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Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Per- og polyfluorerte stoffer (PFAS) er en stor gruppe menneskeskapte kjemikalier med høyt fluorinnhold som antas å ha negative helseeffekter. Kilder til PFAS kan være produksjon av vann-, varme- og flekkbestandige produkter og disse kjemikaliene er en del av hverdagen vår. PFAS påvirkning av biologiske systemer er ikke fullstendig forstått. Noen PFAS er antatt å øke risikoen for å utvikling av ikke-alkoholisk fettleversykdom (NAFLD) og øke risikoen for diabetes. 

For å forstå hvordan PFAS påvirker organene våre ønsker vi å bruke små laboratoriedyrkede organmodeller, kalt organoider. Disse miniatyrorganene kan dyrkes fra menneskelige stamceller og tilbyr et kontrollert miljø for å studere hvordan PFAS påvirker f.eks lever og bukspyttkjertelen vår, uten bruk av dyreforsøk.

For å studere helseeffekter må vi kunne måle nivået av biomolekyler som fettstoffer i leveren og hormoner i bukspyttkjertelen. Til dette trenger vi å utvikle analytiske verktøy for å måle effektene. Først vil vi bekrefte at når leverorganoidene eksponeres for enkelte PFAS-forbindelser utvikles det NAFLD-lignende sykdom ved å sammenligne den biokjemiske profilen (proteiner og metabolitter) til organoider av lever med PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Deretter vil vi utvide den analytiske verktøykassen for å undersøke hvilke metabolske veier som påvirkes, og om effekten er den samme i NAFLD-induserte og PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Vi vil også eksponere insulinproduserende bukspyttkjertelorganoider for PFAS for å undersøke effekten av PFAS på hormonproduksjon. Når effektene av PFAS-eksponering på lever- og bukspyttkjertel-organoider er etablert, vil organoidene bli samkultivert i en chip, og effektene av PFAS-eksponering vil bli undersøkt og sammenlignet med individuelle organoider.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 1 diabetes. HE-POP aims to investigate the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), a type of POPs), on organ function in a controlled environment.

Organoids are multicellular laboratory-grown miniature organs, that are grown from stem cells. HE-POP will use organoids to examine how PFAS affects our organs and develop cutting-edge bioanalytical tools and methodology to measure these effects using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HE-POP hypothesizes that PFAS negatively affects organ function, as evidenced by changes in hormone and lipid levels characteristic of NAFLD and type 1 diabetes. 

Organoids offer a controlled environment to study the effects of PFAS on the liver and pancreas, without the use of animal models. HE-POP aims to gain evidence of the negative effects of PFAS on organ function through controlled experiments on organoids and aid in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and type 1 diabetes.

HE-POP has fundaments in UN sustainable development goals, specifically #3, #12, and #14/15, seeking an understanding of diseases with worldwide prevalence, and understanding how POPs affect our life and surroundings and help enable the right regulatory actions and replacement chemicals.

HE-POP: Studying the Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Using Mass Spectrometry, Organoids, and Organ-On-A-Chip

Norge har under Parisavtalen påtatt seg en forpliktelse til å redusere klimautslippene sine med minst 55 prosent innen 2030 sammenlignet med nivået i 1990. Hittil har vi kun oppnådd 5 prosent av dette målet; vi har følgelig kun syv år på å redusere de resterende 50 prosent for å imøtekomme målene. For 2050 har vi satt oss enda større mål: å redusere klimautslippene med hele 90 prosent. Bakgrunnen for målene er at vi prøver å unngå de verste scenarioene FNs klimautvalg skisserer opp i sine rapporter. I tillegg har energiforbruket økt, og prognosene fra Statnett for ulike scenarier viser at energiforbruket skal fortsette å øke. Vi trenger følgelig mer energi. Dette har bidrat til at diskusjoner rundt kjernekraft i Norge er høyaktuelle og pågående. Norsk Kjernekraft AS har blitt opprettet med formål om å bygge Norges første kjernekraftverk. I tillegg ble det i fjor også bevilget 200 millioner kroner fra Regjeringen til et nytt senter som skal drive med nukleær forskning. Målet er å styrke den norske kunnskapsberedskapen på det nukleære området. Dette betyr at vi beveger oss i en retning hvor kjernekraft en dag kan bli aktuelt i Norge, og noen mener at dette er den eneste veien å gå hvis vi skal nå målene våre for 2050. Men i dag sitter vi med flere spørsmål enn svar, blant annet: Hvilken teknologi og leverandør burde vi velge? Er regelverket for snevert og strengt? Hvordan kan dette gjøres og samtidig ivareta sikkerhet? Hvordan tjener et kjernekraftverk penger?

Dette prosjektet skal svare på samtlige av disse spørsmålene i en detaljert og omfattende analyse. Her bruker vi grunnlagsdata til å vurdere dagens forskning opp mot hvordan industrien i andre land opererer, og ut ifra dette forsøke estimere hva risikoen knyttet til å bygge kjernekraft som industri i Norge er. Prosjektet sikter på å gi et så helhetlig bilde som mulig slik at vi kan gjøre oss opp en mening basert på fakta; om kjernekraft passer inn i miksen av det som utgjør norsk energi.

Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen skisserer forskningen Vala Maria Valsdottir (omtales herunder som stipendiaten) skal utføre innenfor sin doktorgradsavhandling. Prosjektet skal være en del av Senter for nukleær forskning (SNF) som fikk midler vinteren 2023.
Ph.d.-prosjektet er initiert av Inmeta Consulting AS, som igjennom denne ph.d.-stillingen vil bli en del av SNF. Inmeta planlegger en prosjektperiode på fire år, hvor stipendiaten arbeider 75 % med ph.d.-prosjektet og 25 % med vanlig virksomhet hos Inmeta. 
Prosjektet skal undersøke muligheten for kjernekraft som industri i Norge. Dette er både en samfunnsaktuell problemstilling samt en som medlemmene i SNF er interessert i å utforske. Stipendiaten kommer derfor til å samarbeide med alle aktørene som er involvert i senteret og benytte forskningsdata fra dem. Dette gjelder da spesielt Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE) som har mest grunnlagsdata som er relevant for dette prosjektet.
Kandidaten ferdigstilte en masteroppgave høsten 2020 i kjernefysikk på Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) og har derfor gode og relevante grunnkunnskaper for å ta på seg et slikt prosjekt. I tillegg har kandidaten tre års erfaring innenfor energibransjen, og er derfor oppdatert på industrien og forstår deres problemstillinger godt.

Er kjernekraft aktuelt for Norge?

Potetskrell, et biprodukt fra industriproduksjon av potet (pommes frites, flak, chips mm.) er en råstoff ressurs som kan bli bedre utnyttet til nye formål. Skrellet er nemlig en rik kilde på antioksidanter, stoffer som planter naturlig har i seg for å beskytte mot skadelige UV-stråler og reaktive forbindelser som oksygen radikaler. Antioksidanter behøver vi også å tilsette i matvarer for å beskytte og ta vare på umettet fett så det ikke blir harskt og vondt i kontakt med luft. I dag brukes flere ulike syntetiske stoffer i matvarer for å hindre oksidasjon av fett og oljer. Men det er reist bekymring rundt sikkerheten for bruken av dem. Matvareindustrien, myndigheter og forbruker ønsker derfor å fjerne flere syntetiske antioksidanter og erstatte dem med naturlig alternativer. Det er imidlertid svært få slike produkter som er godkjent og tilgjengelig på markedet. Prosjektet Peel Preserve, som har et klart bærekraft mål, skal vise om et uttrekk av antioksidanter laget på industrielt potetskrell råstoff kan fungere som konserveringsmiddel og erstatte noen av de stoffene som brukes i dag. Tre næringsmiddelbedrifter skal teste potetskrell-ekstraktet i noen av sine produkter og utføre både interne og eksterne analyser på effekten. Men en viktig forutsetning for at potetantioksidant kan tas i bruk som nytt tilsetningsstoff i mat er at det blir godkjent av den Europeiske matsikkerhets myndigheten (EFSA) og gitt et E-nummer. Prosjektet skal igangsette denne lengre flertrinns godkjennings prosessen. Parallelt skal det utvikles en forretningsmodell og nødvendig beskyttelse rundt teknologien. Dersom industrien etter testingen av potetantioksidanten, vurderer denne som er god erstatning til konkurransedyktig pris, og en EFSA-godkjenning kan oppnås på sikt, åpner det for å kommersialisere et naturlig plante-basert produkt til beste for forbruker og for miljøet. Bak prosjektet Peel Preserve står Høgskolen i Innlandet i samarbeid med Nofima og Klosser Innovasjon.

Preserving foods with potato peels: Industry-relevant validation and first regulatory assessment of a new natural antioxidant

InART is recognized as one of the main conference series in the field of Heritage Science and since its first edition in 2013 (Evora, Portugal) it mainly focused on the contribution of natural sciences to the field. A major change occurred after the COVID-19 pandemic, when a greater number of researchers from different branches of heritage science participated in InART 2022 (Paris, France). 
InART is an open platform for knowledge-sharing among professionals in the field of Heritage Science, including conservation.
These aspects are covered by the main conference topics:
•	Development of new tools (devices, technology, software, etc.), advanced data analysis and FAIR data management
•	Development and/or implementation of new methods and routines (diagnostic and conservation) for the understanding of heritage materials, techniques, and degradation processes (chemical, physical and biological)
•	Development, testing (includes mechanical testing), and characterization of new materials for conservation (special attention to green conservation treatments)
•	Application of non-invasive/non-destructive techniques
•	Preventive conservation: environmental monitoring techniques and climate/microclimate effects on the conservation of heritage sites and exposed objects.

Heritage science is a highly multidisciplinary research field. Consequently, topics covered during the InArt2024 conference can be approached from different points of view and the conference aims to merge natural sciences and conservation, providing a dynamic space for active interaction, scientific exchange, and debates on the central issues of heritage science research. InART2024 welcomes contributors from diverse fields to join and create an interdisciplinary discussion about cultural heritage conservation within the fields of archaeological objects, artworks, built heritage, etc.

6th International Conference on Innovation in Art Research and Technology

Applied Biocatalysis is the development through science and engineering of useful biological catalysts and their commercial applications. The BNCM 2024 conference has an intention to gather approx. 100 international and national scientists from academia and industry in addition to PhD students from the international community. BNCM 2024 will be the 7th in this series of meetings with attendees from both academia and industry presenting and discussing the newest research in enzyme catalysed reactions in other media than water. The conference series was started in 1986 by professors Hans Tramper and Urs von Stockar, University of Wageningen, the Netherlands, and has later been chaired in Russia, Italy and Germany before Elisabeth Jacobsen at NTNU was give the honor of chairing the conference.  Collaboration in biocatalysis research has been supported by EU Frameworks as three subsequent COST actions. The first action, COST Action D25 "Applied Biocatalysis. Stereoselective and environmentally friendly reactions catalysed by enzymes " (2001-2007) was initiated and chaired by professor Thorleif Anthonsen, NTNU, the founder of the Biocatalysis Group at NTNU, which the project leader of this conference now chair. The strategy of applied biocatalysis fits well under the definitions of white biotechnology and Sustainable chemistry (Suschem) and fits also well with the EU Green Deal Strategy.

7th International Conference on Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media

InterNASH - An intercellular-pathway therapeutic for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på år

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fagområde

Forskar

Det Norske Fiskeernæringsseminaret blir arrangert anna kvart år og er ein arena for å kommunisere det siste innan forsking på fiskeernæring og legge til rette for dialog mellom alle som jobbar med fiskeernæring i Noreg. Det overordna temaet for seminaret er ernæringssikkerheit for optimal ernæringsstatus og robustheit for alle artar oppdretta i Noreg. Dette inkluderer mellom anna forhold rundt fôrsikkerheit som til dømes tilgang og utnytting av næringsstoff, og mogleikar og utfordringar med nye råmateriale. Det omfattar også faktorar som påverkar ernæringsbehovet og ernæringsstatusen til fisken, slik som genetikk, miljøforhold, produksjonsstrategiar og sjukdomar, samt korleis optimalisering av fôrsamansetjinga kan påverke robustheit, prestasjon, helse og velferd.

Det 14. Norske Fiskeernæringsseminar – Ernæringssikkerheit i norsk akvakultur

The objective is to create an energy and cost effective transport chain for stranded natural gas for power production with CO2 capture including liquefaction and transport of CO2 to be injected in an oil field for EOR or an another suitable storage. 

The  integrated liquefied energy chain consists of:
- A novel offshore LNG process with cold recovery from CO2 and LIN
- A combined gas carrier for LNG, CO2 and LIN
- A novel integrated air separation process with cold recovery from LNG
- An integrated oxyfue l power plant with CO2 capture and conditioning
- A novel process for liquefaction of CO2 with cold recovery from LNG

Utilization of the cryogenic energy in LNG, CO2 and liquid inert nitrogen, LIN, will, for the total chain, give higher overall energy ef ficiency and lower investment cost. It is possible to integrate these processes and obtain enhanced efficiencies, reduced capital costs and higher exploitations of our oil and gas resources with marginal CO2 emissions. 

The transport chain is especially suited for tail production of oil fields with associated gas, in where the gas is used for gas injection, as the use of CO2 for EOR will increase the lifetime of the oil field, thus also increase the oil production from the oil field. The natural gas will  be sold as LNG and is therefore changed from a challenge to a valuable recourse

Design and evaluation of complex energy processes and chains require the appropriate methodology. Pinch analysis can be used to develop the optimal heat exchanger network in  a process. In cryogenic processes the temperature is closely related to the pressure. Hence it would be very convenient to have a pinch analyses tool which includes the effect of pressure. The aim is to include the effect of both temperature and pressure  in an extended pinch analysis based on exergy calculations.It will include optimization of both the total energy chain and the sub processes. This requires specialization in computational technologies.

A Liquefied Energy Chain for Exploitation of Natural Gas, Capture and Injection of CO2 for EOR - Optimisation, Pinch and Exergy Analysis

In light of the current focus on the need to strengthen the teacing of foreign languages in Norwegian schools, this project sets out to contribute to reaching this goal. It is my belief that previous research and theories on second language acquisition of fer valuable insight into this field. Still, I claim that language acquisition and learning may profit more from being investigated within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics, which is based on actual usage and which focuses on meaning. This is an appr oach that is still in its infancy, but which so far shows promising results.

This project will investigate how both first and second language learners of English use the progressive construction (the -ing form), a feature of the English language which is  hard to learn for Norwegian learners because it does not exist in their language. In addition, I will look into how the same construction is used by different age groups. By comparing both foreign/native speaker usage and the development across age group s, I hope to obtain information about whether first and second language learning show a parallel development, as well as a thorough understanding of how and why the progressive is so difficult for Norwegian learners. This information can hopefully later b e used to provide descrioptions of the progressive construction that are meaningful to young learners and that they can relate to more easily than descriptions that only focus on form.

Cogito Ergo Loquor - a Cognitive Linguistic approach to foreign language learning: the case of the English progressive.

The goal of Åse Marit Janse's  ph.d.-project is to
1) develop transport equations for fully ionized, magnetized gas that can describe both collision dominated and collision less plasma flow and
2)apply these equations to the outflow of ionized gas from th e solar corona
3)improve the understanding of the energy balance in CMEs (through collaboration with Dr.Low at HAO)

Studies of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) at the High Altitude Observatory (HAO), Boulder, CO, USA, 20.6-20.12 2006

Climatic and sea level changes are complex  processes which require very advanced mathematical and physical skills for proper dynamic modeling. For example; glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) after deglaciation caused central parts of Fennoscandia to rais e roughly 1000 m over the last 10000 years. However deglaciation released huge amounts of water causing the global sea level to increase ca 125 m hence ancient shore lines are mapable far inland of present day Norway. This GIA process depends on the thich nesses of the ice sheet covering Fennoscandia, mantle rheological properties and climate variations as well. The speciality of geologists and geophysicists are observations of manifestations of these in fact cyclic variations while physicists are far bett er in dynamic modeling of these processes. We feel confident that a combination of modeling and observational efforts in these fields would prove mutual beneficial. Just note that the first of GIA models (of Peltier et al.) dates back to 1980-ties and jus t recently has been refined to an extent that we may be able to reconstruct the sea level history of W. Norway in such detail that it may be helpful in archelogical reconstructioning the early settlements of nomadic tribes in Norway - a major goal of the ICEHUS project. Likewise; ongoing global warming is generally attributed to enhanced releases of socalled breenhouse gases but projected rapid climatic changes in the past are well documented so better insight into these processes are critical.A major fac tor here may be fresh water influx into the N. Atlantic from melting Artic ocean and NE Canada ice covers and hence strongly affect the Atlantic meridional overturning and hence rapid climate variations.

Modeling climate, glaciation and sea level changes in the N. Atlantic  and human migration aspects of early Fennoscandian settlements.

NPI leads a research programme which is specifically targeted at improving understanding of climate variability and feedback in the sea ice - land - ocean - atmosphere system in the polar regions. World-class NPI glaciologists and polar oceanographers hav e been investigating sea ice conditions (past and present) in the Nordic seas for several decades, and have worked with a variety of proxy techniques (e.g., ice cores, marine sediments) to develop time series of sea ice / climate variability over past cen turies and longer. The Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) National Glaciology Programme, which is coordinating Christophe's PhD research programme in Canada, is pursuing parallel research in Canadian Arctic waters using cores from polar ice caps, and the  two institutions have maintained close collaborative linkages over the last 10 years. Christophe's stay at NPI will therefore facilitate the exchange of data sets and of ideas between GSC and NPI researchers, thereby strengthening links between these ins titutions.

3-month research visit to NPI by C. Kinnard

The mobility stipend recipient is Professor Larry Davis Browning, PhD, from the College of Communication Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, and the host and main collaborator is Associate Professor Jan-Oddvar Sørnes, PhD, Bodø Graduate School o f Business. For the past four years, as a research team, we have collaborated on interview research project to study the choices individuals in organizations make when they use ICTs. The purpose of this initiative is to extend the partnering relationship by initiating new projects and to continue existing activities. Hosting a Professor from a top-ranked research one institution in the United States is a great opportunity for our institution, and contribution to the field of organizational communication s tudies in Norway in general.  While organizational communication is an established field, especially in the U.S. the field is relatively new in Scandinavia. Thus, the opportunity to have a well published and recognized scholar in the field reside in Norwa y for six months, contributes in many positive ways. Through collaboration with Norwegian scholars, the Norwegian research community will benefit by improving the quality and efficiency of research and researcher training. Such contact and collaboration i s professionally inspiring; it will influence Norwegian researchers' own activities, create new opportunities, and contribute to further professional collaboration.  While Dr. Browning will reside in Bodø, the broader research community in Norway and Scan dinavia will benefit through his participation at research conferences and various courses and seminars. Main deliverables by the end of September 2006: Complete draft of a book, 2 articles in press, 2 articles submitted to journals, plan and conduct a Ph .D. level course in Qualitative Research Methods and Design, Guest lectures/seminars, two conference presentations - ICA and EGOS, working papers and registration of activity in ForskDoc

Analyzing and writing-up qualitative data of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in organizations in Norway and the U.S.

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in using plant extracts as feed additives in ruminant nutrition. Among these products, essential oils are attracting much attention. Essential oils are not currently used in livestock production in Canada and No rth America. However, they are extensively used in Europe because several European countries have banned the use of antibiotics and growth promoters in livestock diets. Moreover, the European Union (EU) has decided to ban by January 2006, the use of other  feed antibiotics, including monensin ionophore, in livestock production. Consequently, in recent years, the essential oils market for livestock production has grown rapidly in the EU. Therefore, natural plant extracts such as essential oils may offer an interesting alternative means for manipulating the ruminal microbial ecosystem to improve feed efficiency in ruminants. The specific objectives of this project are: 1. To examine the opportunity of using essential oils as feed additives in ruminant diets;  2. To evaluate the effects of different types of essential oils on ruminal fermentation pattern, feed digestibility, ruminal microbial populations, proteolytic activity of ruminal bacteria, deaminative activity of ruminal bacteria, and methanogenic activ ity of ruminal bacteria. This research could be an effective means to improve efficiency of nitrogen use by dairy cows. The reduction of ruminal degradation of dietary nitrogen by essential oils will increase dietary amino acid supply to the intestines, w hich would contribute to meet the amino acid requirements of lactating dairy cows and increase milk protein production. By improving the use of dietary nitrogen in dairy cows, the need for protein supplements in dairy rations could be reduced, and therefo re help farmers to reduce feed costs. The decrease in protein degradation in the rumen will reduce ammonia production and urinary nitrogen excretion which would have favorable effects on the environment.

Evaluation of the Potential Use of Plant-derived Essential Oils in Ruminant Nutrition

We have recently discovered a novel monogenic diabetes syndrome with combined endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, which is caused by mutations in the carboxyl-ester lipase gene (Ræder et al, Nature Genetics, in review). Our findings link diabet es to dysfunction of a lipase in the pancreatic acinar cells. This finding point to a new mechanism for the development of diabetes, and extend the number of potential
associations between endocrine and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Recent reports indi cate a higher prevalence than previously supposed of exocrine pancreas dysfunction in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes and MODY 5. The molecular factors contributing to this exocrine insufficiency remain elusive. The reason why mutations in carboxylest er lipase should cause diabetes and exocrine dysfunction is so far unknown. The aim of the current project is to elucidate the disease mechanism. To this end, we plan to investigate various cell lines stably transfected with wild-type and mutant carboxyl- ester lipase gene, and to phenotype newly constructed mouse models carrying null or conditional mutations in the carboxyl-ester lipase gene. The cell lines and mouse models will be important tools for a number of investigations. In order to initiate these  analyses, Dr. Njølstad was a visiting professor in Director Kahn?s Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, from August 2004 to July 2005. PhD students Helge Ræder (MD) is currently continuing his work in Dr Kahn's laboratory. The proj ect aims at gaining new insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes and may have implications for diagnosis and treatment of patients with a disease that is reaching epidemic proportions world-wide.

Cellular and physiological studies of mouse models of diabetes and exocrine deficiency due to mutations in carboxyl-ester lipase

In this proposal we apply for a Leiv Eiriksson grant to cover housing, travel and some running costs in connection with a sabbtical at NIFES for prof. Chris Langdon from Oregon State University, USA. Prof. Langdon is a leading scientist in fish larval bio logy with production of formulated feeds for marine fish larvae as his speciality. This topic is also investigated at NIFES and one of our PhD students visited Prof. Langdon's lab this year on a Leiv Eiriksson grant. A major problem with these feeds is a high leakage rate of watersoluble nutrients due to the small size of the particles. Prof. Langdon is developing techniques to prevent this leakage, which is the focus of this application. We will also look at the nutritional implications of using these te chniques.

Watersoluble micronutrients will be encapsulated in lipid spray beads (LSB). The nutrients that will be investigated are iron, iodine, two watersoluble vitamins and free amino acids.
The impact of the lipid material and the encapsulated micronu trient on encapsulation efficiency and leakage rates will be investigated.  The LSB will then be embedded into larger complex particles which contain the macronutrients. The encapsulation in LSB will prevent leakage of watersoluble nutrients but may reduc e the availability of the nutrients to fish larvae. This problem will be investigated by tube feeding individual larvae with labelled free amino acids ether incapsulated or not in LSB. Finally we will aim at conducting feeding experiments with LSB contain ing micronutrients, embedded in complex particles. The uptake of nutrients in fish larvae will be monitored together with fish performance .

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF METHODS TO DELIVER WATER-SOLUBLE MICRONUTRIENTS TO MARINE FISH LARVAE

The study of popular music production and gender is a neglected field within cultural studies, sociology, feminist studies and media studies, largely due to an biased focus on reception studies. One important consequence is a lack of competence on these i ssues, perhaps not only in the Norwegian research community, but also in Scandinavia as a whole. The same can be said about musicology studies, privileging analysis of the music itself, instead of the discourses than mediate and add meaning to the musical  works. Professor Susan McClary at UCLA Musicology Faculty, is one important exception in this respect, as she combines the reading of musical works with cultural analysis. As a sociologist being trained in media studies, working with questions of music p roduction and gender, I need to discuss and work with colleges that are familiar with the issues I am struggling with on a deeper level. Which is why it would be of extraordinary benefit for my project to be able to work with a major figure such as McClar y. The outcome of my 6 months stay as a visiting scholar at UCLA, working closely with her, will be two chapters in my thesis containing analysis of: 1) How male and female musicians use discourses of gender and sexuality in order to domesticate music tec hnologies 2) How male and female musicians use gender and sexuality in order to construct musical narratives in their musical compositions. In addition I will complete an article for a book about cultural entrepreneurs, which will be edited by professor P er Mangset at University College of Telemark. Since Los Angeles is considered one of the most important cities in the world with regards to music production, I expect working in LA will be of great inspiration. I further hope to establish enduring relatio nships at the Faculty of Musicology that may be of value in future work, also on behalf of Telemark University College and the Network for the study of Popular Music at the University of Oslo.

Analysis in relation to ongoing PhD-project in cooperation with major international contributor in the field of music, sexuality and gender

Support from the Leiv Eriksson mobility program is sought for a stay for one young scientist from NTNU to have a stay at two of the best research groups in the world within the field of Physical Metallurgy, both located in Canada. New relations will be es tablished and old ones will be strengthened between the involved research groups. Emphasise is put on the activities which integrate modelling activities with good focussed experimental studies. The stay will contribute to a transfer of certain skills and  methodologies that will be of long term benefit to NTNU and to the collaboration with the important Norwegian light metal industry.

Physical Metallurgical reeaserch and Aluminium in particular

The incidence of Type 2 diabetes and obesity has increased dramatically worldwide and reaches today epidemic proportions. These metabolic diseases are at high risk of developing different complications leading to disability and premature death. Insulin re sistance (i.e. where a given concentration of insulin does not show the expected magnitude of effects on target cells) is a hallmark of Type 2 diabetes and obesity. 
Insulin action is strongly influenced by environmental factors like dietary habits. For i nstance, prolonged intake of a high-fat diet is a high risk factor for impaired insulin action. In addition, recent studies have reported that elevated consumption of sucrose, by elevating circulating levels of fatty acids, may play a role in the dramatic  increase of Type 2 diabetes and obesity. 
Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) is a sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogue which when included in a high-fat diet was recently found to prevent the development of whole-body insulin resistance. In the present re search project, we plan to further explore the physiological/cellular mechanisms behind this beneficial effect. In addition, we want to test the hypothesis that TTA intake prevents high-sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance. Given that TTA intake preven ts the development of insulin resistance, inclusion of TTA in our diet may represent a potential strategy to prevent the expansion of Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Effects of tetradecylthioacetic acid intake in the prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance

I propose to take advantage of an unique ongoing study to explore how polymorphisms in low penetrance metabolic and DNA repair genes may modulate diet-cancer associations. The study is carried out in USA and deals with colorectal cancer (CRC) in relation to fish- and meat related mutagens exposure. For a period of one year I will be based at The University of Southern California (USC), Department of Preventive Medicine. Here I will work with prominent experts in molecular epidemiology and attend advanced classes in genetic epidemiology. I have already obtained some funding from "Henning och Johan Throne-Holsts stiftelse för främjande av vetenskaplig forskning" for this postdoc exchange. I hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes th at play key roles in the activation and/or detoxification of fish- and meat related mutagens, may modify the effects of mutagen intake on CRC risk. The Los Angeles CRC cohort consists of the USC`s component of the US Colorectal Family Registry (CFR). This  registry is the largest in its kind (7,000 patients) and consists of CRC patients and their families. The large sample sizes in this study represents an excellent opportunity for the study of SNPs and gene-environment interactions. I hope to be able to r eveal associations and gene-environment interactions that could help us to understand the heterogeneity of exposure and susceptibility with respect to CRC.

Effect of SNPs in genes related to DNA stability and metabolism of fish and meat related mutagens on colorectal cancer risk

The proposal describes outbound mobility of two postdoctoral scholars and their families to City of Hope's Beckman Research Institute (Duarte, CA). The researchers are still partially employed by Interagon AS, where they have conducted their doctoral rese arch, but will now also be employed as postdoctral fellows at NTNU. They both have extensive experience with algorithms that mine for complex patterns in large volumes of data. Their research has found important applications in the analysis of regulatory RNA with putative roles in gene silencing, and the algorithms have been used in collaborative research with leading national and international research organizations, including universities and biotechnology companies.

The postdoctoral scholars's main ob jective is threefold, namely to

1. Establish relationships with internationally acknowledged professors and institutions that will be strategically important both academically and commercially;

2. Increase the quality of their research to enable publica tion in the highest ranked international scientific journals; and

3. Establish a new research group at NTNU once the postdoctoral stay at City of Hope is over. (Note that the hospital environment of City of Hope is similar to that at NTNU's St. Olav's Ho spital.)

Internationally acknowledged laboratories combine computational and biochemical approaches to advance biomedical research. The postdoctoral scholars will develop algorithms for analysis of non-protein-coding RNA with regulatory properties. These  processes have gone unnoticed until relatively recently, but recent progress has spurred an enormous interest for these RNA molecules. 

It is anticipated that research in this area will have important consequences for our understanding of onset and prog ression of many diseases, and any results will be scrutinized with respect to their potential for improved functional genomics tools and new diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.

Outbound mobility to City of Hope's Beckman Research Institute for two postdoctoral scholars who will do research on non-protein-coding RNA.

The project is part of the IntelliSTRUCT programme organized as a cooperation between CeSOS and SINTEF Fisheries & Aquaculture. The programme aims at developing marine structures with improved capabilities with respect to environmental loading by incorpor ating new structure concepts and control theory. 

Tensegrity structures (TS) consist of bar elements (always in compression) kept in position by a network of string elements (always in tension) connected at bar nodes. The structure concept has been appli ed in architecture, civil engineering, structural engineering and aerospace engineering for nearly half a century. 

Professor Robert E. Skelton is Director of Structural Systems and Control Labaratory (SSCL) at University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and a mentor in the field of control of structures, especially with respect to space applications. He has a broad academic and industrial background from projects for NASA as the Hubble Space Telecsope and SkyLab. Professor Skelton has been visiting our g roup of researchers at CeSOS, NTNU this summer holding lectures and a workshop on future marine structures. He has become co-advisor for me during my PhD and I am now invited to UCSD for a 6,5 month research stay. 

We believe the introduction of smart st ructure concepts as tensegrity structures will have a large impact on design and technological solutions for several Norwegian industries as aquaculture, offshore, oil and gas, space industry and automation. 

Please see attached articles from Adresseavis en and Universitetsavia about Professor Skeltons visit to NTNU.

Modeling and Control of Tensegrity Structures in Marine Systems

In Norway there are now 157 golf courses and 125.000 players. In order to serve this growing sport, the Norwegian Crop Research Institute in 2003 established a center for turfgrass research at Landvik, Grimstad, and I was appointed leader of the research team. Since then, several projects have been intitated, many of them funded by the Scandinavian Turfgrass Research Foundation. One of our highest priorities is to find grass species and cultivars suitable for Norwegian climate conditions. 

Turfgrass rese arch has much stronger traditions in North America than in Europe. Probably the most successful research team is found at Penn State University. Today, the PSU turfgrass team comprises eight scientists pluss staff and graduate students. From a Norwegian p erspecive, one of the most interesting programs is D.R.Huff's world-wide collection and breeding of perennial and persistent types of Poa annua that are very tolerant to close mowing. As Poa annuas presently dominating Norwegian golf greens are mostly of the annual type, it would be a major step forward if any of Dr. Huff's material could be used in Norway. The main objective of my mission to PSU is therefore to conduct an intial on-site evaluation of winter hardiness in the top PSU selections. In Decembe r 2005 cores of naturally hardened plants from a nursery green will be taken to growth chambers and (1) incubated at 1ºC in sealed multilayer polyethylen bags to simulate ice encasement; and (2) inoculated with Microdochium nivale and covered with moist w adding to simulate snow cover, both of increasing durations. After the treatments, grass recovery will be assessed on an individual tiller basis. Besides D.R. Huff, the research will be conducted in collaboration with PSU turfgrass pathologist P.J. Landsc hoot and the Norwegian scientists A.M.& A.Tronsmo, who developed these methods. After the initial experiments at PSU, the most promising selections will be taken to Norway for further evaluation in field trials.

HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning

Det 14. Norske Fiskeernæringsseminar – Ernæringssikkerheit i norsk akvakultur

Awarded: NOK 99,999

Summary

Funding scheme:

HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics