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Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

HESTEFORSK - Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

The project aims to develop a high-fidelity MVP of robotic furniture designed to optimize urban living spaces and enhance life quality. This initiative merges advanced robotics and AI with practical design to address space efficiency in densely populated areas.

Key R&D challenges include integrating robotics and AI to create adaptable furniture systems, ensuring safety through rigorous testing and third-party certifications, and applying real-world feedback to refine functionality. The project involves significant technical and regulatory hurdles in engineering consumer-friendly, safe, and responsive furniture.

Starting December 2024, a three-month pilot phase with selected Norwegian businesses will test the product's real-world application and collect operational data. Feedback from end-users will be gathered through qualitative interviews, informing iterative improvements to enhance design and functionality.

This project leverages existing scientific, technical, and business knowledge in innovative ways, aiming to develop a unique product that sets new industry standards. It is characterized as experimental development, pushing technological boundaries in furniture design.

By February 2025, feedback and pilot data will be used to finalize a market-ready product, ensuring it meets user needs for functionality and aesthetics. This initiative represents a pioneering effort to transform urban living, combining experimental development with practical application to create sustainable and adaptable living solutions.

Development of high-fidelity MVP of AI driven robotic furniture to be piloted in realistic environment with pilot clients.

Tenk på universet som en enorm ballong som alltid utvider seg. Jo lenger unna et punkt er på ballongen, jo raskere beveger det seg bort fra deg. Dette ligner på hvordan universet utvider seg, jo lenger unna en galakse er, jo raskere beveger den seg bort fra oss på jorden.

I mange år trodde forskerne at universets ekspansjon ble bremset. Begrunnelsen deres var at gravitasjonskraften fra all materie i universet virket mot denne utvidelsen. Imidlertid gjorde kosmologer i 1998 en overraskende oppdagelse gjennom studiet av fjerne supernovaer: utvidelsen av universet akselererer faktisk!

Dette betyr at avstanden mellom galaksene blir større og større i stadig økende hastighet. Det er som om ballongen blåses opp raskere og raskere.

Forskere vet ikke nøyaktig hva som får universet til å akselerere. De kaller den ukjente kraften som får dette til å skje "mørk energi". Mørk energi er overalt i universet, men den mørke energien vekselvirker ikke med materie i de formene som vi kan observere direkte.

NEVO-prosjektet er et nytt forsøk på å forstå egenskapene til mørk energi. NEVO vil bruke kraftige datamaskiner for å simulere universet og studere effekten av kandidater til den mørke energien på en måte som aldri har vært gjort før. Ved å studere disse simuleringene og utnytte høypresisjons-observasjonene fra Euclid-teleskopet som nylig er skutt opp i rommet, vil kosmologene være i stand til å bedre betydelig vår forståelse av den mørke energiens gåtefulle natur.

The Universe has entered an accelerating expansion phase in the last few billion years of its evolution, a phenomenon that is caused by the mysterious entity known as dark energy. Through the NEVO proposal, I aim to provide key insights about the properties of dark energy, which includes its time evolution and spatial distribution in the Universe. This objective will be achieved by utilizing cutting-edge cosmological N-body simulations and novel techniques to study cosmic EVOlution accurately.

A comprehensive understanding of the nature of dark energy requires a thorough investigation of viable candidates and their impact on different stages of the Universe. However, the consistent and accurate modeling of dark energy candidates has been largely neglected so far. To address this gap, I propose the development of a novel, integrated framework that utilizes state-of-the-art relativistic N-body simulations along with the hi_class code, to accurately model dark energy candidates in both linear and non-linear scales.

NEVO: illuminating the dark cosmos

Global natur- og miljøforvaltning er en av vår tids mest sentralt og vanskellige mål. Mange av utfordringene skyldes motsetningene mellom vår fragmenterte politiske verden og økosystemer som ikke forholder seg til landegrenser eller politiske skillelinjer.
Ulike biologiske samfunn (biomer) som ligger i én stat, kan ikke løsrives fra et større økosystem. Derfor er flere «lokale» naturområder blitt del av den globale miljøforvaltningen.
Prosjektet RESOLVING skal se på politiske løsninger for en naturforvaltning som både er:
(i) lokal: som del av en stats territorium og hjem til ulike befolkningsgrupper
(ii) global: som kritiske deler av planetens økosystem
Hva betyr denne forvaltningen på flere nivåer for staters suverenitet?
Vi vet allerede mye om utfordringene nasjonalt oppdelt myndighet utgjør for effektiv forvaltning av jordens økosystemer. Vi vet derimot langt mindre om hvordan forsøkene på å styre jordens komplekse og grenseløse økosystemer faktisk kan endre selve systemet som forsinker den globale forvaltningen: statlig suverenitet.
RESOLVING vil prøve å forstå denne dynamikken ved å undersøke gruppene som faktisk utøver internasjonal naturforvaltning på vegne av eller parallelt med statene. Prosjektet vil her se nærmere på styringen av to områder som er viktige for hele verden: Amazonas-regnskogen og Guineabukta.
RESOLVING undersøker hvordan tiltak for å ta vare på disse områdene – laget på både internasjonalt, nasjonalt og lokalt nivå – fungerer sammen. Hvilke aktører får mer makt? Hvem blir inkludert i beslutningsprosessene og hvem blir utelatt?

The RESOLVING project asks: How does global governance of nature transform the exercise of sovereign power? Scientific evidence of the environment as a complex system of planetary dimensions has elevated several natural resources as objects of global governance. Primary forests and maritime biomes particularly capture global attention because of their systemic relevance for our planetary ecosystem. Still, international politics operates within a framework locating authority over nature indivisibly into territorially discrete and independent states. This project investigates the implications for sovereignty stemming from the construction of nature as a global governance object. We build on existing conceptualizations of sovereignty as a combination of de jure sovereign authority and bundles of de facto sovereign competence. In the case of nature, while permanent sovereignty over natural resources is an immutable property of state authority, a wider range of actors can be involved in defining the ways in which these resources are governed or even in governing them. RESOLVING will focus on two parcels of local nature especially entangled in global governance: the Amazon rainforest and the Gulf of Guinea. The project will investigate how networks of actors work across levels of governance to produce sovereign competence and exert sovereign power over nature in these regions. Sovereign power is the capacity to achieve de facto sovereign competence, here identified as the capacity to define and implement the rules of human–nature interaction. We look at multilevel governance from three angles: the global, the state, and the local. The comparative analysis of those networks across levels, regions, and regimes complexes will allow for identifying the mechanisms driving the rebundling of sovereign power with or away from the state, and a better understanding of the consequences of that process.

Rebundling sovereignty over local nature in global governance

Tørkeperioder kan gjøre bakken hardere og frastøte seg vann, dette fører til økt fare for flom og jorderosjon hvis det skulle komme styrtregn. Sammenfallende hendelser hvor en tørkeperiode ender i styrtregn kan derfor forårsake større skader på infrastruktur og avlinger enn enkelthendelser med kun tørke eller styrtregn. Global oppvarming har forårsaket at både tørkeperioder og styrtregn intensiveres og skjer oftere, som også kan føre til at sammenfallende hendelser med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn også kan intensiveres og skje oftere. 
Selv om det er funnet en økning i tørkeperioder og ekstremnedbør med global oppvarming også i klimamodellene, er det også en stor spredning mellom modellene på hvor mye og i hvilke områder som opplever mer tørke og nedbør. Prosjektet vil undersøke faktiske historiske hendelser hvor tørkeperioder endte i styrtregn i værobservasjoner og værmodelldata for å finne passende indekser som kan brukes til å analysere hvordan de forekommer i klimamodellene. Modeller på finere skala gjør en bedre jobb med å modellere nedbør, prosjektet vil derfor bruke finskala høytoppløselige klimamodeller og globale klimamodeller for å se hvordan tørkeperioder avsluttet med styrtregn forekommer i disse. De modellene som gjør det godt opp mot observasjoner vil bli identifisert.  Videre vil prosjektet studere endringene i hyppighet og intensitet av sammenfallende hendelser med tørke og styrtregn med global oppvarming.
En av grunnene man vet til hvorfor det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til hvordan klimamodellene gjenskaper nedbørsmønstre er hvordan fordamping varierer over skog- og andre arealer. I prosjektet vil vi se på effekten av avskoging og økt skogbruk i globale modeller, og gjøre egne beregninger over mindre areal på finskala for å for å se hvordan fordamping blir påvirket. Resultatene av prosjektet er viktig får å unngå eller minimere skadene slike sammenfallende med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn kan forårsake.

Global warming intensifies drought and extreme precipitation. Compound events with droughts ending in intensified precipitation - DRIP can cause large damages but are extremely understudied. This project aims to estimate the change in frequency and intensity of DRIP events with global warming due to changes in the water-cycle. We will identify actual historical compound DRIP events and find indices that are suitable to identify these events in model data. As global climate models show a large spread in precipitation for both historical and the different future climate projections, there is expected to be a spread in model projections of DRIP events as well. We will constrain this spread by identifying global climate models that do a good statistical representation of historical DRIP events and by analyzing large ensembles to evaluate the natural variability. As higher resolution modelling shows a better representation of the water cycle, the project will analyze regional downscaled global models in identified regions of interest.  We will also perform in-house regional simulations of identified global models down to convection permitting scale to study the change in DRIP events with model resolution. The project will also target a highlighted uncertainty connected to the water-cycle by exploring how evapotranspiration and the occurrence of DRIP events found in climate models respond to land use change. For this analysis we will extend the regional downscaling to include sensitivity studies which contain deforestation and forestation. Results gained from DRIP will make a large contribution to the knowledge needed on future mitigation measures due to the increase in compound events.

DRIP - DRought ending in Intensified Precipitation

Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

En av de vanligste, men minst studerte, utfordringene med å bli eldre er problemer med å kommunisere. Mange eldre sliter spesielt med pragmatiske ferdigheter, som å forstå undertekst, eller tilpasse det de sier til personen de snakker med. 

La oss si at en lege må gi en alvorlig beskjed til en pasient. For å gjøre det litt lettere å takle, bruker legen vagere språk, som "kanskje" i stedet for "sannsynligvis". Mens yngre voksne ofte tar hensyn til høflighetsstrategier i måten de tolker det som blir sagt på, har eldre ofte vanskelig for å forstå når noen snakker indirekte. Mange eldre voksne har vanskelig for å forstå ikke-bokstavelig språk og kan misforstå alvorlighetsgraden av diagnosen. Dette kan påvirke beslutningen deres om behandling, noe som kan føre til utilsiktede konsekvenser. 

Siden god kommunikasjon er viktig både i viktige medisinske samtaler og i hverdagen, er det viktig at vi finner ut hva som gjør at eldre kan ha vansker med å forstå og bli forstått. RESILIENCE skal hjelpe til med denne utfordringen ved å samle data om praktiske, kognitive og språklige ferdigheter hos voksne i alderen 18-90 år over tid. Dette vil gi oss en stor mengde data om pragmatiske, kognitive og språk ferdigheter og gjøre det tilgjengelig for forskning. Med denne dataen som grunnlag har vi følgende mål: 

• Forstå hvordan praktiske evner endrer seg generelt gjennom voksenlivet. 
• Finne ut hvilke mekanismer som påvirker pragmatiske evner på forskjellige tidspunkter i livet.
 • Utvikle en teoretisk modell som forklarer hvordan pragmatiske ferdigheter endrer seg med alderen.
 • Lage algoritmer som kan forutsi hvordan pragmatiske evner vil utvikle seg for enkeltpersoner i årene som kommer. 
• Utvikle og teste et verktøy som kan måle pragmatisk helse (både pragmatiske ferdigheter og deres underliggende mekanismer), noe som kan åpne  for å iverksette tiltak. 

Dette vil gi oss muligheten til å forstå bedre hvordan folk kan utvikle pragmatisk resiliens gjennom livsløpet.

A cornerstone of human communication is our reliance on pragmatic skills to guide linguistic interactions (e.g., reasoning about others' mental states to bridge the gap between what is said and intended in conversation). However these skills are highly sensitive to age-related decline, leading to miscommunication and uninformed decision making in the older adult population. This raises an important question, one which has puzzled linguistics and psychologists for decades: if pragmatic competence is fundamental to communication, why do individuals vary so much in this capacity? 

Traditionally, psychologists have approached pragmatic competence from a cognitive angle, reasoning that individual differences in executive functions (i.e., the cognitive skills associated with goal-directed actions) are what underlie effective pragmatic behavior. In a similar vein, language scientists have taken a linguistic approach, reasoning that one’s language background (e.g., the frequency with which individuals shift between languages) shapes pragmatic skills by enhancing sensitivity to the communicative context. This focus on either cognitive or linguistic influences has resulted in two expansive yet disparate areas of research.

RESILIENCE will unite these disciplines to pursue a longstanding debate on what underlies pragmatic resilience and decline using a large-scale, interdisciplinary and longitudinal approach. By gathering data on adults' (ages 18-90) pragmatic, cognitive and language skills over multiple time points, we will develop a comprehensive theoretical model that explains how cognitive and linguistic systems interact to shape pragmatic competence as we age, and create algorithms that predict the trajectory of an individual’s pragmatic abilities in upcoming years. Based on these results we will design a multidimensional tool that detects the earliest signs of pragmatic deficits, leading to future interventions, allowing us to uncover the paths to pragmatic resilience.

Uncovering the paths to pragmatic resilience

Sink er et essensielt mikronæringsstoff som kreves for funksjonen til hundrevis av proteiner involvert i et bredt spekter av biologiske prosesser. Etter inntak av sink fra kosten reguleres nivåene i kroppen nøye gjennom absorpsjon, sekresjon og ekskresjon via spesialiserte proteiner, såkalte sinktransportører, i tarmen. Enhver ubalanse er skadelig for menneskers helse, spesielt er tarmen følsom for sinkfluktuasjoner, hvilket påvirker tarmbarrieren og kan føre til inflammatoriske sykdommer og kreft i tarmen. 
På molekylært nivå er de presise mekanismene som styrer funksjonen til de ulike sinktransportørene fortsatt uklare. Hos mennesker finnes det over tjue slike proteiner, og de fleste inneholder områder rike på aminosyren histidin. Disse histidinene mistenkes å spille en avgjørende rolle i å binde sink. Nylig oppdaget vi et enzym som modifiserer disse områdene ved å sette metylgrupper på histidin, og viste at metylerte histidiner har en lavere affinitet for sink. Dette prosjektet har som mål å identifisere nye mekanismer som regulerer sinknivåer gjennom histidinmetylering av sinktransportører, å utvikle forskningsverktøy for effektiv studie av histidinmetylering, og å legge grunnlaget for nye behandlinger av tarmsykdommer.

The delicate balance of zinc levels in the body is essential for human health. Zinc is absorbed and excreted via intestinal zinc transporter proteins, and perturbations of this process are associated with pathologies, including inflammatory diseases and cancers of the bowel. The precise molecular mechanisms regulating zinc transport, however, remain a major knowledge gap. Based on the recent discovery of an enzyme methylating histidine residues in zinc transporters, and drawing on preliminary findings which demonstrate reduced affinity of methylated histidines to zinc, this project aims to identify novel mechanisms regulating zinc homeostasis through histidine methylation. We will examine the regulation and effect of histidine methylation on zinc transport in intestinal cell culture and organoids, and examine how knockout of the methylhistidine-generating enzyme affects the integrity and pathology of the intestinal tract in mouse models. In addition, we will identify reader proteins specifically recognizing methylhistidines and develop anti-methylhistidine antibodies and inhibitors to use as tools for detection, enrichment, and inhibition of histidine methylation. Such tools are urgently needed by the international research community, as none are currently available commercially. Overall, this project will lead to great advances in the field of protein regulation, and may uncover novel mechanisms in intestinal zinc transport and pathology.

Zinc transport regulation through histidine methylation

Noen av oss tåler stressende livshendelser godt. Andre derimot utvikler vedvarende fysiske og psykiske plager som følger av stress. Hvor godt vi håndterer stress avhenger av et komplekst samspill mellom miljøfaktorer, sosiale forhold, biologisk sårbarhet og indre motstandskraft. Forskning på stressreaksjonene til dyr og pasientgrupper som til vanlig lever under mye stress viser at en gruppe signalstoffer i kroppen som aktiverer det samme hjernesystemet som cannabis – endocannabinoidene – kan begrense styrken på stressreaksjoner og bidra til at man raskere kommer seg til hektene. I dette prosjektet skal vi undersøke hvordan mestring av stress på kort og lang sikt henger sammen med nivåer av endocannabinoider i kroppen for å forstå hvorfor noen personer er mer motstandsdyktige mot stress enn andre. I den ene studien følger vi pasienter som skal gjennomgå en stressende, men veldig vanlig, situasjon: kirurgi. Her måler vi pasientenes opplevelse av stress, samt mentale og fysiske helse, fra tiden før til to år etter operasjonen og undersøker hvordan dette henger sammen med nivåene deres av endocannabinoider og andre stresshormoner. I den andre studien bruker vi data fra et eksperiment hvor deltakerne har blitt utsatt for psykososialt stress til å undersøke om endocannabinoidnivået deres påvirker hvordan de reagerer på stress, og om stresset i seg selv kan påvirke kroppens produksjon av endocannabinoider. Til syvende og sist er målet med studien å vurdere hvorvidt målinger av endocannabinoidnivåer kan brukes til å forebygge helseplager og til å evaluere behovet for økt oppfølging etter alvorlig stressende påkjenninger i livet.

In the face of major life stressors, some individuals cope well whereas others develop ill health and long-term adverse outcomes. Predicting who needs additional support in response to major life stressors is essential for targeted prevention and more efficient allocation of resources. The endocannabinoid system is emerging as a promising target for understanding vulnerability and resilience to stress. This system appears to buffer stress in two ways: by limiting the magnitude of the stress response, and by facilitating recovery after a stressful event. While the early findings are intriguing, they mainly stem from studies in rodents and small clinical groups with high stress burden. What role endocannabinoids have more globally for human resilience, health and well-being remains elusive. 

In this project we address this gap by leveraging comprehensive experimental and clinical data on two potent stress models: psychosocial stress and surgery. Drawing on these unique datasets, which combine experimental control with ecological validity, we will decipher how endocannabinoid levels influence people’s stress response and recovery across minutes, days, weeks and years. The project represents a novel directional shift for endocannabinoid research and will (i) determine the value of endocannabinoid levels as a biomarker to predict outcomes after surgery, (ii) quantify sex differences, (iii) assess endocannabinoid interplay with opioid analgesics, sex hormones and other stress markers (iv) spearhead open and reproducible science practices in endocannabinoid research, and (v) make this fine-grained and novel data available through an interactive web application. 

This project represents an ambitious effort to understand endocannabinoids’ role in stress resilience and will determine the value of endocannabinoids as a predictive biomarker and potential target for individualized treatment.

Deciphering endocannabinoid stress buffering in humans: 
Mechanistic and clinical investigations

Ny forskning fra Europa og USA peker på at bedrifter bidrar til økende lønnsforskjeller– selv innenfor smalt definerte jobber eller industrier, som økonomifag eller treforedling. Til tross for stor interesse og økende tilgjengelighet av administrative data, vet vi overraskende lite om hvordan– og hvorfor bedriftene påvirker lønnsulikhet. Det viktigste hinderet har vært at variasjon i foretaks lønns- og personalpraksis (heretter kalt HR) har vist seg vanskelig å måle for et representativt utvalg av bedrifter.

I dette prosjektet løser vi måleproblemet ved å utvikle en ny forskningsinfrastruktur. Vår datainnsamlingsmetode muliggjør måling av HR og personalpolitikk på bedriftsnivå og kobling til inntekts- og arbeidertakerforhold. 

Denne kombinasjonen tilrettelegger for ny kunnskap om bedrifters interne arbeidsmarkeder og betydningen av HR og personalpolitikk for lønnsulikhet i arbeidsmarkedet.  

Vi starter med å utforske hva HR gjør i det eksterne arbeidsmarkedet. Her vil vi prøve å forstå hvordan bruk av rekrutteringsmetode avhenger av arbeideres utdanningsnivå, f.eks. master eller grunnskole, om man ansetter fra andre arbeidsgivere eller fra arbeidsledighet, og hvordan dette virker på ulikhet. I prosjektets hoveddel vil vi undersøke hvordan bedrifter organiserer sine interne arbeidsmarkeder, som for eksempel innebærer hvordan ulike jobber er rangert i et jobbhierarki, teams, hvordan ansatte navigerer karrieremuligheter i bedriften, oppnår forfremmelse og lønnsvekst, og hvordan ansatte verdsetter de interne mulighetene i forhold til muligheter i andre bedrifter. I siste del av prosjektet vil vi undersøke betydningen av informasjon om muligheter for arbeidere og hvorvidt forskjeller i lønn også reflekterer gap i kunnskap om muligheter. 

Samlet sett vil prosjektet bidra til økt forståelse av hvordan moderne arbeidsmarkeder fungerer og hva offentlig og bedriftspolitikk kan gjøre for å håndtere utfordringer knyttet til økende lønnsulikhet.

Firms’ human resource policies play an important role in shaping individual workers’ careers and overall inequality. The key challenge with identifying the role that firms play in shaping workers’ careers is that existing worker-firm datasets, such as Norwegian register data, do not include information on what goes on inside of firms. For instance, these data do not include information on how firms advertise or fill vacant positions, how workers learn about these positions, or how firms organize their internal hierarchies. This project aims to advance our understanding of the determinants of HR policies and the consequences of these policies for individual careers and for labor market inequality. In order to do so, the researchers will establish a research infrastructure that combines the strength of the Norwegian administrative data with recent advancements in survey design. 

The research infrastructure will allow them to open the "black box" of firms’ HR policies and make three distinct contributions. In the first project, they will use the infrastructure to develop and validate new survey instruments for measuring firms’ internal HR policies. This will allow them to describe determinants of firm recruitment policies, how practices differ across firms and workers, and whether different recruitment strategies reinforce existing labor market inequalities. In the second project, they will explore workers’ search across and within firms and examine the value workers attach to internal labor markets. This will leverage experiments embedded in the worker survey, as well as recent techniques to measure the organizational structure of firms. The third project will estimate the value that workers place on information about the outside labor market. In doing so, it contributes to an ongoing academic and policy discussion about the role of information in the labor market.

Firming Up Careers: Human Resource Policies and Inequality

Midlene fra STIM-OA-Stimuleringstiltak for åpen tilgang fordelt på år

Midlene fra STIM-OA-Stimuleringstiltak for åpen tilgang fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra STIM-OA-Stimuleringstiltak for åpen tilgang fordelt på fagområde

Research leader

Ansatte ved Sykehuset Telemark HF var medforfattere på 51 CRISTIN-registrerte publikasjoner i 2017 hvorav 30 artikler ble publisert i tidsskrifter med åpen publisering. STHF søker herved om støtte til å dekke kostnader til APC for 5 av disse publikasjonene, totalt 54 844,15 NOK. Beløpet er regnskapsført i 2017 (Se vedlagte liste)

Søknad om støtte til åpen publisering i regnskapsåret 2017

My dissertation deals with sustainable urban mobility in comparative perspective as component of  urban climate protection plans. I am particularly interested in how, why and with what implications on the quality of life electric vehicles are promoted. 

 Whereas Berlin performs rather poorly in going beyond testing the practical applications of electro-mobility - only 165 electric cars were registered as of January 1st, 2012 - by now, more than 4.000 passenger electric vehicles are recorded in Oslo and tw ice as much in entire Norway. Therewith Norway is the global leader in terms of electric vehicles per inhabitant. 

I am thus asking how and why Norway, Oslo respectively, has achieved so well and what could Germany/Berlin possibly learn from it?  

The m ethodology contains policy input mapping and performance evaluation along QoL indicators through surveys with EV drivers, which I hope to be able to approach through EV car dealerships in the first place. Since the Berlin Institute of Technology has condu cted a number of user interviews that could be conducive to my research, I am hopeful a similar survey is already available in Oslo or could give me access to potential interview partners. The language barrier, however, could pose an additional challenge  to my research.

To replace conventional propulsion systems by battery electric vehicles is obviously a short cut to the long term goal of emissions reduction in road traffic, which addresses climate change, fossil fuel dependence, and health related issu es. Questions of congestion and safety through individual motorized transport, however, remain relevant.

My research is thus driven to identify policy prerequisites on the one hand and potential down sides of the application of electric vehicles on the o ther.

ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND QUALITY OF LIFE - A BIG STEP TOWARD SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

The national-motivated terror attacks in July 2011 shocked not only Norway but also the rest of the world. Especially in Germany, a country with a nationalistic past and unfortunately also a right terror presence, the awareness of the Norwegian phenomena  was very high. My personal interest and leading research question I like to write up in my project about is: Do the German reports focus more on the nationalistic motivation of Breivik than the Norwegian does?
Therefore, I want to investigate the media ou tput of chosen articles and comments between German and Norwegian leading newspapers such as Süddeutsche Zeitung and Aftenposten in the period from July 2011 to August 2012. Articles in newspapers are used to have a more detailed researched report style i n comparison to online or TV publications, which are more concentrated on up to date and subsuming reporting. With the help of the content framing analysis, I like to find out if and how far the reporting decided between Germany and Norway. This method co nsists of distinct stages: frame-building, frame-setting and individual and societal level consequences of framing (Scheufele, 2000). To come closer to the research question, the project concentrates on frame-building: It refers to the factors that influe nce the structural qualities of news frames. Factors internal to journalism determine how journalists and news organizations frame issues. My motivation is to gather experiences in this method in preparation for my master thesis. In my master exam, I also  like to write about right terror and use my EON project as a first basis. As master student of Media and Political Communication of the Freie Universität Berlin I get the chance of an interdisciplinary study: evaluating political phenomena and its public  outcome is an important development. The EON Ruhrgas program for political science would be a great chance to support me in this cross sectional education.

Media reporting about right terror - a content comparison between German and Norwegian leading newspapers

During my stay at the University of Bergen, I intend to continue my research within the areas I have been studying before. Of my particular interest is the phenomenon of sovereign wealth funds. Since it covers aspects of (democratic) accountability as wel l as international political economy, it perfectly fits into my previous academic work. As home country of one of the biggest sovereign wealth funds worldwide, Norway constitutes an excellent example to examine that issue in more detail.  As I am consider ing to write my master's thesis on that matter, I would like to take this opportunity to get in contact with experts coming from that specific area. Furthermore, I would love to do some field research in Norway.

At the University of Bergen I will attend  to the following courses: Political Economy and Political Economy and the Welfare State. According to that urge I plan to take the two other courses Law, Politics and Democracy and European Politics. Besides my general hope for new inspirations coming fro m a new student body around me, I hope I can add some more classical political science to my economic focus after taking these courses. All four of these courses will give me the chance to deepen my knowledge and to enrich it with a view on the European U nion and its politics from the outside.

Letter of Motivation ? Personal Mobility Grant

How can we account for variance with electoral advances of right populist parties in Western Europe? Drawing on a socio-evolutionary framework, I argue that the electoral advances of right populist parties share a very plain common denominator: They are t he reaction to moderate political actors? incapability to tame discourses over the questioning of societies? social and symbolic boundaries. 

I propose established political parties? capabilities to lower the salience immigration-matters in public discou rse as the best way to forestall electoral advances of right populist parties. Moderate parties can do so in omitting polarization over immigration-matters and in increasing the salience of other political issues, primarily in the socio-economic realm. 

 I conceive the strategic interplay between the mid-left and the mid-right parties as pivotal: Once a mid-right party politicizes the immigration-issue, the crucial factor impinging on the electoral advances of anti-immigration parties is the positioning o f the mid-left parties: if they oppose the mid-right parties? stances harshly, the issue remains contested, enabling the electoral advances of anti-immigration parties. If the mid-left parties take a moderate stance once faced with skeptical tones from mi d-right parties, maybe even aim for a conservative consensus, the electoral advances of right populist parties are hampered. 

In one sentence: Electoral advances of right populist parties are forestalled if mid-left parties largely give in to the demands  of mid-right parties as the immigration issue is politicized. 

My PhD project will test this hypothesis via a political claims analysis, using media data. I focus on a most similar systems design and scrutinize the immigration discourses of established  parties since the mid 1980s in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden and how they affected the electoral advances of right populist parties.

Explaining variation with the electoral advances of Right Populist Parties (PhD Thesis)

Whether we eat food, or purchase medication, we are, often without knowing, affected by European regulatory agencies (ERAs). Enjoying a meal, we depend on the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to assure the quality of our food; taking medicines, we en trust the European Medicines Agency (EMA) with the authorization of these products. Being a visible manifestation of the so-called trend of agencification (Levi-Faur 2009), European agencies (~30) have significantly shaped our daily lives and have assumed  ever more tasks originally located at the national level.

Generally perceived as being autonomous from politics, and basing their decisions on expertise, the ERAs have come to be embedded into a broader trend of depoliticizing the public sphere (Flinder s 2004). Autonomy refers to an agency being free from outside constraints and thus serves to insulate its experts from undue political influence by stakeholders. Expertise, in turn, contributes to adequate solution of problems. To understand agency autono my, expertise ranks prominently, by itself as well as by reputation, and is considered a key prerequisite for bureaucratic autonomy (Carpenter 2001). Unfortunately, neither of these two pivotal concepts - autonomy and expertise - nor their relationship to  each other are understood clearly. Therefore, this study sets out to answer the following quetsions: 

How autonomous are ERAs de facto and how does expertise influence it? (depending on the type of expertise, the uncertainty involved, and the degree of  politicization)

Theoretically, this study centrally builds on insights from organizational studies and political science to elaborate on an organizational as well as an inter-institutional pillar. Empirically, the project investigates four European agenc ies which are formally involved in the European decision making process. Findings are based on both interview data (45 semi-structured interviews) and quantitative survey data.

Explaining Agency Autonomy in the EU - Is Expertise the Driving Force?

My dissertation project aims at contributing towards a better understanding of the dynamics of violence against civilians in civil war. I develop a theoretical model of civilian-fighter interaction that accounts for the reciprocal effects of the violence  used, and the level of support that civilians display towards the conflicting parties. I argue that violence in civil war is used to gain support and deter civilians from collaborating with the opponent. Varying strategies of warfare should therefore be r eflected in varying forms of violence. From this follows that violence should affect civilians' preferences in choosing which side to support in civil war. I order to fully address the reciprocity of this relationship, I include the to date under-theorize d role that non-lethal violence has on civilians decision-making processes.

During my research stay at PRIO's Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW), I plan to devote the majority of my time towards analyzing the role that the geographical distribution  of violence has in the interplay between violence and civilian support in civil wars. Since I will be making use of the soon to be released spatial data structure 'GRID' that is currently being developed at PRIO, I very much look forward to working with  this team of researchers and developing my research skills in the field of geographical analysis in conflicts. Furthermore, I will take the opportunity of specifically examining the reaction and adaption process that civilians undergo after having endured  violence in conflict situations. This topic is closely related to the CSCW's major ongoing research project on the manifestations of violence in conflict. In particular, their current research on wartime rape as a repertoire of violence commonly used in  civil war will be instrumental to the development of my theoretical model.

The Reciprocal Relationship of Violence and Civilian Support in Civil War

This is an application for the Ruhrgas Personal Mobility Grant for Political Science. My aim is to spend one semester at the Freie Universität Berlin, focusing on international relations and European integration. Along with academics, a better understandi ng of German culture and language are also important motivations. Further details are enclosed in the Letter of Motivation (attachments).

Exchange semester at Freie Universität Berlin

My planned research stay at the Department of Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen aims at conducting the empirical research for the second country study of my PhD-project 'Changing accountability relations in public employme nt services: The case of Germany and Norway', i.e. the NAV-reform in Norway. 
The PhD-project will analyse how recent reform measures in public employment services have affected the accountability relations in two countries, namely Norway and Germany. The  main research question of the PhD-project can be summarized as follows:
How, why and under which conditions have modes of accountability in welfare state administration shifted as a result of recent reforms in public employment services in Norway and Ger many?
It is assumed that the shift from bureaucratic to more network based models of service delivery has altered accountability relations and amended the classical 'upwards' mechanisms of accountability to ministers, Parliament, and courts, by e.g. marke t accountability forms that have been laid over hierarchical structures or by increased accountability requirements to the public. New steering practices, decentralisation, privatisation and new forms of management have changed the way how public employme nt services operate, but have also created a need for new ways of making public employment services accountable for what they do.
Main activities at the host institution will be:
a)	desk research based on reform documents (identifying documents related to  policy formulation, decision-making, implementation and evaluation of reforms, and studies of steering documents, control initiatives, performance management systems etc.);
b)	the preparation and conduction of semi-structured interviews with key actors o f the reform process, such as political and managerial executives in the public employment services and politicians in the area of labour market.

Changing accountability relations in public employment services: The case of Germany and Norway

Zweimonatiger Forschungsaufenthalt am Riksarkivet Oslo im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit am Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaft der Freien Universität Berlin. 

Gegenstand der Diplomarbeit ist die Etablierung der "Einsatzgruppe Wiking" 1942 in Oslo, die  ein entscheidender Akteur der Ausbeutung von über 100000 Zwangsarbeitern im besetzten Norwegen war. Ziel der Forschung im OT-Archiv des Riksarkivet wird es sein, Aufbau und Organisation der "Einsatzgruppe Wiking", die Entscheidungen zum Einsatz von Zwang sarbeitern und die Organisation dieser Zwangsarbeit auf norwegischem Boden nachzuvollziehen. Die Arbeit liegt somit an einem Schnittpunkt zwischen Geschichte, Politikwissenschaft und Ökonomie. Die Arbeit wird nicht nur zum ersten Mal detailliert dieses Ka pitel der deutsch-norwegischen Geschichte beleuchten, sondern gewinnt eine gesamteuropäische Bedeutung, da die Zwangsarbeiter aus vielen Staaten Europas (z.B. Polen, Russland, Frankreich, Serbien) nach Norwegen gebracht wurden.

Betreuer der Diplomarbeit  sind Prof. Johannes Tuchel (FU Berlin/Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand) und Prof. Hans Otto Frøland (NTNU Trondheim). Die Diplomarbeit entsteht im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes "Tvangsarbeidets politiske økonomi: Organisation Todt i Norge under andre ve rdenskrig" der NTNU Trondheim, das auch vom Norwegischen Forschungsrat unterstützt wird. Meine "host institution" wird die NTNU Trondheim sein, wobei mich aber während der zwei Monate lediglich am Riksarkivet in Oslo aufhalten werde.

In Oslo werde ich mi t der Forschergruppe des Projekts am Riksarkivet in engem Kontakt stehen und auch deren dortige Räumlichkeiten nutzen können.

Diplomarbeit "Die Etablierung der Einsatzgruppe Wiking 1942"

As part of my master's degree in Public Policy, a stay at a foreign university is an important widening to my studies at the Hertie School of Governance. For my further studies and my own scientific work a semester in Bergen would provide me with new inpu ts. Especially the combination of administrative science and organization theory within the Master Programme in Administration and Organization Theory at the University of Bergen offers a great opportunity to combine my skills in public policy analysis wi th the perspectives of public organizational studies. Moreover, it is also possible to learn how the university system and my field of studies are taught and studied in another country which will be very interesting and rewarding. During my Bachelor studi es at the University of Potsdam, I focused particularly on the areas of public administration and organization. Actually, in my Master studies of Public Policy, I take a particular interest in administration and organization and as well as in public manag ement, with a focus on social policy. The University of Bergen and the Department of Administration and Organization Theory would therefore fit perfectly to deepen and to broaden my knowledge in this field. I noticed also positively the focus on methodolo gical training within the Master Programme. I consider this emphasis on methodological questions and design as very attractive and could benefit from this during a Semester abroad in Bergen. 
In summary, a semester abroad in Bergen would be a great opport unity promoting me on my way to the master's degree and provide me with more skills and knowledge to successfully finish my studies.

Exchange Semester at the University of Bergen, Master of Public Administration and Organization Theory

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,
hiermit  bewerbe  ich  mich  um  ein  Stipendium  für  mein  geplantes  Auslandssemester  in Norwegen  im  Wintersemester 2012/13.  Ich  bin  Student  der  Politikwissenschaften  an  einer ihrer  Partnerinstitutionen,  der   Universität  Bremen  und  befinde  mich  momentan  im  3. Semester  meines  BA-Studiums.  Ich  plane  von  August  bis  Dezember  diesen  Jahres  ein Semester  an  der  Universität  Bergen  in  Norwegen  zu  verbringen und würde daher gerne die Förderung  des Stipendienfonds E.ON Ruhrgas in Anspruch nehmen.
(Nähere Angaben siehe Motivationsschreiben)

Freundliche Grüße,
Jan Samek

STIM-OA-Stimuleringstiltak for åpen tilgang

Søknad om støtte til åpen publisering i regnskapsåret 2017

Awarded: NOK 27,000

Summary

Funding scheme:

STIM-OA-Stimuleringstiltak for åpen tilgang

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics