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Grunnbevilgninger

Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Employing a decolonial approach inspired by critical museology and Indigenous studies, LIT aims to initiate a visual restitution/rematriation process fostering attention to Sámi people’s experiences during colonial encounters, and to illuminate individual life-stories of women and children photographed by Italian anthropologists Mantegazza and Sommier between 1879 and 1886. It wishes to generate dialogical knowledge of unpublished visual/written materials, enabling Sámi communities of interest to gain access to these scholars’ photographs. In complex socio-historical Indigenous/settler contexts such as Sápmi (the Sámi homeland), Sámi people’s control over their own heritage has proved essential to processes of cultural and ethnopolitical self-determination. Part of the Sámi visual heritage consists of photographs taken - often through mild violence and coercion - by academics engaged in physical anthropological practices involving Sámi individuals of all ages and genders. The resulting academic and divulgative publications circulated in Europe for decades, shaping and reinforcing stereotypes of Sámi peoples and cultures. Photos taken in colonial encounters by late-19th/early-20th century scholars to visualize Sámi people’s supposed biological-cultural inferiority (until a few decades ago inaccessible to the Sámi) have become important means of decolonization and empowerment through art and activism. The visual restitution of such photographs is of the utmost importance not only from a cultural heritage perspective but is also considered by Sámi institutions and individuals as an urgent necessity. LIT proposes an innovative approach based on the co-construction of knowledge and with a gender dimension. I shall reconstruct life stories of women and children photographed by Italian ethnologists, locating their descendants and returning their photographs to their communities. LIT would benefit my career, making me a leading researcher in Sami Studies and museology.

Locating Intergenerational Ties, rematriating late-19th-century unpublished photographs of Sámi Women and Children

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

Kulturlandskap leverer viktige økosystemtjenester, blant annet erfaringsbasert, lokal kunnskap om hvordan man kan tilpasse seg og begrense negative effekter av klimaendringer. Landskapene er sårbare for klimaendringer og andre påvirkninger. Derfor blir kunnskapen kontinuerlig oppdatert og overført mellom generasjoner. Ved å studere seterlandskap i Norge og lignende beitebetingete kulturlandskap i Frankrike og Spania vil vi dokumentere klimaendringer og andre trusler mot immateriell kulturarv. Vi vil beskrive landskapenes egenskaper og hvilke faktorer som muliggjør tilpasninger og avbøtende tiltak, både politiske virkemidler og tiltak i samfunnet ellers. Prosjektet har tre målsetninger:
1. Utvikle en verktøykasse som skal hjelpe lokalsamfunn og beslutningstakere med å vurdere kulturlandskapets sårbarhet og motstandsdyktighet overfor negative endringer ("resiliens").
2. Utvikle formidlingsmateriale om verdien av å bevare erfaringsbasert kunnskap som en levende kulturarv og hvordan den kan bidra til at samfunnet gjør tilpasninger og tiltak mot negative effekter av klimaendringer.
3. Bidra til den vitenskapelige litteraturen om kulturlandskapets sårbarhet og motstandsdyktighet overfor klimaendringer, og til å utvikle strategier for tilpasninger basert på den immaterielle kulturarven.
Prosjektgruppen er internasjonal og tverrfaglig: Amerikanske, franske, norske og spanske forskere skal samarbeide om å dokumentere og modellere endringer i landskapet. Interesseorganisasjoner vil bidra i prosjektstyringen og i sammenstillingen av resultater. Seterbrukere vil bidra med erfaringsbasert kunnskap, og til å analysere og tolke data. I tillegg til verktøy for klimatilpasninger og for forvaltning av den immaterielle kulturarven skal det lages veiledere for journalister, og det skal produseres filmer. Prosjektet skal øke samfunnets bevissthet om immateriell kulturarv og støtte arbeidet med å ivareta erfaringsbasert kunnskap om beitebetingete kulturlandskap.

Cultural landscapes provide essential ecological and sociocultural services and contain insights needed to combat climate change, but they are vulnerable to climate change and other stressors. By examining the cultural landscapes of transhumant pastoralism in France, Norway, and Spain, we will detail climate and other threats to this intangible cultural heritage (ICH), the characteristics and factors that create adaptive capacity in these
systems, and methods for sustaining ICH through community action and policy. The research supports three goals established with societal partners:
1. Develop a toolkit that helps communities and decision-makers assess the vulnerability and resilience of cultural landscapes. 
2. Develop communication resources for the public and policy makers illustrating why threatened cultural heritage matters and how cultural heritage can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. 
3. Contribute to scientific literature on the vulnerability and resilience of cultural landscapes and culturally informed strategies for climate mitigation and adaptation. 
Our team builds on multiple collaborations and deep expertise. The most significant involves French, Spanish, and U.S. partners modeling future changes in the French Basque pastoral system. The Basque Centre for Climate Change specializes in Spanish transhumant pastoralism and ecological modeling; Swiss partners designed tools for measuring livelihood resilience, and partners in Norway have expertise in agricultural landscape change, cultural heritage, and public participation. Societal partners (Syndicate of Soule and Concejo de la Mesta) will contribute to project management and synthesis, and farmers are fully engaged in collecting and analyzing data. In addition to adaptation and management tools, the project supports guides for professional journalists and farmer-made films to spread awareness and increase public support for cultural heritage protection.

Mitigation and Adaptation in Cultural Heritage Landscapes: Lessons from Transhumant Pastoral Systems for Managing
Novel Climate Risks

Kunstig intelligens (KI) er på full fart inn i skolen, og har med seg en rekke muligheter, men også problemer. Human Reading Assessment (HUMAN) har som mål å undersøke hvordan teknologien kan tas i bruk i skolen på en måte som setter eleven i sentrum. 

Prosjektet tar utgangspunkt i leseprøvene som elevene må ta på skolen, og svarer på utfordringene KI bringer med seg på flere nivå: 

På det mest grunnleggende nivået vil HUMAN utvikle og undersøke selve algoritmene, og finne ut hvordan de kan brukes i en menneskesentrert leseprøve. 

Neste nivå dreier seg om å undersøke innholdet i læringsteknologien, i dette tilfellet tekstene som skal leses og oppgavene som skal løses. Her legger vi særlig vekt på at Vurderingsforskrifta sier at prøvene ikke bare skal undersøke hva elevene kan, men også fremme læring og bidra til lærelyst. HUMAN vil undersøke hvordan læringsteknologi kan bidra til å utforme tekster og oppgaver slik at de både er engasjerende og støtter læring. I tillegg har vi et mål om å undersøke hvordan prøveresultater bør fremstilles for at lærere skal kunne bruke dem til å tilpasse opplæringen.

På det mest overordnede nivået undersøker vi hva AI i læringsteknologi har å si for barns opplevelse av og handlingsrom i verden, og hva den har å si for barns rettigheter. Hvordan AI implementeres og presenteres i skolen har store konsekvenser for individets evne til å handle med selvstendighet senere i livet. HUMAN handler derfor også om å undersøke utdanningssystemets rolle for individet og i samfunn og arbeidsliv. 

Kunnskapen som frembringes i prosjektet vil gi viktige innspill til fremtidig politikkutforming. Samtidig vil den også være direkte anvendbar for forvaltningen, for lærere og andre aktører i utdanningssektoren.

HUMAN vil foregå i nært samarbeid med norske skoler. Det er et tverrfaglig prosjekt, med forskere innen litteraturvitenskap, lesevitenskap, datavitenskap og juss.

Goal: identify how we can develop a HUMAN digital reading assessment that presents students with tasks adapted to their interests and level of reading skill.

Objectives:
1. New knowledge on the design of engaging texts, tasks and teacher interfaces that can be used to assess reading comprehension
2. A ground-breaking new methodology for adaptive reading assessment, combining IRT with machine learning techniques such as recommender systems and natural language processing
3. Analytical tools for analysing philosophical and legal implications that are specific to the use of AI in assessment
4. A validated and reusable framework harnessing results from objectives 1 to 3 to enable an engaging, precise, and usable assessment

Research questions:
1. What characterizes texts and items that are motivating for children to read and are suitable for valid and efficient assessment of their reading skills?
2. What kind of information do teachers need about their students’ reading skills in order to adapt their instruction?
3. Which methods (from e.g., machine learning, multidimensional scaling and natural language processing) are best suited to match the right text to the right student, with respect to their skills and interest?
4. How can we analyse students’ experience of AI-based digital reading assessment?
5. What are the legal implications of AI-based digital reading assessments?
6. Does the framework established in the project provide a more engaging and precise assessment of reading skills than currently existing assessments?
7. Does the framework established in the project provide the teacher with more actionable information than currently existing assessments?

The project is interdisciplinary. It is anchored in educational assessment, reading science, and computer science. In addition, methods from literature, law and philosophy are employed locally.

Human Reading Assessment

Forbrukersamfunnets vareproduserende industri har antatt slik en massiv skala og rekkevidde at det er åpenbart at design som aktivitet og profesjon har betydelig innvirkning på økologiske systemer både lokalt og globalt. Å designe innebærer viktige beslutninger om hvilke og hvor mye materialer som skal utvinnes fra naturen. Dette prosjektet undersøker hvordan disse avgjørelsene regulerer forbruk, og hvordan dette lite påaktede aspektet ved designprosessen har endret seg fra den andre industrielle revolusjon til i dag. Design sies ofte å ha en forbruks-drivende effekt, både om dette formuleres som kritikk eller løfte. Samtidig har design lenge blitt ansett å være et viktig element i forsøk på å styre forbruket i ønskelige retninger. I alle disse sammenhenger er design knyttet til forbruk gjennom dets manifestasjon som produkter. Men designs kulturelle betydning og økologiske konsekvenser kan ikke fullt ut begripes gjennom produkters ideologiske og sosioøkonomiske funksjoner og sirkulasjoner. For bedre å forstå hvordan design påvirker forbruk må vi åpne opp «den sorte boksen» som produktet fremstår som, og grave under dets forførende overflater. Vi må studere de økologiske egenskapene til de materialer som produktet består av, og hvilke sammenhenger disse inngår i. På denne måten gjør prosjektet det mulig å se hvordan design regulerer forbruk, ikke ved salgspunktet, men ved opprinnelsespunktet: i gruvene, dagbruddene og brønnene som forsyner designere og produsenter med materialene som utgjør den industrialiserte verden med alle dens moderne bekvemmeligheter og begjærlige objekter.

This project examines how design regulates the consumption of extractive materials, and how this practice has changed over time in response to ideological shifts in the understanding of nature. Designing entails crucial decisions on which and how much materials to mine, blast, drill, excavate, or fell. This project will examine how these decisions regulate consumption, and how this under-appreciated aspect of the design process has changed from the second industrial revolution to the present. Given the scale to which the manufacturing industry has grown in order to satisfy our seemingly endless needs and desires, designing as an activity and a profession has decisive impact on ecological systems both locally and globally. Design is habitually cast as a catalyst of consumption, whether formulated as criticism or as promise. At the same time, design has long been seen as key in efforts to steer consumption in more desirable directions. In all these contexts, however, design is related to consumption through its manifestation as consumer products. But now that everything from genes to jeans is understood to be designed, the cultural significance and ecological impact of design can no longer adequately be gauged from the ideological and socio-economic functions and circulations of commodities. To better understand how design influences consumption, we need to open the black box that is the consumer product, dig beyond its shiny surfaces and mesmerizing interfaces and examine its constituent parts; the ecological properties and entanglements of the materials of which it is made. By doing so, this project will allow us to examine how design regulates consumption, not at the point of purchase, but at the point of origin: in the mines, quarries, and wells supplying designers and manufacturers with the extractive materials making up the industrialised world with all its modern conveniences and objects of desire.

Designing with/out Extractive Materials

Selv i Norge, et av de mer egalitære samfunnene i Europa, begrenser sosiale ulikheter i tidlig språkutvikling hos barn sterkt deres potensiale for senere suksess i utdanning og arbeidsliv. Derfor er det nødvendig med gode diagnostiske kartleggingsprøver for å oppdage og adressere disse ulikhetene tidlig. Progressive tester for tidlige språkferdigheter er det typiske måleinstrumentet som brukes til akkurat dette kartleggingsformålet. Dagens praksis for utforming av progressive tester er ikke god nok; Hvis vi vurderer at beslutninger tatt ved hjelp av disse testene kan ha en viss innvirkning på livet til medlemmer av ofte sårbare populasjoner (f.eks. små barn i faresonen), er det i verste fall direkte bekymringsfullt.

I dette prosjektet tar vi sikte på å gi et solid metodisk verktøysett som gjør det mulig å mer systematisk designe og validere progressive tester med formål om å legge til rette for det viktige arbeidet til utøvere innen utdanning, skolepsykologi og ortopedagogikk (PPT: pedagogisk-psykologisk tjeneste) som utfører diagnostiske kartlegging for utviklingsforsinkelser hos barn.

Even in Norway, one of the more egalitarian societies in Europe, social inequalities in the early language development of children heavily constrain their potential for later success in education and work life.  Hence, good diagnostic screening tests are needed to detect and address these inequalities early on. Progressive tests for early language skills are the typical measurement instrument used for this exact screening purpose. Current practice in design of progressive tests can be regarded as suboptimal at best and, if we consider that decisions made using these tests can have quite some impact on the life of members of often vulnerable populations (e.g., young kids at risk), outright worrying at worst. 

In this project, we aim to provide a solid toolkit that allows to more systematically design and validate progressive tests with the bigger goal of facilitating the important work of practitioners in the field of education, school psychology, and orthopedagogics that conduct the diagnostic screenings for developmental delays with children.

Screening Early and Adaptively for Language Skills

I det globale nord fremstilles ofte ressursutvinning som "grønne" og klimavennlige prosjekter, mens de faktisk opprettholder de koloniale forhold mellom stater og urfolk. Et eksempel er "grønn gruvedrift" i Sápmi, der metaller for litium-ion-batterier utvinnes. Industriinteressene bruker klimaendring som argument og posisjonerer seg selv som forkjempere for det grønne skiftet. Dette er bakgrunnen for forskningsprosjektet GREENGROWTH, som skal analysere betydningen av "grønne" prosjekter for samisk politikk og handlingsrom. De samiske områdene står overfor to store utfordringer: et økende behov for mineraler og energi for å opprettholde livsstil og industriell vekst, og et stadig økende behov for å håndtere klimaendringer. Vi skal belyse hvordan samiske aktører og interesser kommer til orde og får innflytelse i debatten om miljøvern, "grønn" industri og urfolkspolitikk, historisk og i dag. Vi undersøker hvordan nærings- og økonomiske og samiske interessenter (stakeholders) plasserer seg i debatten om grønn vekst. Prosjektet tar for seg politikk og kommersialisering av naturen, og ser på hvordan klimaendringer påvirker samiske aktører og interesser i det offentlige rommet. Den offentlige debatten om samiske spørsmål er fragmentert, og en av prosjektets arbeidspakker utforsker hvordan samiske interessenter representeres gjennom nyhets- og sosiale medier. Prosjektet belyser samisk motstand mot fornybare prosjekter og utfordrer stereotypier ved å se på samenes dobbeltrolle som både ofre for arealbeslag og økologisk bevisste aktører. GREENGROWTH undersøker gruveindustriens historie, styring og rolle i opprettholdelsen av koloniale diskurser og strukturer, og tar for seg både historiske og samtidige aspekter ved samiske medier og debatten om det grønne skiftet. Prosjektet søker å forstå de komplekse virkningene på urfolkssamfunn og bidrar til en dypere analyse av spenningsforholdene mellom samiske interesser, grønn industri og miljøvernere.

GREENGROWTH will study and compare the positions the Sámi actors and stakeholders occupy and are attributed in the public debate on the Green transition and Green mining. How are the stakeholder groups formed and how are the Sámi stakes and interests weighted by other actors in the debate? The debate studied is concerned with growth-driven Green projects, of which the Green transition is the most recent example. The Sámi actors are analysed as interest-, rights- and stakeholders by utilizing stakeholder theory, settler colonial theorizing, discourse analysis and frame analysis. GREENGROWTH focuses on Sámi framings and responses in this debate. The interdisciplinary, international, multicultural and multilingual research group consists of senior and mid-career scholars with expertise on Sámi and Indigenous issues representing communication sciences, economic history and environmental history. The project will contribute to a deeper understanding of the Sámi political space under swift transformation in conditions of Green transition and the encroachments of resource extraction. Work package 1 is project administration; Work Package 2 will study the key Sámi organizations, the Sámi Parliaments in Finland and Norway, the frames articulated in their social media accounts, and the Sámi news media’s role and framings in the public debate on Green growth. WP3 will analyse the longer history of cooperation between the Sámi and the environmentalist movement, and the effects on the Sámi of being immersed in environmental discourses, with a special focus on the ideologies and projects of Green growth and nature conservation in Finland and in Norway. WP4will study the conduct of mining companies and financial imperialism in the Nordic north by charting the history of the transformation in mining adopting an environmental ideological foundation. WP5 draws together and concludes on the central findings of GREENGROWTH.

GREENGROWTH - Green growth and Sami Stakeholders. Public debate on Green resource extraction in Sápmi

En bekymringsfull trend finner sted i Norge: andelen 30-åringer som mottar uføretrygd har mer enn doblet seg de siste 25 årene. Denne økningen sammenfaller med ulike samfunnsendringer, inkludert en økning i diagnoser knyttet til mental helse blant ungdom, økt konkurranse i utdanning, reformer i trygdeordningene, endringer i arbeidsmarkedet på grunn av automatisering, og demografiske endringer på grunn av innvandring og eldre personer som forblir lengre i arbeidsstyrken.

For å forstå økningen i andelen unge mottakere av uføretrygd, er et omfattende forskningsprosjekt igangsatt. Ved å bruke omfattende administrative data, undersøkelser og komparative studier på tvers av de nordiske landene, har prosjektet som mål å dekomponere faktorene til denne økningen i ungdoms uførhet. Forskningen er strukturert i seks arbeidspakker, hver med fokus på et spesifikt aspekt, som økning i utdanningskonkurranse, skift i arbeidsmarkedet, og den økende forekomsten av psykiske helsediagnoser. Det primære målet er å oppnå en nyansert forståelse av faktorene som driver økningen i ungdoms uførhet, spesielt den  sosioøkonomiske gradienten. Gjennom empiriske undersøkelser søker prosjektet å informere og forbedre grunnlaget for sosialforsikringssystemet og tilhørende politikkutvikling i Norge.

The share of people aged 30 who receive disability benefits in Norway has more than doubled over the previous 25 years. Despite several partial explanations, this dramatic rise is not well understood. It coincides with several other potentially related societal changes:
•	A rise in the share of youths receiving diagnoses, treatment and medication for mental illness, and an expanded treatment capacity. 
•	Increased competition in the educational sector.
•	Changes and reforms in the social insurance system. 
•	Structural changes in the labor market, machines and automation changing the composition of jobs. 
•	Increased supply of labor, potentially in competition with youth labor, from immigrants as well as prolonged labor market participation among the elderly. 

The ambition of this project is to solve this youth disability puzzle by carefully assembling these pieces of potential explanations, and – to the extent possible – quantify their importance. Our motivation is to provide answers to the seemingly simple question “Why is youth disability rising?”, a question of the utmost importance for policy design in Norway. To do so, we assemble an interdisciplinary team consisting of researchers from economics, psychology and educational science, and employ high quality administrative data covering health care, schools, higher education, labor markets, family links and social insurance, as well as surveys. We also put the Norwegian experience into a larger context by comparing Norway with other countries in a comparative research design for the Nordic countries. 
The project has six work packages, all building on extensive use of detailed, linkable, micro data: 
WP1: Decomposing the rise in youth disability 
WP2: Nordic comparison
WP3: Educational competition/The school system
WP4: The labor market
WP5: Medicalization
WP6: Poverty

What is driving the increasing youth disability insurance receipt in Norway?

Mens kvinner har gått inn i stadig flere utdanningsretninger og yrker, fortsetter menn i stor grad å gjøre kjønnstradisjonelle utdannings- og yrkesvalg. Andelen menn i kvinnedominerte utdanninger og yrker har endret seg veldig lite de siste tiårene. Forskning som er gjort på kjønnsdelte utdanningsvalg har i stor grad handlet om kvinners valg og bortvalg av mannsdominerte utdanninger, mens vi har mindre kunnskap om menns vurderinger av kvinnedominerte utdanninger og yrker. Forskningen har også i stor grad vært opptatt av å identifisere og dokumentere hvorfor kjønnssegregeringen vedvarer, heller enn å studere hvordan oppfatninger om kjønnstypiske yrker kan endre seg. 

Missing Men vil bidra med kunnskap om hvorfor menn flest velger bort kvinnedominerte yrker, og undersøke hvordan endring i oppfatninger om kjønnstypiske yrker kan skje. Tre overordnede forskningsspørsmål skal besvares: (1) på hvilken måte henger oppfatninger av kjønn og arbeid sammen, og hvordan kan dette påvirke utdanningsvalg? (2) Hvordan kan slike oppfatninger endre seg? (3) Hva er barrierene og mulighetene for menns inngang i kvinnedominerte utdanninger? 

For å besvare spørsmålene bruker vi en kombinasjon av individuelle dybdeintervju, survey-eksperiment og registerdata for hele populasjonen. Arbeidet er organisert i to arbeidspakker. I den første arbeidspakken undersøker vi unge jenter og gutters vurderinger av kvinnedominerte yrker, hvordan oppfatninger om arbeid og ferdigheter er koblet til kjønn, og hvordan dette henger sammen med de unges utdanningsplaner. Her vil vi bruke en kombinasjon av dybdeintervju og survey-eksperimenter. I den andre arbeidspakken vil vi bruke registerdata for å studere faktorer som kan bidra til kjønnsutradisjonelle utdanningsvalg for menn og kvinner, og intervjue menn på sykepleiestudiet og på grunnskolelærerstudiet om deres valg av utdanning.

While women have spread out into a continuously larger part of the educational system, men continue to make gender-traditional choices, and the presence of men in female-dominated educational fields remains persistently low. There is an acute lack of knowledge about men’s assessment of female-dominated professions and of the barriers and potentials for men’s entry into these educational and professional fields. The international state-of-the-art research on gendered educational choices has drawn heavily on insights from the social psychological literature. This research has focused mainly on identifying the stabilizing factors in the gender segregation, documenting the persisting effect of deeply-rooted and slow to change gender beliefs. This project will build on and expand this work to develop a theoretical framework tailored for grasping change in gendered beliefs, and thus how gender non-traditional choices come about. 

We will produce new and needed empirical knowledge on the barriers and potentials specific for men’s entry into female-dominated study fields. By combining a diversity of methods and levels of investigation, we aim to advance the literature within this emerging field of research. We will fill a lacuna of knowledge on how gender-typing of skills, work and qualities influence educational aspirations, making use of both qualitative interviews and factorial survey experiments. We will add to the few existing studies of gendered assessments in the Nordic context, and how assessments vary with background and context. We will expand the literature by identifying which aspects of female-typed work constitute barriers to men’s entry into female-typed careers. Furthermore, we will use population wide registry data to study what impacts non-traditional choices for men and women, and interview men in nursing studies and primary education teacher studies about their way into female-dominated study fields.

Missing Men: New conceptual understandings of gendered educational choices

Midlene fra GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen fordelt på år

Midlene fra GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen fordelt på fagområde

Langsiktig grunnleggende allmennmedisinsk forskning

Gave fra Allmennmedisinsk forskningsfond til grunnleggende og langsiktig forskning

It is now a well established fact that in order to mitigate unwanted environmental effects of CO2 emissions the capture and storage of CO2 is one method promising significant cuts. The continuing growth of world demand for fossil fuels, will only increase  the need for CO2 capture and storage technology. Capture technologies are in place, which can be applied to exhaust gases from both power generation plants and industry in general. Post-combustion scrubbing by use of amine solvents is one such technology ; other technologies are pre-combustion and oxyfuel. A large number of capture plants are needed world-wide, it is imperative that the cost and energy use in such plants are significantly reduced. Innovative solutions for utilizing existing process equipm ent, can lead to a reduction in energy consumption and simplify overall design of post-combustion capture plants. A negative aspect of CO2 capture technology is that amine reclaiming process gives a potentially large annual amount of hazardous waste which  will need treatment. We will build on existing competence and seek to improve performance of in particular post-combustion technology, thereby also improving our knowledge base and strengthen our industrial foundation as well as the scientific one. 

Thr ee main activities will be the focus:  
1.Monitoring of technology development within CO2 capture.
We will build our competence and also support the two other activities. It is an aim of this work to use the platform created to propose research projects t hat target a significant improvement of the technologies investigated.
2.Environmental impacts of CO2 capture technologies.
CO2 capture will play an important role in mitigating global environmental climate change, but the technologies to be used will or may give rise to more local environmental impacts that will need to be solved.
3.Simulation and optimization.
Mathematical modelling of both process and process equipment in CO2 capture technology.

Optimization and environmental improvement of CO2-capture processes

The usage of crystalline silicon in solar cells to convert sunlight directly into electricity is one of the fastest growing industries worldwide. A major challenge of all solar cell research is that electricity from solar cells currently is too expensive for being competitive. An essential issue is therefore the solar cell efficiency. Defects like impurities and dislocations that originate from the crystallization process strongly influence on the performance. A dislocation is a crystallographic defect, o r irregularity, within a crystal structure. While the effects of many impurities can be mitigated through processes used during the solar cell fabrication, the dislocations cause particular problems in multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, since the ener gy required for removing such defects is excessively high. Typically the dislocations exhibit an inhomogenous distribution in the material where zones with the highest dislocation density are often associated with a locally reduced efficiency. It is not c lear what causes these strong variations. Impurities in the form of dissolved atoms or particles are believed to play an important role. A reduced level of impurities can be achieved by controlling the convection in the melt. Advanced numerical modelling of these phenomena is addressed in the present project. Numerical work is accompanied by material characterization using a chemical process to map the dislocation structure and density in real silicon blocks made from directional casting. A challenge will  be to combine experimental data, fundamental theory and process simulations providing temperature and strain histories to build a model that can capture the key phenomena leading to the observed dislocation pattern. For IFE this project will strengthen t he competence in the field of silicon materials science in particular and in the field of computational materials science in general. Norwegian companies focusing on photovoltaics will benefit from this.

Modelling of Solar Grade Silicon Crystallization Processes

Although significant progress has been achieved in the development of models for particle-fluid flow and the understanding of physical phenomena on the single- particle level, it has not been fully utilized in the modeling and simulation of unit operation s. The ultimate goal would be a rigorous model of the whole system i.e. CFD with implemented models for mass and heat transfer and chemical reaction within the particle for the whole reactor. However such a model necessarily implies a high numerical compl exity and still somewhat restricted applicability. Therefore it is suggested to study the cross-effects on smaller systems and to develop a simpler model but based on well-understood underlying phenomena and well-founded parameters in the first stage. 

T ask A. Flow analysis - CFD for fluidized systems: Further develop 3D Lagrangian-Eulerian particle-fluid CFD code, investigate the influence of particle model parameters and force models on the flow regime, and investigate flow structure in the fluid-solid  systems under various operating conditions

Task B. Analysis of phenomena on particle scale - kinetics: Develop models for internal and external mass-and heat transfer as well as chemical reaction and particle shape dynamics, and implement single-particl e models, and perform parameter studies.

Task C. Analysis of cross effects - CFD flow with particle phenomena on small systems: Implement particle models in the Lagrangian-Eulerian particle-fluid CFD code, investigate particle functionality under various  flow conditions, and analyze and develop procedures identifying the driving mechanism and evaluating the governing parameters for a fluidized-bed model.

Task D. Analysis of fluidized bed unit performance: Review existing models/commercial software, util ize the understanding and apply the knowledge on fundamental phenomena, evelop/modify a fluidized-bed model based on simplified flow, mass and heat transfer and chemical reaction models, perform case study.

Multi-level modeling for design and optimization of fluidized bed processes - particle-fluid flow with chemical reaction

Mineral-leaching with CO2-acidified water represents an interesting alternative to conventional leaching techniques based on mineral acids. Previous research at IFE has shown the potential of using CO2 both as leachant and as chemical for downstream proce ssing to commercial products. In view of the international focus on carbon capture and storage, a CO2-based leaching process offers advantages with respect to new products and mitigation of waste problems in the mineral industry and possibility of CO2 sto rage as opposed to conventional processes. So far, research on CO2-based leaching has been mostly conducted in small autoclaves to study reaction kinetics for different mineral types. For commercial utilization of this technology, however, a continuous or  semi-continuous process will be required. The objective of this study is thus to develop a reactor concept for application in industrial processes. Design of a pressurized reactor system that allows for continuous operation and provides adequate reaction  conditions represents a significant challenge. A step-wise approach will be used to finalize the reactor design. The result of the project will be a small demonstration unit for CO2-based mineral leaching.

Development of a novel reactor system for mineral-leaching with CO2

A large part of the Norwegian physical infrastructure was constructed between 1950 and 1970 and is now on (or beyond) the expected service life. Several aspects make it necessary with an extensive focus on further development of rehabilitation techniques and methods. The inadequate funding of maintenance, increased performance requirements, international requirements, higher demands for reliability and safety and the expected increased load due to climatic change all contributes to a need for research and  innovative solutions for rehabilitation of the infrastructure.

This project will be an important step towards new methods and approaches allowing for better use of scarce funding or rehabilitation of infrastructure. The project will also be an important  element in the continuous development of more accurate criteria and Codes of Practice regarding the design, rehabilitation and functionality of critical elements in the infrastructure. The project will contribute to increased status for working with reha bilitation of infrastructure and hence lead to improved recruitment of qualified students and future researchers within this area.

Future Rehabilitation Strategies for Physical Infrastructure

The Norwegian society is placing increasing demands on infrastructure, including transportation and harbor facilities.  Existing facilities are becoming more critical as full capacity is being reached. If problems or disturbances to normal operation or in terruption of service arise, the overall consequences for society are increasingly onerous and costly. New construction is underway to help meet these demands. However, the existing infrastructure in Norway is also aging, requiring increasing resources to  manage, operate and maintain it.  Prolonging the life of the infrastructure saves valuable resources, but the measures taken to ensure longer life must also ensure safety for people and material value.

The instrumentation industry has had a rapid techno logy development in the past years, and the 'bits and pieces' of this available technology is now mature for the next phase of research:  the integration of the available technology in system solutions appropriate for our civil and environmental infrastru cture projects.  This research will encompass both the direct application of technology, as well as the methodology and strategy needed to fully realize the benefits the technology implementation can offer. 

The focus of the project will include work on systems and solutions implementing both direct measurements as well as remote monitoring, and will emphasize research leading to immediate and important benefits for society such as early warning of potential hazards.   The research results will provide t echnology and expertise for the target end-users, including governmental agencies and public authorities (e.g. Norwegian Road Authority, Police and fire departments), contractors and construction companies, private industry as well as private individuals.

Measurement and monitoring for safety of infrastructure, environmental protection and reduction of society risk

With accelerating demands and increasing complexity of new, high value products there is a growing number of applications and requirements where the limitations of conventional manufacturing technology will hamper innovation and development. In response t o this, a new concept of manufacturing based on the successive addition of material (Additive Manufacturing Technology, AMT) has been developing since the last decades of the twentieth century. It is today possible to integrate AMT with conventional manuf acturing processes to create hybrid manufacturing processes. Hybrid manufacturing based on AMT has the potential to combine the design flexibility of AMT with the precision and productivity of conventional manufacturing and thereby create shapes that woul d be extremely difficult to produce through other methods.

SINTEF and NTNU have decided to initiate a joint effort on AMT. Establishment of a Geminisenter with a state-of-the-art AMT laboratory is planned for 2008. This will create a unique research comm unity. AMT will then be available for students and Norwegian industry. This is important for preparing students and Norwegian industry for the manufacturing technology of the future. SIP DIMOF together with CRI NORMAN will use the laboratory to introduce AMT and hybrid manufacturing for improvement of industrial processes and products. A next generation AMT system will be developed through MPP. This will make the research community in Trondheim a national, and possibly even a Nordic, center for AMT resear ch on both a fundamental and an industrial level.

Direct Metal Object Fabrication - A New Concept for the High Performance Manufacturing of Complex and Customized Parts

Today, the term climate adapted buildings and building structures is the common designation given to structures which are planned, designed and performed to withstand various types of external climatic impact - including precipitation, snow deposition, wi nd, temperature and exposure to the sun. The term may also be widened to include a more proactive role of the building envelope, i.e. envelopes that are able to maintain an optimum indoor environment with a minimum of resource use (energy, materials, and labour) during the building's lifetime. Very little research has been attributed to the exploration of how to design envelopes that meet the increasing demands of minimum resource use in combination with varied and harsh climatic exposure.

The project's principal objectives are to develop more energy-efficient building envelope assemblies and new methods for the design of building envelopes in harsh climates, resulting in more accurate and geographically dependent design guidelines. The strategic project  will be organised as part of the Birkeland Centre for Sustainable Building at SINTEF Building and Infrastructure.

CAB - Climate Adapted Buildings

The research program is divided in four themes: A) Avalanche warning, B) Protection structures, C) Avalanche hazard zoning and D) Dissemination of snow avalanche information. The themes will continue over the three-year period. Each theme is subdivided in  a number of work packages.

A) Avalanche warning
There is an increased demand for avalanche warning with higher resolution in time and space. Exposed inhabited areas need avalanche forecasting to prevent loss of lives. Communication corridors must be kep t open as much as possible to prevent loss of profit. To meet the increased demand, NGI must improve its ability to collect and summarize relevant data. The field component of all seven work packages will be centered around the research station Fonnbu in Grasdalen, Stryn.

B) Protection structures
There is an increasing need in society to use protection structures to keep people and infrastructure safe. New and improved tools to analyze, dimension and implement protection structures are needed. These tool s must be developed based on a sound theoretical understanding of the physics in the avalanche. To arrive at new tools and design criteria, four work packages are proposed. The results from the research on snow avalanches can also be used for other slide types.

C) Avalanche hazard zoning
The number of requests for avalanche hazard zoning evaluations has increased over recent years, and this trend is expected to continue. To deliver products that meet the needs of the society, the six work packages aim at  further developing existing methods and ensuring that the same procedures are followed by everyone having a responsibility in this area.

D) Dissemination of snow avalanche information
NGI is the national competence centre for snow avalanche research in Norway, and is responsible for disseminating snow and snow avalanche information. The four work packages within the theme aim at making this information readily available to all users, mostly through web interfaces.

Snow avalanche research

The objective of the proposed research project is to meet the need for more advanced methods for prediction of hydrodynamic forces on ships and offshore structures, and to provide the foundation for the next generations of computational tools for hydrodyn amic analysis. An important goal is also recruitment and training of a new generation of experts in the field of numerical hydrodynamics. 
These goals will be achieved by developing:
-	a 3D BEM-based surface discretization code for multiple bodies includi ng forward speed, current and hydroelastic effects
-	a 3D  FEM-based volume discretization code for potential flow and prepared for viscous flow
-	a 3D FEM/BEM domain decomposition code for potential flow and prepared for viscous flow
Major R&D challenges  will be to handle nonlinear free surface conditions, body boundary conditions for complex geometry including structural deformations, open boundaries, wave-current interaction, to avoid numerical instabilities and reduce computational requirements. 
The simplest version of the code will be a 3D linear frequency-domain code that may become an industry standard tool. The next levels are time-domain BEM code and time-domain FEM/BEM code. These will be used for studying complex problems and special design sc enarios of limited duration, and for verification of simpler methods. The more advanced versions of the code will also serve as basis for further developments towards a code that include viscous, nonlinear and shallow water effects.

Theoretical and numerical hydrodynamics- Next generation of computational tools for hydroelastic analysis of ships and offshore structures

Norway has a unique situation with large resources of minerals and ores, and the mineral industry is in growth. Refinement of mineral products, development of new products and reduction of waste are important objectives in a market situation with high int ernational competition and increasing consciousness on environmental issues. A process for reacting carbonic acid with olivine to form magnesite and silica has been experimentally tested at Institute for Energy Technology. The reaction products are of com mercial interest. As a follow-up, similar experimental tests will now be done on a large number of mineral resources. In particular, titanium and aluminium are interesting commercial targets, where carbonic acid can be included as one or more steps in an industrial process. A screening of a large number of mineral resources will be carried out. On basis of this screening, the most promising mineral processes will be selected for further development. This will involve optimalisation of experimental conditi ons. The minimum number of process steps and how to combine them will be addressed. Reaction rates and quality of products are key issues. In order to obtain high quality products, good understanding and control on redox reactions is necessary. Evaluation  of possible processes will consider preliminary process design, techno-economical and environmental issues as well as the market situation.

Norwegian value chain based on carbonic acid and mineral resources

The main focus of the present study is to advance the understanding of the mechanism of gas-solids flow systems through experimental study and modelling. Electrostatic charging of particulates during pneumatic transport will also be studied. This will pro duce generic knowledge of two-phase flow systems, which may be usable in other fields of process technology.
The application consists of two sub-projects, each dealing with a specific problem as described below.

*	Scaling up of pneumatic transport system s: This study will focus on further development of scaling up technique based on laboratory scale tests and CFD modelling. The project will study the pressure drop at the bends and the variation of pressure drop coefficients in case of vertical transport for various size distributions of the same bulk material. It is planned to use both experimental and modelling techniques for prediction of pressure drop. 

*	Electrostatic charging of powder during transport:  The objective of this study will be to enhan ce our understanding of the phenomenon of electrostatic charging of particulate materials under 300µm. Industries often complain that they are plagued by the problem of electrostatic charging and that often such charging can lead to dangerous dust explosi ons during pneumatic conveying of materials into a silo. Better understanding of the electrostatic charging phenomenon will help us in taking suitable measures for avoiding such dangerous situations.

Experimental and Simulation Studies of Gas-Particle Flow Systems

The need to understand water transport and other humidity related behaviour of concrete arises from many practical reasons. In floor constructions, the necessary drying time before surface coating is of vital importance in preventing deterioration and loo sening of coatings. High humidity may give rise to health problems as well as aesthetic and durability problems during the service life of the structure. 

In controlling and estimating the existing humidity in concrete, reliable and easy-to-use measureme nt methods are essential. However, practical experiences have shown that reliable humidity measurements in concrete are very difficult to perform, especially at the construction site. Further, existing guidelines regarding necessary drying time before sur face coating are old, and not valid for modern floor constructions. Similarly, modern Swedish software for predicting drying times is not applicable on Norwegian concrete constructions.

In this situation, the strategic institute program will focus on the  following work packages (WP):
1) WP1 shall sum up national and international experiences from earlier moisture measurements projects. 
2) WP2 shall measure moisture transport and drying times for a number of modern Norwegian concrete floor constructions.  In addition, WP2 shall document the reliability of various measurement techniques.
3) Based on the measurements in WP2, WP3 shall prepare tools for predicting drying times and moisture transport in concrete constructions. 
4) WP4 shall evaluate test meth ods for alkali-sensitive floor coatings, and prepare basic data for new guidelines concerning maximum moisture content in the concrete before surface coating.

The program will be carried out at SINTEF Byggforsk AS in close co-operation with the Norwegian  University of Science and Technology, NTNU.

Moisture in concrete - transport forms, measurement methods and economic and environmental significance

The research effort will be focusing on the following areas:

* Develop realistic and accurate numerical methods and models for predicting the motions and loads on marine vehicles in extreme wave conditions as well as in shallow and restricted waters with  waves and current. Speeds range from zero to very high. 

* Improve the integration between model testing and numerical tools, and methods for model testing and analysis of experimental results, to identify and quantify non-linear and transient effects. Implement in real-time simulators.

* Develop new nonlinear model-based control systems, using knowledge from nonlinear hydrodynamic and propulsion models to increase control system performance in extreme conditions. An overall goal is a common control sy stem in laboratories, numerical tools, simulators and full-scale.

This development will be supported by:

* Development and improvement of non-linear hydrodynamic methods in order to establish solutions to problems related to operation in extreme conditi ons. One will focus mainly on practical oriented tools for engineering use, based on improved numerical tools combined with experiments and empirical knowledge.

* Assessment and application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods to marine technolo gy problems, particularly motions in waves, ship manoeuvring and underwater vehicles. 

* Development of simulator models for high speed vessels and underwater vehicles.

Improved methods for prediction and control of the behaviour of marine vehicles in extreme conditions

The project's main objective is to provide cost-effective and sustainable geo-solutions to the building and construction sector (BAE) in Norway while advancing the state-of-the-art within ground-borne vibration, underground construction and environmental remediation. Sub-goals include developing expertise on:

Ground-borne vibration: the research focuses on understanding the mechanisms and developing models for the propagation and influence of frequency vibrations and low frequency noise, developing and d ocumenting sustainable mitigation measures for vibration due to transportation and construction work, and preparing guidelines for geo-sustainable urban development. 

Underground construction: the research focuses on developing methods for the design of tunnels and underground storage solutions, developing and interpreting methods to instrument and monitor underground constructions, developing methods to analyse tunnels and caverns and making recommendations for optimum and environmentally sound solution s.

Environmental remediation: the research concentrates on developing solutions for managing waste in the ground and predicting contamination loads on the environment, developing mitigation measures for preserving freshwater in Norway and abroad, develop ing innovative remediation methods and preparing guidelines for optimum solutions to geo-environmental problems.

For all three themes, the analytical work will be verified with case studies from the industry.

Geo-Sustainable Urban Development

Layer Manufacturing Technologies (LMT) is an emerging research area that are based upon building an object by adding materials instead of the conventional methods of removing material from a workpiece or forcing a workpiece into another form through the u se of pressure and temperature. 

LMT enable completely new products to be produced both with respect to geometrically freedom and material mixtures. Also, such technologies make one-of-a-kind-production and small series cost-effective to produce due to t he independence between unit cost and size of production series. Thus, such technologies may meet the increasing demand of products with complex geometries, special and gradient material characteristics as well as customization within the fields of medici ne, consumer goods, automotive, space, electronics, moulding and more.

Unfortunately, no existing LMT technology covers the need for fully functional metal and ceramic objects (beyond the prototyping level). The Metal Printing Process developed by SINTEF  has the potential to be the first Layer Manufacturing Technology that covers this need. 

In the ongoing MPP SIP (proof of concept), the research team has succeeded (despite 20 % cut in the proposed funding) to reach most of the sub-goals on the path to a fully functional MPP-machine. However, several research challenges are yet to be accomplished – the most important ones are the layer-by-layer sintering unit, the optimization of powder transfer functionality and software development (object slicing and  PC communication). These challenges are to be solved before any commercial or industrial value is released.

Three PhD candidates were included in the ongoing MPP SIP. Due to late employment and pregnancy two of the candidates will join phase 2 of the MP P project. The budget for all three candidates lies within phase 1. The PhD studies will be conducted at the NTNU departments Production and Quality Engineering, and Theoretical Physics.

Development of the Metal Printing Process as a method for producing functional metal and ceramic objects on demand - phase 2

The principal objective is to examine barriers and possibilities for increased innovation in industry. The focus is on integrated innovation, and based on the following postulate as a main point of departure: A better integration of actors with different expertise, skills, interests and geographical/political/administrative positions can strengthen innovation.  Important research questions are: How may increased integration promote the exploration of new business opportunities, new products, services, eff ective work processes, better production technology, better organisations, HSE, better learning processes, more effective supply chains, open supplier – customer relations and the conquest of new international markets? How may SME’s increase their coopera tion with R&D institutes and vice versa? How may enterprises better utilize the business environment at different levels; enterprise, network, value chain and regional partnership? How may international benchmarking of networks and partnerships be used to  identify new opportunities? The principal objective of the SIP will be realised through the following actions:
• Analyses of empirical data and results from several research projects at RF from the following programs: TEFT, MOBI, SkatteFUNN, PULS, MAROFF , PETROMAX, IRC/EU, ED 2000 and especially Value Creation 2010 (VC 2010). Additionally relevant international/Nordic results, like NEX, will be analysed.
• Create new knowledge about different approaches to innovation and learning in co-operation with RF’ s national, international/Nordic partners, networks and regional partnerships that we cooperative with, especially in VC 2010. 
• Make this knowledge applicable and accessible locally, regionally, nationally and internationally through the above mentioned  and other forthcoming programs like “Forskningsbasert Kompetansemegling” (research based competence mediation). Main ways of knowledge diffusion from the SIP will be presentations, papers and articles.

Integrated Innovation

The main issue in this project is to develop methodology for better market focus on process control and therby improved operation.

Optimal operation of processing plants is a challenging area where new dynamic markets for gas components lead to a need fo r stronger analytical capabilities of decision support tools. Also the supply situation becomes more variable, as the gas companies responds to market opportunities. This leads to a situation where processing plants should be reconfigured more often as a consequence of changing environment. The is a need for better understanding of  how to make plantwide plans and implement these through process management. Typically such decision support tools should combine both optimization and simulation capabilities.  This is an area where little research has been done, and we wish to focus on developing new methodology for combining simulation and optimization.

The starting point in this project is the need for decision support as seen from the personnel in a plant operating company. This defines a set of tasks that requires optimization calculations, process calculations and measurement data handling. 
The personnel in question can be plant operators, production planners, sales personnel, maintenance planners, proc ess engineers, managements, etc. 

This requires contribution and integration of several technical disciplines:
•Control engineering – process control, control structuring, model interfacing
•Industrial Economy -	Description of economic mechanisms and env ironment, planning and scheduling
•Process engineering – Process knowledge, models, process design
•Applied mathematics –Optimization methods, efficient numerical methods, basic supplier to the above disciplines
•System integration – Framework/interface s tandards for system components  

The Gas technology Centre at NTNU/SINTEF has resources within each of the required disciplines and one challenge is to integrate knowledge and tools.

GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen

Gave fra Allmennmedisinsk forskningsfond til grunnleggende og langsiktig forskning

Awarded: NOK 0.74 mill.

Summary

Funding scheme:

GAVEFORST-Gaveforsterkningsordningen

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics