investigate genetics of CH4 emission and feed efficiency and model the mitigation potential from breeding and give recommendations for new breeding goals (WP2), 3)  forecast uptake rates, cost and abatement of breeding for reduced CH4 emissions (WP3) and 4) determine the best mechanism for dissemination and implementation of project result to maximize stakeholder involvement (WP4). 
In Norway, genetic and genomic analyses of data from the Norwegian Sheep Recording System and the genomic reference population recorded for CH4 emission will be done by NSG (WP2.1). Machine learning to investigate  relationships between GHG emission, ewe live weight and feed intake will be applied and validated by NMBU (WP2.2). The expected response to selection for breeding goals including enteric CH4 and/or feed efficiency will be predicted by NMBU using a digital twin of the Norwegian sheep breeding scheme and data from WP2.1, and the effect on emission intensities (kg CO2-equivalents per kg product) will be investigated using a whole-farm model. The impact of alternative breeding goals on GHG emissions at national level will be quantified using IPCC methodology (WP2.3).

Reducing sheep methane emissions: sustainability in practice via new breeding goals

Hvordan former etterretning russisk innenrikspolitikk og utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikk? Dagens Russland karakteriseres ofte som en «KGB-stat». Nåværende og tidligere etterretningsoffiserer, inkludert president Putin, dominerer i økende grad politikk og økonomi, og bringer med seg kultur, verdensbilde, nettverk og metoder som er typiske for russisk etterretning. Dette er godt kjent, men det er lite systematisk og teoretisk basert kunnskap om hvordan etterretning faktisk påvirker russisk politikk. For å endre på dette har RUSINTELSTATE samlet et team av håndplukkede, internasjonale Russland-eksperter innen etterretningsstudier, kulturstudier, samtidshistorie og internasjonale relasjoner. Anglo-amerikanske etterretningsstudier (for ikke å snakke om statsvitenskap og internasjonale relasjoner) ser gjerne på politikk og etterretning som atskilt. Etterretning forstås snevert, som en spesifikk form for kunnskap som skal gi politisk nøytral beslutningsstøtte. Denne normative tilnærmingen er imidlertid dårlig tilpasset Russland, en autoritær, personalistisk stat med en distinkt historie. RUSINTELSTATE, derimot, a) analyserer etterretning i videre forstand, som aktører, aktiviteter og kultur; og b) anerkjenner at etterretning og politikk ikke kan forstås atskilt. Etterretningsaktører (organisasjoner/nettverk) kjemper for innflytelse ved å posisjonere seg politisk. Etterretningsaktiviteter (kunnskapsproduksjon) både påvirker og blir påvirket av politiske vurderinger. Etterretningskultur – hele spekteret fra propaganda-narrativer til dyptfølt ideologi – både former og blir formet av oppfatningene til aktørene. Vi framholder at verken den russiske staten eller dens etterretning kan forstås atskilt. Vårt begrep ‘hybrid etterretningsstat’, som understreker den gjensidige innflytelsen mellom russisk politikk og etterretning, er et bedre redskap til å forstå russisk utenriks- og sikkerhetspolitikk, og gjør oss bedre i stand til å håndtere dens utfordringer mot vår sikkerhet.

How does intelligence shape Russian domestic politics and foreign and security policy? Intelligence is ubiquitous in Russia. Current and former intelligence officers, including President Putin, increasingly dominate politics and economy, bringing with them the culture, world-view, networks, and methods of the Russian intelligence community. This is widely acknowledged, yet how it impacts Russia’s foreign and security policy is still poorly understood by academics. Both intelligence as such and its role in IR remain under-theorized, and research on Russian intelligence is highly compartmentalized. To change this, RUSINTELSTATE enlists a team of carefully selected international Russia experts from the complementing fields of intelligence studies, cultural studies, contemporary history, and IR. Moving beyond the models of ‘the KGB state’ on the one hand and ‘intelligence-as-a-tool’ of the state on the other, we advance the novel theoretical perspective of the Russian Hybrid Intelligence State. This allows for a nuanced and culturally and contextually sensitive approach based on the recognition that neither the Russian state nor its intelligence can be understood in isolation from each other. Contrary to the traditional and often normative notion of intelligence as a specific type of knowledge, we employ a wide definition of (state-centered) intelligence as actors, activities, and culture, which allows us to analyze the different ways in which intelligence and politics influence each other: a) actors (services/networks) vying for influence by positioning themselves; b) activities (knowledge production) that may both be heavily influenced by political considerations and influence these considerations; and c) culture, i.e. both narratives created for propaganda and deep-seated beliefs of the intelligence services, as well as everything in between. This makes us better equipped to understand Russian foreign/security policy, and to deal with its challenges to our security.

The Russian Hybrid Intelligence State

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Midlene fra GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen fordelt på år

Midlene fra GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen fordelt på fagområde

Dekan, professor

Gave fra Kreftforeningen til NTNU - forskning på kreft

My dissertation deals with sustainable urban mobility in comparative perspective as component of  urban climate protection plans. I am particularly interested in how, why and with what implications on the quality of life electric vehicles are promoted. 

 Whereas Berlin performs rather poorly in going beyond testing the practical applications of electro-mobility - only 165 electric cars were registered as of January 1st, 2012 - by now, more than 4.000 passenger electric vehicles are recorded in Oslo and tw ice as much in entire Norway. Therewith Norway is the global leader in terms of electric vehicles per inhabitant. 

I am thus asking how and why Norway, Oslo respectively, has achieved so well and what could Germany/Berlin possibly learn from it?  

The m ethodology contains policy input mapping and performance evaluation along QoL indicators through surveys with EV drivers, which I hope to be able to approach through EV car dealerships in the first place. Since the Berlin Institute of Technology has condu cted a number of user interviews that could be conducive to my research, I am hopeful a similar survey is already available in Oslo or could give me access to potential interview partners. The language barrier, however, could pose an additional challenge  to my research.

To replace conventional propulsion systems by battery electric vehicles is obviously a short cut to the long term goal of emissions reduction in road traffic, which addresses climate change, fossil fuel dependence, and health related issu es. Questions of congestion and safety through individual motorized transport, however, remain relevant.

My research is thus driven to identify policy prerequisites on the one hand and potential down sides of the application of electric vehicles on the o ther.

ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND QUALITY OF LIFE - A BIG STEP TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

The national-motivated terror attacks in July 2011 shocked not only Norway but also the rest of the world. Especially in Germany, a country with a nationalistic past and unfortunately also a right terror presence, the awareness of the Norwegian phenomena  was very high. My personal interest and leading research question I like to write up in my project about is: Do the German reports focus more on the nationalistic motivation of Breivik than the Norwegian does?
Therefore, I want to investigate the media ou tput of chosen articles and comments between German and Norwegian leading newspapers such as Süddeutsche Zeitung and Aftenposten in the period from July 2011 to August 2012. Articles in newspapers are used to have a more detailed researched report style i n comparison to online or TV publications, which are more concentrated on up to date and subsuming reporting. With the help of the content framing analysis, I like to find out if and how far the reporting decided between Germany and Norway. This method co nsists of distinct stages: frame-building, frame-setting and individual and societal level consequences of framing (Scheufele, 2000). To come closer to the research question, the project concentrates on frame-building: It refers to the factors that influe nce the structural qualities of news frames. Factors internal to journalism determine how journalists and news organizations frame issues. My motivation is to gather experiences in this method in preparation for my master thesis. In my master exam, I also  like to write about right terror and use my EON project as a first basis. As master student of Media and Political Communication of the Freie Universität Berlin I get the chance of an interdisciplinary study: evaluating political phenomena and its public  outcome is an important development. The EON Ruhrgas program for political science would be a great chance to support me in this cross sectional education.

Media reporting about right terror - a content comparison between German and Norwegian leading newspapers

How can we account for variance with electoral advances of right populist parties in Western Europe? Drawing on a socio-evolutionary framework, I argue that the electoral advances of right populist parties share a very plain common denominator: They are t he reaction to moderate political actors? incapability to tame discourses over the questioning of societies? social and symbolic boundaries. 

I propose established political parties? capabilities to lower the salience immigration-matters in public discou rse as the best way to forestall electoral advances of right populist parties. Moderate parties can do so in omitting polarization over immigration-matters and in increasing the salience of other political issues, primarily in the socio-economic realm. 

 I conceive the strategic interplay between the mid-left and the mid-right parties as pivotal: Once a mid-right party politicizes the immigration-issue, the crucial factor impinging on the electoral advances of anti-immigration parties is the positioning o f the mid-left parties: if they oppose the mid-right parties? stances harshly, the issue remains contested, enabling the electoral advances of anti-immigration parties. If the mid-left parties take a moderate stance once faced with skeptical tones from mi d-right parties, maybe even aim for a conservative consensus, the electoral advances of right populist parties are hampered. 

In one sentence: Electoral advances of right populist parties are forestalled if mid-left parties largely give in to the demands  of mid-right parties as the immigration issue is politicized. 

My PhD project will test this hypothesis via a political claims analysis, using media data. I focus on a most similar systems design and scrutinize the immigration discourses of established  parties since the mid 1980s in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden and how they affected the electoral advances of right populist parties.

Explaining variation with the electoral advances of Right Populist Parties (PhD Thesis)

During my stay at the University of Bergen, I intend to continue my research within the areas I have been studying before. Of my particular interest is the phenomenon of sovereign wealth funds. Since it covers aspects of (democratic) accountability as wel l as international political economy, it perfectly fits into my previous academic work. As home country of one of the biggest sovereign wealth funds worldwide, Norway constitutes an excellent example to examine that issue in more detail.  As I am consider ing to write my master's thesis on that matter, I would like to take this opportunity to get in contact with experts coming from that specific area. Furthermore, I would love to do some field research in Norway.

At the University of Bergen I will attend  to the following courses: Political Economy and Political Economy and the Welfare State. According to that urge I plan to take the two other courses Law, Politics and Democracy and European Politics. Besides my general hope for new inspirations coming fro m a new student body around me, I hope I can add some more classical political science to my economic focus after taking these courses. All four of these courses will give me the chance to deepen my knowledge and to enrich it with a view on the European U nion and its politics from the outside.

Letter of Motivation ? Personal Mobility Grant

Whether we eat food, or purchase medication, we are, often without knowing, affected by European regulatory agencies (ERAs). Enjoying a meal, we depend on the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to assure the quality of our food; taking medicines, we en trust the European Medicines Agency (EMA) with the authorization of these products. Being a visible manifestation of the so-called trend of agencification (Levi-Faur 2009), European agencies (~30) have significantly shaped our daily lives and have assumed  ever more tasks originally located at the national level.

Generally perceived as being autonomous from politics, and basing their decisions on expertise, the ERAs have come to be embedded into a broader trend of depoliticizing the public sphere (Flinder s 2004). Autonomy refers to an agency being free from outside constraints and thus serves to insulate its experts from undue political influence by stakeholders. Expertise, in turn, contributes to adequate solution of problems. To understand agency autono my, expertise ranks prominently, by itself as well as by reputation, and is considered a key prerequisite for bureaucratic autonomy (Carpenter 2001). Unfortunately, neither of these two pivotal concepts - autonomy and expertise - nor their relationship to  each other are understood clearly. Therefore, this study sets out to answer the following quetsions: 

How autonomous are ERAs de facto and how does expertise influence it? (depending on the type of expertise, the uncertainty involved, and the degree of  politicization)

Theoretically, this study centrally builds on insights from organizational studies and political science to elaborate on an organizational as well as an inter-institutional pillar. Empirically, the project investigates four European agenc ies which are formally involved in the European decision making process. Findings are based on both interview data (45 semi-structured interviews) and quantitative survey data.

Explaining Agency Autonomy in the EU - Is Expertise the Driving Force?

My dissertation project aims at contributing towards a better understanding of the dynamics of violence against civilians in civil war. I develop a theoretical model of civilian-fighter interaction that accounts for the reciprocal effects of the violence  used, and the level of support that civilians display towards the conflicting parties. I argue that violence in civil war is used to gain support and deter civilians from collaborating with the opponent. Varying strategies of warfare should therefore be r eflected in varying forms of violence. From this follows that violence should affect civilians' preferences in choosing which side to support in civil war. I order to fully address the reciprocity of this relationship, I include the to date under-theorize d role that non-lethal violence has on civilians decision-making processes.

During my research stay at PRIO's Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW), I plan to devote the majority of my time towards analyzing the role that the geographical distribution  of violence has in the interplay between violence and civilian support in civil wars. Since I will be making use of the soon to be released spatial data structure 'GRID' that is currently being developed at PRIO, I very much look forward to working with  this team of researchers and developing my research skills in the field of geographical analysis in conflicts. Furthermore, I will take the opportunity of specifically examining the reaction and adaption process that civilians undergo after having endured  violence in conflict situations. This topic is closely related to the CSCW's major ongoing research project on the manifestations of violence in conflict. In particular, their current research on wartime rape as a repertoire of violence commonly used in  civil war will be instrumental to the development of my theoretical model.

The Reciprocal Relationship of Violence and Civilian Support in Civil War

This is an application for the Ruhrgas Personal Mobility Grant for Political Science. My aim is to spend one semester at the Freie Universität Berlin, focusing on international relations and European integration. Along with academics, a better understandi ng of German culture and language are also important motivations. Further details are enclosed in the Letter of Motivation (attachments).

Exchange semester at Freie Universität Berlin

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,
hiermit  bewerbe  ich  mich  um  ein  Stipendium  für  mein  geplantes  Auslandssemester  in Norwegen  im  Wintersemester 2012/13.  Ich  bin  Student  der  Politikwissenschaften  an  einer ihrer  Partnerinstitutionen,  der   Universität  Bremen  und  befinde  mich  momentan  im  3. Semester  meines  BA-Studiums.  Ich  plane  von  August  bis  Dezember  diesen  Jahres  ein Semester  an  der  Universität  Bergen  in  Norwegen  zu  verbringen und würde daher gerne die Förderung  des Stipendienfonds E.ON Ruhrgas in Anspruch nehmen.
(Nähere Angaben siehe Motivationsschreiben)

Freundliche Grüße,
Jan Samek

Mobility Grant/ BA-Studenten Stipendium für ein Auslandssemester in Norwegen

My planned research stay at the Department of Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen aims at conducting the empirical research for the second country study of my PhD-project 'Changing accountability relations in public employme nt services: The case of Germany and Norway', i.e. the NAV-reform in Norway. 
The PhD-project will analyse how recent reform measures in public employment services have affected the accountability relations in two countries, namely Norway and Germany. The  main research question of the PhD-project can be summarized as follows:
How, why and under which conditions have modes of accountability in welfare state administration shifted as a result of recent reforms in public employment services in Norway and Ger many?
It is assumed that the shift from bureaucratic to more network based models of service delivery has altered accountability relations and amended the classical 'upwards' mechanisms of accountability to ministers, Parliament, and courts, by e.g. marke t accountability forms that have been laid over hierarchical structures or by increased accountability requirements to the public. New steering practices, decentralisation, privatisation and new forms of management have changed the way how public employme nt services operate, but have also created a need for new ways of making public employment services accountable for what they do.
Main activities at the host institution will be:
a)	desk research based on reform documents (identifying documents related to  policy formulation, decision-making, implementation and evaluation of reforms, and studies of steering documents, control initiatives, performance management systems etc.);
b)	the preparation and conduction of semi-structured interviews with key actors o f the reform process, such as political and managerial executives in the public employment services and politicians in the area of labour market.

Changing accountability relations in public employment services: The case of Germany and Norway

Zweimonatiger Forschungsaufenthalt am Riksarkivet Oslo im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit am Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin. 

Gegenstand der Diplomarbeit ist die Etablierung der "Einsatzgruppe Wiking" 1942 in Oslo, die  ein entscheidender Akteur der Ausbeutung von über 100000 Zwangsarbeitern im besetzten Norwegen war. Ziel der Forschung im OT-Archiv des Riksarkivet wird es sein, Aufbau und Organisation der "Einsatzgruppe Wiking", die Entscheidungen zum Einsatz von Zwang sarbeitern und die Organisation dieser Zwangsarbeit auf norwegischem Boden nachzuvollziehen. Die Arbeit liegt somit an einem Schnittpunkt zwischen Geschichte, Politikwissenschaft und Ökonomie. Die Arbeit wird nicht nur zum ersten Mal detailliert dieses Ka pitel der deutsch-norwegischen Geschichte beleuchten, sondern gewinnt eine gesamteuropäische Bedeutung, da die Zwangsarbeiter aus vielen Staaten Europas (z.B. Polen, Russland, Frankreich, Serbien) nach Norwegen gebracht wurden.

Betreuer der Diplomarbeit  sind Prof. Johannes Tuchel (FU Berlin/Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand) und Prof. Hans Otto Frøland (NTNU Trondheim). Die Diplomarbeit entsteht im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes "Tvangsarbeidets politiske økonomi: Organisation Todt i Norge under andre ve rdenskrig" der NTNU Trondheim, das auch vom Norwegischen Forschungsrat unterstützt wird. Meine "host institution" wird die NTNU Trondheim sein, wobei mich aber während der zwei Monate lediglich am Riksarkivet in Oslo aufhalten werde.

In Oslo werde ich mi t der Forschergruppe des Projekts am Riksarkivet in engem Kontakt stehen und auch deren dortige Räumlichkeiten nutzen können.

Diplomarbeit "Die Etablierung der Einsatzgruppe Wiking 1942"

As part of my master's degree in Public Policy, a stay at a foreign university is an important widening to my studies at the Hertie School of Governance. For my further studies and my own scientific work a semester in Bergen would provide me with new inpu ts. Especially the combination of administrative science and organization theory within the Master Programme in Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen offers a great opportunity to combine my skills in public policy analysis wi th the perspectives of public organizational studies. Moreover, it is also possible to learn how the university system and my field of studies are taught and studied in another country which will be very interesting and rewarding. During my Bachelor studi es at the University of Potsdam, I focused particularly on the areas of public administration and organization. Actually, in my Master studies of Public Policy, I take a particular interest in administration and organization and as well as in public manag ement, with a focus on social policy. The University of Bergen and the Department of Administration and Organization Theory would therefore fit perfectly to deepen and to broaden my knowledge in this field. I noticed also positively the focus on methodolo gical training within the Master Programme. I consider this emphasis on methodological questions and design as very attractive and could benefit from this during a Semester abroad in Bergen. 
In summary, a semester abroad in Bergen would be a great opport unity promoting me on my way to the master's degree and provide me with more skills and knowledge to successfully finish my studies.

Exchange Semester at the University of Bergen, Master of Public Administration and Organization Theory

Why do central government organisations change all the time, i.e. why are they constantly establishing, reorganising or abolishing their organisational elements? This research project studies the organisational anatomy of central governments and analyses  why it matters for the formulation of government policies, especially in austerity policy, climate policy, and welfare policy.
Following organisation theory, it argues that organisational dynamics in central governments are influenced by their institution al context, comprising formal rules but also normative imperatives and cognitive worldviews. It expects that organisational dynamics differ also across policy fields due to actor constellations and interaction modes. In turn, it assumes that the organisat ional dynamics in central governments shape the formulation of government policies e.g. by defining formal boundaries and authority structures, also influencing the specialisation and fragmentation of ministerial bureaucracies. Empirically, it analyses or ganisational dynamics in the German federal government from 1949 to 2011, particularly in austerity policy, climate policy, and welfare policy. More importantly, the research project aims to compare these with organisational dynamics in the Norwegian cent ral government.
As such, the research project is closely linked to the research agenda of the Department for Administration and Organisation Theory (University of Bergen). First, its theoretical argument is strongly inspired by the 'Bergen approach' (Olse n 2007) in organisation theory. Second, it echoes the seminal work by Bergen researchers on state mapping and the Norwegian State Administration Database - and strongly benefits from collaborative research. Lastly, it adds a complementary perspective to t he research project on 'Reforming the Welfare State' in Bergen by studying the German governmental structures in welfare policy and comparing them with two other policy fields and the Norwegian state administration.

Organisational Anatomy of Governments Project

The political quality of the European Union has changed dramatically in recent years. States must prove themselves in an increasingly complex international arena. As a consequence, supranational administrative actors have gained a great deal of new respon sibilities. Although they have grown to become key players, their importance has not yet been properly studied. 
Using European Regulatory Agencies (ERA)  as an example, the study seeks to understand the importance and impact of supranational administrati ve actors (independent variable) for the European decision-making process (dependent variable). All in all, the study explores the role of supranational bureaucracies in the post-delegation phase. 
Drawing conclusions from the literature on national burea ucracies, ERAs are expected to act as strategic players, who actively try to influence the European decision-making process in their own way. Understood as political entrepreneurs it is believed that ERAs "advocate new ideas and develop proposals, define  and reframe problems; specify policy alternatives; broker the ideas among the many policy actors; mobilize public opinion; help set the decision making agenda" (Roberts/King 1991: 48). They are looked at as knowledge-brokers, as negotiation-facilitators,  and as capacity-builders. 
Based on policy-oriented as well as applied economic and negotiation approaches the study will contribute to the further theoretical conceptualization of influence as well as its practical measurement. To test the hypothesizes d rawn from the literature it uses a mix-method approach, conducting interviews as well as an extensive secondary data analysis.

The role and impact of supranational bureaucracies in the European administrative space. Taking the European Environmental Agency as example

Utveksling, E.ON Ruhrgas

I am hereby applying for grants to undertake an exchange semester at the Universität Hamburg. I will be attending the Euro Master Programme during the Summer semester 2012 as part of my European Master at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology .

Master studies: Exchange semester in Hamburg, Germany

I will spend the spring semester 2012 at the Freie Universität, as part of my master's degree at University in Bergen. During the semester I will take courses in political economy which are relevant to my master's thesis. My master's thesis uses the quant itative method of regression analysis to examine the variations in active labor market policy spending between OECD countries. The thesis will study differences in time and space, and attempt to identify the most important factors influencing the variatio n in labor market policy spending.
As Freie Uni has not yet made public it's course catalog for the spring semester, it's hard for me to point out precisely which courses I am going to be studying. However, I am sure that the Otto Suhr Institute of Politi cal Science at Freie Universität will have courses that are relevant for my project.

Master's program exchange

The aim of the dissertation project is to investigate how the cash-for-childcare (CFC) benefit is coordinated with other policies, which affect the distribution of paid work and care in the family. Thereby, policy goals as well as the institutional design  of policies will be considered. Furthermore, it will be examined how the CFC benefit fits to the social environment, i.e. social practices and normative orientations concerning the distribution of paid work and care in the family. According to recent emp irical studies, including the social environment into the analysis is crucial, because successful policy-making does not only depend on coordination between policies: Moreover, it has to take normative orientations in society into account. 
The cases unde r study are Sweden, Norway and Germany. The three countries are selected due to their different forms of support for the dual-earner/dual-carer- and the male-breadwinner-model. 
To investigate coordination deficits between the CFC benefit and other polici es that affect the distribution of paid work and care in the family, the institutional design of these policies will be studied in detail. Furthermore, political paradigms will be analyzed to investigate how policy goals are coordinated. Social practices  and normative orientations will be explored by ordinal regression analyses of surveys that were carried out short before the introduction of the CFC schemes. Thereby, it is possible to discover how the social background of the reform looked like. To ident ify coordination deficits between the policy-regime and the social environment, it will be examined, if the paradigms and the institutional framework of CFC schemes are in line with social practices and normative orientations of parents.

Cash-for-childcare-schemes: How do they fit to their institutional and social environment?

The aim of the study is to examine accountability relationships in the hospital sector in Norway, Germany and Denmark and consequences of changes in these relationships.

During the past 20 years there has been a growing concern that the European welfare  states are lacking popular support and that they are inefficient and ineffective. A number of reforms in European countries have been implemented to handle these challenges. These reforms are influenced by New Public Management (NPM) ideas, as other refor ms in the public administration sector as well. As a result there have also been comprehensive changes in the management of the hospital sector. It can be claimed that these reforms have altered accountability relationships. 

My research project will dir ect attention to the hospital reforms in Denmark, Germany and Norway and look at the development of these new accountability trends and the democratic consequences it has. The study will examine and compare accountability relations between hospital boards  and elected politicians in the hospital sector in the three countries. 

The project is connected to project "Reforming the Welfare State: Accountability, Democracy and Management", a joint initiative of the University of Bergen, the University of Potsda m, Oxford University and the Danish Institute of Governmental Research, funded by the Research Council of Norway. 

A research stay is planned at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at Potsdam University, from April 1st to July 31st, 2012 (4 mo.) . The main objective of my stay will be data collection regarding the accountability relationships between publicly owned hospitals and the government in the German hospital sector. There will be carried out interviews with central actors, for instance of  board members. The research stay will also be beneficiary for my own project and also strengthen the comparative dimension of the larger project. The research stay will also be an integrated part of my PhD program.

Accountability relations in the hospital sector: A comparative study of hospital boards in Norway, Denmark and Germany.

Ich bin eine Studentin im ersten Semester eines Masterprogrammes in Politikwissenschaft an der Universität in Tromsø, Norwegen. 

Die breite Auswahl von Kursen an der Humboldt-Universität können mir bessere Einsicht in die Fachgebiete geben, die später ak tuell für meine zukünftige Masterarbeit werden können. Da Kurse über die EU mich besonders interessieren, wäre es sehr lehrreich die Union von innen zu studieren.

Auf einem höheren Niveau in Deutschland zu studieren, würde mir auch helfen, um meine Sprac hkenntnisse weiter zu verbessern, und besonders auch auf fachlicher Ebene.

Nach dem Studium würde ich gern in einem internationalen Arbeitsmilieu arbeiten und die deutsch-norwegische Zusammenarbeit stärken. Ein Semester in Berlin würde mich einen Schritt  näher an dieses Ziel bringen.

Studienaufenthalt in Berlin

Das Motivationsschreiben ist als pdf angehängt.

Motivationsschreiben

This study aims to analyse how and why the German Armed Forces developed its force structure as it did in the period 1990-2010, with particular emphasis given to explaining the large degree of continuity in the German military's force structure in the pos t-Cold War period. As the largest European economy and the second most populous country in Europe, Germany is potentially Europe's greatest military power. The way it has chosen to develop its armed forces after the Cold War has therefore had tremendous i mpact upon European security. This study aims to outline the post-Cold War development of the German Armed Forces, the Bundeswehr. At the heart of the research project also lies a small mystery: despite Germany's economic power and large supply of manpowe r, the Bundeswehr has not become Europe's premier military after the Cold War. When compared to the British or French armed forces, the Bundeswehr has usually been seen as more conservative and adverse to reform, contributing less towards expeditionary wa rfighting operations abroad than the other two armed forces. The study seeks to account for and explain this development.

The Bundeswehr after the Cold War: German military transformation 1990-2010

The EU and its member states are more and more involved in military operations and interventions in foreign countries. Often the outcome is not the desired one. Understanding why is an important challenge to decide on future steps. However information sou rces are scarce. A common procedure is to rely on newspaper based event data but this data is biased. It is a necessity to understand such biases to formulate policy recommendations for EU-decision makers and to improve intervention outcome. Conducting a  systematic comparison of different event data by means of Geographic Information System (GIS) Software would allow to assess if and to what extent and as well to isolate which of these biases impact subsequent quantitative analysis. A study visit the Peac e Research Institute Oslo would give me the possibility to acquire the necessary skills in electronic data processing, GIS software and relational event databases and to conduct this research project in an environment of excellent expertise.

Improving Insights into the Dynamics of Political Violence: Taking Media Bias Seriously

This grant would fund another research stay at the Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI). FNI has already provided excellent ground for my research into Norway's environmental politics. Having secured continuous supervision from Prof. Steinar Andresen (FNI) and  having established a network to other scholars in Norway, I am confident that, should I be successful, I would make full use of the grant and finish my dissertation chapter on Norway. The research stay is an essential part of my Ph.D which focuses on int ernational climate negotiations and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); examining the development of the mitigation mechanism 'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation' (REDD). Since 2005 REDD has gained weight as a mitiga tion mechanism: Now at the top of the international negotiation agenda, the mechanism's success depends to a large extent on the financial commitment of donor countries. Norway's early inclusion of REDD in its 'International Climate and Forest Initiative'  and it's facilitation of the REDD+ Partnership, firmly places Norway as the largest financial contributor to a REDD regime and is hence a leader in securing financial transfers from industrialized to developing countries. With Norway as the main case stu dy, my research analyzes the driving forces behind national framing of REDD. Drawing upon the theoretical tradition of Historical Institutionalism, the analytical approach seeks to investigate ideas and interests promoted by actors and institutions. A key  and most challenging objective is to extract national motivations to understand policy changes and national preferences for this particular mechanism. Such an objective stems from previous work demonstrating that this has not yet been adequately addresse d with reference to REDD. The collection of missing primary 'field' data, mainly interviews with politicians and industry, is key to this project's success. Therefore another E.ON Ruhrgas grant would be very helpful

Comparative analysis of the driving forces behind the framing of REDD in industrialized countries

Researchers have commonly aimed at explaining how member states' resistance against liberalisation reform in the EU has been overcome, attributing to the supranational institutions an important role in removing protectionist barriers. The finding is that  area after area in the EU has been liberalised and there are limits to resistance against economic liberalisation. Recognising such limits, under what conditions does liberalisation reform in the EU's internal market not occur? I argue that literature on  liberalisation reform in the European Union will benefit from including negative cases in the analyses and bringing perspectives of established institutions at the national level back in is important for illuminating what is really going on. Adopting a "m ost-similar" analysis of three network industry cases, I will show that there is a relationship, on one hand, between the experience with liberalisation within a field, risk of litigation and characteristics of the Commission and, on the other hand, the d egree of liberalisation in European regulations and directives. For this purpose a project venture at the Berlin Graduate School for Social Sciences is useful, given its focus on multilevel and multinational policy and European integration.

GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen

Gave fra Kreftforeningen til NTNU - forskning på kreft

Awarded: NOK 4.0 mill.

Funding scheme:

GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics