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Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

En av de vanligste, men minst studerte, utfordringene med å bli eldre er problemer med å kommunisere. Mange eldre sliter spesielt med pragmatiske ferdigheter, som å forstå undertekst, eller tilpasse det de sier til personen de snakker med. 

La oss si at en lege må gi en alvorlig beskjed til en pasient. For å gjøre det litt lettere å takle, bruker legen vagere språk, som "kanskje" i stedet for "sannsynligvis". Mens yngre voksne ofte tar hensyn til høflighetsstrategier i måten de tolker det som blir sagt på, har eldre ofte vanskelig for å forstå når noen snakker indirekte. Mange eldre voksne har vanskelig for å forstå ikke-bokstavelig språk og kan misforstå alvorlighetsgraden av diagnosen. Dette kan påvirke beslutningen deres om behandling, noe som kan føre til utilsiktede konsekvenser. 

Siden god kommunikasjon er viktig både i viktige medisinske samtaler og i hverdagen, er det viktig at vi finner ut hva som gjør at eldre kan ha vansker med å forstå og bli forstått. RESILIENCE skal hjelpe til med denne utfordringen ved å samle data om praktiske, kognitive og språklige ferdigheter hos voksne i alderen 18-90 år over tid. Dette vil gi oss en stor mengde data om pragmatiske, kognitive og språk ferdigheter og gjøre det tilgjengelig for forskning. Med denne dataen som grunnlag har vi følgende mål: 

• Forstå hvordan praktiske evner endrer seg generelt gjennom voksenlivet. 
• Finne ut hvilke mekanismer som påvirker pragmatiske evner på forskjellige tidspunkter i livet.
 • Utvikle en teoretisk modell som forklarer hvordan pragmatiske ferdigheter endrer seg med alderen.
 • Lage algoritmer som kan forutsi hvordan pragmatiske evner vil utvikle seg for enkeltpersoner i årene som kommer. 
• Utvikle og teste et verktøy som kan måle pragmatisk helse (både pragmatiske ferdigheter og deres underliggende mekanismer), noe som kan åpne  for å iverksette tiltak. 

Dette vil gi oss muligheten til å forstå bedre hvordan folk kan utvikle pragmatisk resiliens gjennom livsløpet.

A cornerstone of human communication is our reliance on pragmatic skills to guide linguistic interactions (e.g., reasoning about others' mental states to bridge the gap between what is said and intended in conversation). However these skills are highly sensitive to age-related decline, leading to miscommunication and uninformed decision making in the older adult population. This raises an important question, one which has puzzled linguistics and psychologists for decades: if pragmatic competence is fundamental to communication, why do individuals vary so much in this capacity? 

Traditionally, psychologists have approached pragmatic competence from a cognitive angle, reasoning that individual differences in executive functions (i.e., the cognitive skills associated with goal-directed actions) are what underlie effective pragmatic behavior. In a similar vein, language scientists have taken a linguistic approach, reasoning that one’s language background (e.g., the frequency with which individuals shift between languages) shapes pragmatic skills by enhancing sensitivity to the communicative context. This focus on either cognitive or linguistic influences has resulted in two expansive yet disparate areas of research.

RESILIENCE will unite these disciplines to pursue a longstanding debate on what underlies pragmatic resilience and decline using a large-scale, interdisciplinary and longitudinal approach. By gathering data on adults' (ages 18-90) pragmatic, cognitive and language skills over multiple time points, we will develop a comprehensive theoretical model that explains how cognitive and linguistic systems interact to shape pragmatic competence as we age, and create algorithms that predict the trajectory of an individual’s pragmatic abilities in upcoming years. Based on these results we will design a multidimensional tool that detects the earliest signs of pragmatic deficits, leading to future interventions, allowing us to uncover the paths to pragmatic resilience.

Uncovering the paths to pragmatic resilience

Noen av oss tåler stressende livshendelser godt. Andre derimot utvikler vedvarende fysiske og psykiske plager som følger av stress. Hvor godt vi håndterer stress avhenger av et komplekst samspill mellom miljøfaktorer, sosiale forhold, biologisk sårbarhet og indre motstandskraft. Forskning på stressreaksjonene til dyr og pasientgrupper som til vanlig lever under mye stress viser at en gruppe signalstoffer i kroppen som aktiverer det samme hjernesystemet som cannabis – endocannabinoidene – kan begrense styrken på stressreaksjoner og bidra til at man raskere kommer seg til hektene. I dette prosjektet skal vi undersøke hvordan mestring av stress på kort og lang sikt henger sammen med nivåer av endocannabinoider i kroppen for å forstå hvorfor noen personer er mer motstandsdyktige mot stress enn andre. I den ene studien følger vi pasienter som skal gjennomgå en stressende, men veldig vanlig, situasjon: kirurgi. Her måler vi pasientenes opplevelse av stress, samt mentale og fysiske helse, fra tiden før til to år etter operasjonen og undersøker hvordan dette henger sammen med nivåene deres av endocannabinoider og andre stresshormoner. I den andre studien bruker vi data fra et eksperiment hvor deltakerne har blitt utsatt for psykososialt stress til å undersøke om endocannabinoidnivået deres påvirker hvordan de reagerer på stress, og om stresset i seg selv kan påvirke kroppens produksjon av endocannabinoider. Til syvende og sist er målet med studien å vurdere hvorvidt målinger av endocannabinoidnivåer kan brukes til å forebygge helseplager og til å evaluere behovet for økt oppfølging etter alvorlig stressende påkjenninger i livet.

In the face of major life stressors, some individuals cope well whereas others develop ill health and long-term adverse outcomes. Predicting who needs additional support in response to major life stressors is essential for targeted prevention and more efficient allocation of resources. The endocannabinoid system is emerging as a promising target for understanding vulnerability and resilience to stress. This system appears to buffer stress in two ways: by limiting the magnitude of the stress response, and by facilitating recovery after a stressful event. While the early findings are intriguing, they mainly stem from studies in rodents and small clinical groups with high stress burden. What role endocannabinoids have more globally for human resilience, health and well-being remains elusive. 

In this project we address this gap by leveraging comprehensive experimental and clinical data on two potent stress models: psychosocial stress and surgery. Drawing on these unique datasets, which combine experimental control with ecological validity, we will decipher how endocannabinoid levels influence people’s stress response and recovery across minutes, days, weeks and years. The project represents a novel directional shift for endocannabinoid research and will (i) determine the value of endocannabinoid levels as a biomarker to predict outcomes after surgery, (ii) quantify sex differences, (iii) assess endocannabinoid interplay with opioid analgesics, sex hormones and other stress markers (iv) spearhead open and reproducible science practices in endocannabinoid research, and (v) make this fine-grained and novel data available through an interactive web application. 

This project represents an ambitious effort to understand endocannabinoids’ role in stress resilience and will determine the value of endocannabinoids as a predictive biomarker and potential target for individualized treatment.

Deciphering endocannabinoid stress buffering in humans: 
Mechanistic and clinical investigations

BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Per- og polyfluorerte stoffer (PFAS) er en stor gruppe menneskeskapte kjemikalier med høyt fluorinnhold som antas å ha negative helseeffekter. Kilder til PFAS kan være produksjon av vann-, varme- og flekkbestandige produkter og disse kjemikaliene er en del av hverdagen vår. PFAS påvirkning av biologiske systemer er ikke fullstendig forstått. Noen PFAS er antatt å øke risikoen for å utvikling av ikke-alkoholisk fettleversykdom (NAFLD) og øke risikoen for diabetes. 

For å forstå hvordan PFAS påvirker organene våre ønsker vi å bruke små laboratoriedyrkede organmodeller, kalt organoider. Disse miniatyrorganene kan dyrkes fra menneskelige stamceller og tilbyr et kontrollert miljø for å studere hvordan PFAS påvirker f.eks lever og bukspyttkjertelen vår, uten bruk av dyreforsøk.

For å studere helseeffekter må vi kunne måle nivået av biomolekyler som fettstoffer i leveren og hormoner i bukspyttkjertelen. Til dette trenger vi å utvikle analytiske verktøy for å måle effektene. Først vil vi bekrefte at når leverorganoidene eksponeres for enkelte PFAS-forbindelser utvikles det NAFLD-lignende sykdom ved å sammenligne den biokjemiske profilen (proteiner og metabolitter) til organoider av lever med PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Deretter vil vi utvide den analytiske verktøykassen for å undersøke hvilke metabolske veier som påvirkes, og om effekten er den samme i NAFLD-induserte og PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Vi vil også eksponere insulinproduserende bukspyttkjertelorganoider for PFAS for å undersøke effekten av PFAS på hormonproduksjon. Når effektene av PFAS-eksponering på lever- og bukspyttkjertel-organoider er etablert, vil organoidene bli samkultivert i en chip, og effektene av PFAS-eksponering vil bli undersøkt og sammenlignet med individuelle organoider.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 1 diabetes. HE-POP aims to investigate the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), a type of POPs), on organ function in a controlled environment.

Organoids are multicellular laboratory-grown miniature organs, that are grown from stem cells. HE-POP will use organoids to examine how PFAS affects our organs and develop cutting-edge bioanalytical tools and methodology to measure these effects using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HE-POP hypothesizes that PFAS negatively affects organ function, as evidenced by changes in hormone and lipid levels characteristic of NAFLD and type 1 diabetes. 

Organoids offer a controlled environment to study the effects of PFAS on the liver and pancreas, without the use of animal models. HE-POP aims to gain evidence of the negative effects of PFAS on organ function through controlled experiments on organoids and aid in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and type 1 diabetes.

HE-POP has fundaments in UN sustainable development goals, specifically #3, #12, and #14/15, seeking an understanding of diseases with worldwide prevalence, and understanding how POPs affect our life and surroundings and help enable the right regulatory actions and replacement chemicals.

HE-POP: Studying the Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Using Mass Spectrometry, Organoids, and Organ-On-A-Chip

Rundt 7% av norske 4-åringer har så store psykiske vansker at de kvalifiserer for en diagnose, men det tar ofte lang tid fra vanskene oppstår, til de blir oppdaget og barna får rett hjelp. Myndighetene har derfor lagt tydelige føringer for at de som jobber med barn, må vite hva de skal se etter og hvordan de skal gå frem for at barna skal få den hjelpen de trenger. I Norge går over 95% av barna i barnehage hvor pedagogene blir godt kjent med barna over tid i deres naturlige miljø og har utviklingssamtaler med de foresatte 1-2 ganger i året. Barnehagen skulle derfor være en ideell arena for tidlig oppdagelse av psykiske vansker. Det har imidlertid ikke vært tilgjengelig noen tilpasset metode for de arbeidsformene og terminologi som er vanlig i barnehagene. Vi har derfor utviklet metoden Dialogbasert tidlig oppdagelse (DBTO) i nært samarbeid med pedagoger og foreldre i 8 ulike barnehager. Metoden går ut på å bruke utviklingssamtalen mer systematisk ved at både foreldre og barnehagelærer på forhånd fyller ut et spørreskjema om mulige bekymringer de har hatt for barnets utvikling og trivsel de siste månedene. I samtalen kan de så utforske og forsøke å enes om forståelsen av barnet og om det er behov for ytterligere vurdering eller andre tiltak. Tilbakemeldingene under utviklingen og tidlig utprøving tyder på at metoden fungerer godt og oppleves som et nyttig verktøy i foreldresamarbeidet. For å få tydeligere dokumentert kunnskap om hvordan DBTO fungerer i barnehagene, har vi utviklet forskningsprosjektet PRO-DIALOG. Vi ønsker med det å få kunnskap om (1) hvordan DBTO fungerer som et screening-instrument, (2) hvor brukervennlig den er, (3) hvordan den påvirker tidspunkt for igangsetting av tiltak og (4) hvordan den påvirker utviklingen av den psykiske helsen til barna over tid. 12 barnehager er plukket tilfeldig ut til å gjennomføre metoden, mens 11 skal fungere som kontroller. Foresatte til rundt 300 barn som har tre år igjen av barnehagen, vil bli spurt om å delta.

There is an unambiguous call for early interventions at the municipal level for children at risk of developing mental health problems. However, there is a surprisingly absence of socially valid methods for detecting children in need of early support.
        The aim of the project is to establish the properties of such a novel method; Dialogue Based Early Detection (DBED). We will study its properties as a mental health screener, how well it is adapted in an ordinary kindergarten context, and whether it affects activation of interventions for mental health concerns and children’s future mental health.
        The novel aspect of DBED is the systematic assessment of the child’s development and well-being by the kindergarten teacher and his/her parents, and the subsequent dialogue that aims to explore and converge their understanding of the child and conclude whether there is a need for further assessment or supportive actions.
        Parents of approximately 300 children in 23 different kindergartens aged 2-3 years will be invited to participate for the three last years before school start and follow-up the next two years. The kindergartens will be randomized to an implementation group or a control group. Parents’ socio-demographic characteristics and data from parent-teacher meetings, initiated interventions, user satisfaction, parental stress, and child mental health will be collected biannually, as well as tape recordings from interviews about user experiences of parents and teachers.
        The most critical challenges of the project will be participation rate of the invited parents in addition to attrition due to the time pressures in a busy workday in the kindergartens, and willingness of the control parents to complete the repeated questionnaires. Appropriate measures are made to take those risks into account.

Promoting mental health in young children – a sustainable dialogue based approach in kindergartens (PRO-DIALOG)

Dette prosjektet, kalt Hukommelse for musikk, fokuserer på det økende antallet mennesker over hele verden som lever med demens, spesielt Alzheimer's sykdom (AD). AD starter typisk med hukommelsesproblemer og påvirker etter hvert daglige aktiviteter. Aktive musikkintervensjoner, spesielt sang, har vist positive effekter på humør, atferd og livskvalitet for personer med demens, men deres innvirkning på kognisjon er ikke godt forstått. Prosjektet har som mål å fylle dette kunnskapsgapet ved å studere effektene av å lære nye sanger på kognitiv, atferdsmessig og hjernemessig funksjon.

Studien vil omfatte hjemmeboende voksne over 65 år med AD fra Argentina, Østerrike og Norge. Deltakerne vil gjennomgå 5 måneder med intensiv musikalsk opplæring (to ganger i uken) og 5 måneder med minimal opplæring (en gang i måneden) i tilfeldig rekkefølge, med en to måneders pause imellom. Intervensjonene inkluderer å lære nye sanger med en personlig musikklærer. Generell kognisjon vil bli målt ved bruk av Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive (ADAS-cog), og hukommelse for musikk vil bli vurdert gjennom ulike metoder, inkludert atferdsoppgaver og hjerneaktivitet (EEG). Humør vil også bli evaluert i hver økt.

Målet er å inkludere 113 deltakere for å sikre pålitelig påvisning av meningsfulle effekter. Studien vil utforske hvordan humør og hukommelse for musikk bidrar til endringer i kognitive evner, og om disse effektene varierer basert på faktorer som kjønn, alder, AD-stadium, eller tidligere musikalsk opplæring og generell utdanning. Prosjektet vektlegger samarbeid mellom forskere, tjenesteytere og brukere for å sikre studiens relevans og anvendelighet.

The number of people living with dementia is increasing and is high in low, middle, and high-income countries. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, manifests itself initially with cognitive impairment in memory domains, and later affects all activities of daily living. Active music interventions, particularly singing, can help to improve mood, behaviour problems, and quality of life. Too little is known about their effects on cognition, although some promising studies exist. The M4M project aims to fill this gap by measuring effects of learning new songs on clinical, behavioural and brain functioning. Specifically, M4M aims to examine changes in general cognitive functioning and memory for music in non-musician adults with AD undergoing intensive individual musical training based on singing novel songs, compared to minimal training.
        Home-dwelling adults with AD, 65 years or older, in 3 countries (Argentina, Austria, Norway), will receive 5 months of intensive intervention (2x/week) and 5 months of minimal intervention (1x/month), in random order, with a 2-month break in between. Interventions will entail learning new songs with an individual music teacher. At the end of each intervention period, general cognition will be measured with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-cog) by a person who is unaware of the intervention received. Memory for music will be tested with observations, behavioural tasks, and brain responses (EEG). Mood will be assessed in each session. We aim to include 113 participants; this will help us to reliably detect clinically meaningful effects. We will also examine how mood and memory for music lead to changes in cognitive abilities, and whether effects depend on sex, age, AD stage, or previous musical training or general education. M4M will be conducted in close collaboration between academic researchers, service providers, and service users to ensure relevance and applicability.

Memory for Music: Effects of individual intensive musical training based on singing in non-musicians with Alzheimer’s disease

InterNASH - An intercellular-pathway therapeutic for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på år

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på fagområde

Professor

eHelseUKA er en serie med arrangement som arrangeres 2-3. juni

Sentralt i ukas arrangement er 2 dagsseminarer innen ulike tema (Integratede care og velferdsteknologi).

eHelseUKA 2015

DSTrain is a 5-year postdoctoral programme that will award 36 postdoctoral fellowship positions of 36 months each in two calls over the programme period within the overarching frame of data science. The programme will train researchers and innovators with disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transferable skills and a foundation in data science methods enabling them to become Europe’s digital leaders across disciplines and sectors.

Data Science (DS) is a fast-growing scientific area of high importance, playing a central role in all scientific investigations, and are essential to innovation in almost all domains across society. Data Science underpins the majority of today’s technological, economic and societal feats. Increasing amounts of data offer enormous opportunities, but only to those who are able to harness them. In order to utilize these opportunities, skills and competences in data science are necessary. Such skills will play an essential role in shaping future technological developments. There is a massive interest both in the public sector and in the industry for candidates with excellent qualifications in data science combined with the ability to use these skills in cross-disciplinary projects. 

The DSTrain programme will facilitate ground-breaking research by emphasizing interaction between data science, computational science, natural sciences and technology. The programme will develop new research and educational strategies that will serve society at large. The postdoctoral fellows will be integrated in research groups across scientific disciplines where there is an urgent need for computationally skilled researchers. The research groups provide excellent research environments and supervision enabling world-class research, innovation and digital infrastructure, models for cross-disciplinary collaboration and training in research, including computational and transferable skills. The DSTrain program also includes a range of cross-sectorial secondments.

DSTrain - Data Science Postdoctoral Training Programme

iTEC SkyNex ATC platform
This project aims at evolving the iTEC platform architecture to support the virtual centre concept, by making use of state-of-the-art digital technologies and underlying architectural principles.

The platform evolution will eventually provide a consistent contribution to enhance safety, resilience and scalability of the ATM network, allowing a more flexible provision of ATM services. This technical evolution will enable the full implementation of target architecture defined in the European ATM Master Plan (Phase D) through the instantiation of concepts such as platform as a service (PaaS) ATM data service Provision and highest automation level. This project is proposing the implementation of the most architecturally significant changes defined in the iTEC V3 being already agreed by all iTEC partners.

In addition, the project will also continue the research of airspace delegation concept using Virtual Centre technologies, focusing on the delegation of the ATM services provision amongst ATSUs in a D-architecture. This work will be used as the main reference for the activities of the DEVICE project related to D architecture, requiring a strong coordination of both projects and alignment of their project plans.

iTEC SkyNex ATC platform

DemonsTrating lower pollUting soLutions for sustaInable airPorts acrosS Europe

Airports will play a major role in transition towards climate neutral aviation. Sustainable energy production and use (both airside and landside) as well as a shift towards greener multi-modal transport options will reduce GHG emissions and improve local air quality around airports. Bringing together a highly competent and complementary consortium of 29 partners supported by an external advisory board, TULIPS will accelerate the implementation of innovative and sustainable technologies towards lower emissions at airports. At Amsterdam Airport Schiphol alone, TULIPS will realise an estimated 800kT/year CO2 savings based on the sum of the expected benefits of the 17 demonstrations by 2025 with further savings scaled with technology roll out. 17 real-life demonstrations of green airport innovations (technological, non-technological and social) will be performed at the Lighthouse Schiphol, and some also at fellows Oslo, Turin and Larnaca airport. Measuring and quantifying benefits and forecasting their impact on EU climate goals should they be implemented extensively across European airports, results in hands-on robust roadmaps which present how these technologies and concepts should be deployed to different sized airports (international hubs down to regional level) considering economic, geographical, and political scenarios across Europe and beyond. Topics covered include a) improved multi-modal shift for passengers and freight, reduce traffic congestion and offer seamless green travel options, b) improved airside infrastructure for future electric/hybrid aircraft infrastructure, c) smart energy solutions to manage airport operations, d) integrating hydrogen fuel cell technology into current ground support equipment, e) enabling large scale supply of SAF fuel along with the preparation of an EU clearing house, f) circular economy, and g) UFP mitigation. 

The future of aviation will have to be focused more and more around an environmentally sustainable improvement of aviation. This proposal constitutes the SESAR2020 Consortium Members’ combined response to the SESAR-W3-2020 Solutions found under the Industrial Research and Validation activities  (IR) Topic 5–“Collaborative Management of TMA & Airport throughput” and under the Innovative Action (IA) SESAR-W3 Topic 6 “Integrated Runway Throughput and Terminal Efficiency (VLD-like)” as part of Very Large Scale Demonstrations (VLD). The call of these Topics 5 and 6 has been answered with a single, integrated proposal response. The proposal includes three Solutions:   i.  Solution PJ37-W3-01 named "Integrated Runway Throughput and Terminal Efficiency" of Topic 06	  ii. Solution PJ37-W3-02 (Complement of PJ.07-W2-39 Collaborative framework managing delay constraints on arrivals) of Topic 5, and  iii Solution PJ37-W3-03 (Complement of PJ.01-W2-08 Dynamic E-TMA for Advanced Continuous Climb and Descent Operations and       improved Arrival and Departure Operations) of Topic 5. Solution PJ37-W3-01 will conduct a number of Real-Time Simulations (RTSs) and a Live Trial on two different operational environments one for departures and another one for arrivals, to demonstrate the benefits of  the integrated TMA and runway throughput solutions; Solution PJ37-W3-02 is a complementary activity and will perform a Validation Exercise involving Local DCB (FMP), Air space Users and an Airport Operator at CDG Aerodrome, directly contributing to the Solution data pack of  Solution PJ.07-W2-39. The Solution PJ37-W3-03 will support the PJ.01-W2-08  Solution data pack via a  Live Trial of AMAN Arrival Streaming for Systemised Airspace and a Shadow Mode Trial, RTSs on 3D-Departures and Optimized Descents and a study to reduce additional airborne times. The aim is to deliver a fast track towards deployment, maximize network performance by combining solutions to facilitate greener of aviation.

INTEGRATED TMA, AIRPORT AND RUNWAY OPERATIONS

Connected and automated vehicles can be seen as a revolution in the global automotive industry, bringing a new mobility paradigm and having a huge impact on several economic sectors such as logistics industry. Significant progress has been made in the field of autonomous truck driving with numerous prototypes. However, challenges need to be addressed in order to ensure the uptake of this breakthrough technology and the future advent of an overall autonomous logistic chain. The deployment of autonomous heavy-duty vehicles is hindered by the current inabilities of these vehicles to work with the right safety and functional level for 24/7 availability (e.g. harsh weather conditions) and by the lack of harmonized regulatory framework. This project aims at developing and enabling to deploy a safe autonomous transportation systems in a wide range of real-life use cases in a variety of different scenarios. This encompasses the development of autonomous driving system (ADS) capable of handling adverse environmental conditions such as heavy rain, snowfall, fog. The ADS solution will be based on multiple sensor modalities to address 24/7 availability. The ADS will then be integrated into multiple vehicle types used in low-speed areas. Finally, these vehicles will be deployed, integrated and operated in a variety of real-life use cases to validate their value in the application and identify any limitations: forklift (un)loading in warehouses and industrial plants, hub-to-hub shuttle service on open road, automated baggage dispatching in airports, container transfer operations and vessel loading in ports. Logistics operations will be optimized thanks to a new fleet management system that will act as a control tower, gathering all information from subsystems (vehicles, road sensors, etc.) to coordinate the operations and protect vulnerable road users. This work should then enable commercial exploitation of the technology and policy recommendations for certifications processes.

All Weather Autonomous Real logistics operations and Demonstrations

The expected rapid growth in air traffic will lead to an increasing number of capacity constrained airports. Therefore airports have to improve significantly the runway and airport throughput while maintaining or increasing runway safety levels. In SESAR 2020 WAVE-1 this was mainly addressed by PJ02 with the four solutions:        PJ.02-01: Wake turbulence separation optimisation     PJ.02-02: Enhanced arrival procedures    PJ.02-03: Minimum Pair Separations based on required surveillance performance       PJ.02-08: Traffic optimisation on single and multiple runway airports  This VLD covers four solutions:  The use of aircraft type-specific pairwise separation will be used at Heathrow Airport, focusing on the runway occupancy time part of the overall TBS concept. At Vienna, the use of a wake decay enhancing device is intended to be demonstrated. There will be a demonstration at Zurich Airport of a concept known as ROCAT, which enables a reduction in the surveillance separation minimum for in-trail pairs on final approach, including a revised runway occupancy time aircraft classification. The benefits of an integrated AMAN-DMAN runway sequencer will be demonstrated at Stockholm Arlanda in shadow mode.   Together these demonstrations will collect evidence of the concept(s) within the overall time-based separation concept. As such the proposed large scale demo VLD3-W2 SORT closes the gap between the actual concept development and the deployment (or pre-industrialization) phases by demonstrating the operational and technical readiness. And by doing so de-risking the later deployment phases of  these four solutions, either in real life trials and/or shadow modes trials at major European airports, this will ensure trust in the SESAR results.

Safely Optimized Runway Throughput

The need for European airports to become more operationally efficient is fundamental as Airport Council International forecasts that passenger numbers across the continent will rise an average of 3.3% per annum to reach 3.9 billion by 2036. PJ04-W2 will develop concepts, tools and procedures to increase the predictability and resilience of airport operations, improving the punctuality of flights in a safe and environmentally sustainable manner.  The aim will be to improve airport/network integration for large and medium/regional airports, improve airport airside/landside integration, reduce the impact of MET aspects on airport operations, make  further investigations about how environmental aspects could be monitored and managed in day-to-day airport operations.     This will be achieved through increasing the coordination between Airport and the Network, validating the concept of regional connected airports. On the airport side, the project will have a focus on the airport hypervision concept, and how airport operations could be better predicted with anticipated impact, managed in a pro-active way and synchronised in various situations. This includes the development of performance and role-based dashboards as well as what-if, prediction and impact assessment tools. Here data-driven airport operations management and digital technologies are required enablers, as connected, data-based, intelligent toolboxes supporting all airport stakeholders must be developed.  To ensure that full benefits are achieved and that the expected performance improvements are realised in the context of overall ATM Network, close coordination will take place with other projects, particularly those addressing network management, airport airside and runway throughput, enhanced arrivals and departures as well as the overall integration within the programme.   

PJ04 W2 Total Airport Management

PJ20 W2 “Master Planning” project is the continuation of the SESAR2020 Wave 1 PJ20 ATM Master Plan Maintenance project (AMPLE).  Within the Single European Sky technological pillar, the European ATM Master Plan (ATM MP) is the long-term roadmap to guide and connect ATM Research and Innovation and Deployment in building the future European ATM System. The ATM MP Editions are approved by the SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU) Administrative Board and the European Commission.  They set out Performance Ambitions and a Vision for European ATM, aligned with ICAO GANP.  The ATM MP is composed of three Levels; it can be consulted in the ATM MP Public Portal www.atmmasterplan.eu.  By EU Regulation 409/2013, the ATM MP is the essential instrument allowing all European ATM civil and military stakeholders - Airspace users, Air Navigation Service providers, Airports, Network Manager, Airborne and Ground industry, SESAR Deployment Manager, Standardisation bodies and Professional Staff organisations - to share and further develop this common Vision for the future European ATM and setting forth the SESAR solutions which after successful research may be elicited to compose future Common Projects for operationally seamless and cost effective deployment.  The ATM MP needs to be a living plan, kept abreast of evolutions of the European ATM performance, progresses of the SESAR solutions research results and of deployment. The duty of SESAR2020 PJ20 W2 Master Planning like its predecessor in SESAR2020 Wave 1, is to ensure the maintenance, update and alignment of the ATM MP three Levels as a Common Support Activity of the SESAR2020 Programme.  Under the leadership of EUROCONTROL, through facilitated access to information rich performance based civil-military ATM data, PJ20 will bring together contributions of 24 SESAR2020 members, ensuring the broad ATM representativeness required from air navigation service providers, airports, airborne and ground industry and Network Manager.

PJ.20 W2 Master Planning

PJ.05-W2 Digital technologies for Tower - SESAR-IR-VLD-WAVE2-05-2019 deals with two Solutions: Solution 35: "Multiple Remote Tower and Remote Tower centre" and with solution 97: "HMI Interaction modes for Airport Tower". 14 SESAR members (in sum 31 legal beneficiaries) showed interest in these solutions. For solution 35 cost-effectiveness is the principal key performance area (KPA). It proposes the development of a remotely provided aerodrome air traffic service by a "multiple" and/or "center" setting. Those settings help to combine ATS services from various aerodromes in a centralized control room  independent on airport location in order to make use of the valuable resource ATS provider more efficiently. In the end, the passengers will benefit from by a better passenger comfort in terms of shorter travel times and better point to point connections. PJ05 will bring the multiple/center concept to such a matured level ready for industrialization.  PJ05-Solution 97 aims to validate, in different Airport operating environments, innovative HMI modes and associated technologies. Those solutions are expected to positively contribute to the Safety and HP KPAs with reduced Controllers’ head down time and workload, as well as increased situation awareness and controllers' productivity. The PJ05-W2 DTT attracted plenty of European organisations to participate: ANSPs, industries, R&D and airport stakeholder intends to provide their specific competences to broaden the operational needs and technological expertises. The PJ05 variety of partners and validation activities will help to adequately reflect the variety of operational needs and technical solutions which in the end of the project will consolidate into a harmonized and widely accepted SESAR2020 PJ05 solution. The complete work is structured in a very collaborative way throughout all work packages and will ensure the transfer of knowledge and know-how between all participants and external to SESAR2020 projects. 

PJ05-W2 Digital Technologies for Tower

To improve the efficiency and resilience of arrival and departure operations at capacity constrained airports and access to secondary airports, the project will addresses human, technical, procedural and performance aspects of the following proposed improvements:  •	Advanced geometric GNSS based procedures in the TMA The project will enhance TMA efficiency using more GNSS and advanced PBN curved for arrival and departure operations. Development of new support tools for ATC and airspace design concepts will enable greater usage of CDO. •	Evolution of separation minima for increased runway throughput The project will refine separation minima as a function of the operational conditions. The most constraining minima (wake, runway occupancy,...) to be applied will be determined and ATCO support tool further developed for better separations delivery including separation delegation to the flight crew. •	Improved access to secondary airports The project will enhance availability and accessibility of airports with limited infrastructure in low visibility conditions. Alternative Ground Surveillance will increase runway safety and will include both ATC and A-FIS requirements as a more cost-efficient and flexible ATS provision. From an airborne perspective, Enhanced Flight Vision System and Synthetic Vision Guidance System, Combined Vision System and LPV-100 capability will enable approach and landing. •	Digital evolution of integrated surface management The extension of the A-SMGCS routing functions will improve tactical conflict management in the taxi phase. Optimised Routing and planning will deliver more accurate taxi times, improve predictability, minimize delays and ATCO's workload. Automation, A-CDM and Datalink will support conflict management. •	Safety support tools for avoiding runway excursions The project will aim to detect, prevent and alert on risks of runway excursions by synchronising air-ground information exchange about runway surface condition.

Airport airside and runway throughput

The PJ07-W2 Optimised Airspace Users Operations (OAUO) aims at defining and validating improved Airspace Users processes and tools related to their interaction with the ATM Network Operations in SESAR 2020. The current ATM environment based on static flight plans is evolving through SESAR towards Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) in order to improve Airports and ATM Network performance.  PJ07-W2 shall develop and validate the following three SESAR Solutions: •	Solution PJ.07-W2-38 Enhanced integration of AU trajectory definition and network management processes •	Solution PJ.07-W2-39 Collaborative framework managing delay constraints on arrivals •	Solution PJ.07-W2-40 Mission trajectories management with integrated Dynamic Mobile Areas (DMA) Type 1 and Type 2  PJ07-W2 addresses the following objectives: •	develop requirements and validate procedures and workflows for Flight/Wing Operations Centre to interact with ATM stakeholders and especially with the Network Management Function (NMF), with regard to trajectory definition, and to ensure continuity in the Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) process throughout the trajectory life-cycle •	smoothly integrate AU Priorities and Preferences in collaborative processes at Airports and in Network Demand Capacity Balancing (DCB) processes, allowing those processes to perform multi-criteria optimization tasks involving many stakeholders •	develop high level of automation to reduce the need for Airspace Users and flow managers to intervene through intensive coordination, which is critical for integrated processes to work on an operational scale •	improve the interoperability between AUs and the NMF Operations •	allow AU Flight Operations to provide the ATM NMF with the most accurate input on the true demand at any time (at planning phase) •	get from NMF an improved, harmonised picture of the ATM constraints for evaluating their impact on operations •	refine and validate the Mission Trajectory and the DMA concepts

SESAR2020 PJ07-W2 OAUO Optimised Airspace Users Operations

In order to meet the forecast traffic growth, and in particular to address the performance issues encountered in summer 2018, PJ01-W2 will develop concepts, tools and procedures to increase the capacity of Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMAs) in a safe, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable manner. This will be achieved by taking advantage of the latest technological developments from both an airborne and a ground-system perspective and through the secure sharing of data. The needs of all Airspace Users will be addressed including Rotorcraft.  The aim will be to improve the capacity whilst exploiting the environmental benefits achieved from Continuous Climb Operations (CCO), Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) and improved arrival sequencing. A focus will be to minimise delays and improve resilience and predictability for capacity-constrained high-density/complexity TMAs. This will be achieved by enhancing arrival and departure management by the dynamic use of precision navigation routes and optimised profiles. Traffic flows will be optimised by improving the integration of the management of departures with arrivals, including extended Arrival Manager (AMAN) and ground holding from in-horizon departures, and by improving the capability to balance traffic demand and available capacity across the network and airports.  The use of procedures and technologies to improve integration of rotorcraft operations within TMAs, and interoperability with General Aviation (GA), drones and Remotely-Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), will be addressed which will also provide increased resilience in poor weather.  To ensure that the full benefits are achieved and that the expected performance improvements are realised in the context of the overall ATM network, close co-ordination will take place with other projects, particularly those addressing airport management, network management, trajectory and separation management and the overall content integration within the programme.

PJ01 Wave 2 Enhanced Arrivals and Departures

There are periods during the day when variation in aircraft arrival times combine to exceed the capacity of the destination airport to handle them without incurring airborne delay. Such delay causes increased emissions and noise in the vicinity of the airport, as well as increasing the aircraft operator’s fuel costs. Greater congestion increases the air traffic control workload and can result in less efficient aircraft profiles. To reduce airborne delays near the destination airport and the associated negative effects, two concepts can be used. One is to adjust an aircraft’s departure time by holding it on the ground so that its arrival time avoids the predicted peak in arriving traffic. Other methods involve trajectory extension or slowing down an aircraft in flight. This requires the arrival sequence to be calculated earlier than in current operations so that action can be taken early enough to have a meaningful effect. The XSTREAM project will demonstrate the benefits gained through this latter concept. These methods can be used in combination with the former concept, traditionally regarded as a network management action, but refined through the use of arrival management tools. The project will demonstrate the use of arrival management techniques for pre-departure aircraft, the calculation, updating and passing of arrival management actions for airborne aircraft such as target time, time-to-lose/gain, or speed advisory from the destination arrival management system to upstream control units, and the impact of multiple arrival constraints within an Upper Airspace Control unit. The operational demonstrations will be performed upon aircraft arriving at Paris CDG and Orly, London Heathrow and Gatwick, and Zurich. These optimized arrivals will be supported by several en-route Control units, which also will demonstrate how ‘multiple arrival constraints’ can be handled. The project will demonstrate the use of SWIM and remain aligned with engineering standardization work

Cross Border SESAR Trials for Enhanced Arrival Management

 Why ? : Airport Operations Management in SESAR1 promoted enhanced situational awareness via the Airport Operations Plan (AOP) whilst reinforcing the collaborative decision making process through the Airport Operations Centre (APOC).  Validation activities stressed the need to further develop the Performance Monitoring and Management services promoting the evolution from a reactive (“firefighting”) approach toward one of pro-active collaborative decision making.  Impact : Includes the evolution toward a “performance-driven” airport through holistic monitoring of demand and capacity.  Decision making will be based on more reliable information with enhanced decision impact assessment.  Expected is an increase in the predictability, flexibility and efficiency of airport operations as well as increased resilience through shorter recovery to normal operations.   Focus : PJ04  is articulated around two ‘SESAR Solutions’, emphasising  all of the key airport processes. Integration of airports into the ATM network will be addressed through sharing information in a timely manner between the Network Operations Plan and the individual AOPs using SWIM technology.   Who ?: PJ04 unites key European aviation industry partners combining the right expertise to address these challenges and to drive deployment of  validated improvements.  Benefits : As clients of airport services, airlines will  benefit from enhanced operational efficiency. For passengers, benefits will be tangible. Information available will be of high quality and the more efficient use of airport resources will lead to enhanced service quality.  EU Strategic :  PJ04 will focus on  a range of different airport complexity levels developing scalable and cost-effective solutions, optimising both the local benefits and those for the European network. Societal concerns will be addressed by ensuring that environmental mitigation measures and impact are included in the airport performance "trade off".

IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon

eHelseUKA 2015

Awarded: NOK 49,441

Summary

Funding scheme:

IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics