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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Effekter av tørke og økte temperaturer på boreale skogøkosystemer i Norge

Midlene fra KLIMAFORSK-Stort program klima fordelt på år

Midlene fra KLIMAFORSK-Stort program klima fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra KLIMAFORSK-Stort program klima fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Climate change can pose major challenges for Norwegian forests. Rising temperatures and a longer growing season can increase tree growth and productivity however, a more variable climate will mean that trees experience more frequent and extreme periods of drought, late spring frosts, heat waves and pathogens. Worryingly, we know very little about how our forests respond to these changes. 
To better understand how Norwegian forests respond to the warming climate, we need to monitor how individual trees react to changes in temperature and water availability in real-time.  To do this, we will establish a long-term forest monitoring and research network on spruce forests across Norway. We will attach dendrometers to trees all over the country to measure tree growth and monitor drought stress. A dendrometer is a measuring device that is fixed around the tree and measures small changes in the diameter of the tree trunk as water availability, weather and other factors change throughout the day and season. 
 Tree growth and climate data collected every 30 minutes from the monitoring sites, together with mapping data from drones and satellites, will enable us to create tools that automatically interpret changes in the spruce's health, growth and drought stress. The result is a near-real-time insight into what is happening in Norway’s forests. 
This real time tree information will be made publicly available through a website where the user can navigate on a map and follow spruce's growth and water intake "minute by minute", providing important information for researchers, forest managers and other decision-makers. In the short term, this can be used to predict risk of bark beetle attack or where it is necessary to thin to give more water to remaining trees. In the longer term, it will teach us which areas the trees cope well even in dry periods, or if the forest owner should invest in tree species that tolerate water shortages better.

The boreal zone is warming twice as fast as the global average due to climate change, but the ways in which forest ecosystems are responding to these rapidly changing conditions is poorly understood. On one hand, increases in mean temperatures and growing season length are expected to increase boreal forest growth and productivity. On the other hand, increased climate variability and extremes such as drought, late spring frosts, heat waves and pathogens have the potential to counteract such positive impacts of warming. 

The aim of PREDICT is to establish a state-of-the-art, long-term forest monitoring and research network for Norway. We will concentrate on spruce-dominated forests and on covering the climatical gradients of such ecosystems in Norway. At the core of this project is the creation of BorealNet, where autonomous, high frequency dendrometers will be installed at key sites across Norway, generating high temporal resolution datasets of tree growth, health, and tree water dynamics. Long-term trends as well as fine scale feedbacks between tree growth, climate, water balance and soil will be investigated to provide a mechanistic understanding and fill information gaps in the key drivers of spruce forest health. We will link individual tree growth data to entire landscapes through remotely sensed vegetation and climate data and in turn, the high-quality and long-term growth data sets obtained from BorealNet will form the basis of ground truthing and validation for remote sensing models and algorithms. Ultimately, we will create online-tools to automatically interpret stem radius fluctuations in terms of tree water deficit, wood growth and related indicators for forest ecosystem carbon sink and drought stress providing a wholistic and near-real time insight into forest ecosystem responses to climate change across Norway. This information will be made publicly available and will greatly benefit researchers, forest managers and other decision makers.

Predicting the impact of drought and increased temperatures on boreal forest ecosystems in Norway

Et hovedformål med NAVIGATE er å bidra med systematisk kunnskap om konsekvensene av diskriminering for minoriteters valg og muligheter i det norske arbeidsmarkedet. Diskriminering bryter med de mest grunnleggende verdiene i moderne samfunn. Selv i egalitære velferdsstater som Norge, vet vi at etniske minoriteter utsettes for diskriminering. Det vi derimot ikke vet så mye om, er hvordan minoriteter responderer på og håndterer denne realiteten. 

Det er tre overordnede spørsmål som skal besvares i prosjektet: 
•  Påvirker forventninger om diskriminering hvor minoriteter søker på jobb og hvordan de fremstiller seg selv i jobbsøkingen? 
•  Erfarer minoriteter diskriminering etter de har sikret seg jobb, og om tilfelle, hvordan håndteres slike erfaringer? 
•  Hva er konsekvensene av jobbsøkeres og ansattes strategier for å håndtere diskriminering? 

Prosjektet er organisert i tre arbeidspakker som skal undersøke selvseleksjonsprosesser over hele karriereløpet. Med utgangspunkt i eksperimentelle og kvalitative data, fokuserer vi i den første arbeidspakken på selve jobbsøkerfasen, og utforsker forholdet mellom synlige forskjeller (hudfarge, religiøse plagg) og hvilke strategier minoriteter bruker for å unngå diskriminering. Med utgangspunkt i kvantitative data, fokuserer den andre arbeidspakken på overgangen mellom høyere utdanning og arbeidsmarkedet, og undersøker om det å bytte til et norskklingende navn spiller en rolle for minoriteters arbeidsmarkedsutfall. Den siste arbeidspakken bygger på både kvalitative og kvantitative data og fokuserer på konsekvensene av erfaringer med diskriminering i en arbeidsmarkedskontekst. Foreløpige funn tyder på at selv om få jobbsøkere forteller om erfaringer med diskriminering, benytter de ulike de- stigmatiserings strategier for å unngå diskriminering i jobbsøkfasen. Informantene skjuler og nedtoner etniske og rasiale markører i et forsøk på å få en fot innenfor arbeidsmarkedet. 

I løpet av 2023 har vi lagt til rette for en kunnskapsbasert dialog med aktører som Antirasistisk senter og JobbX. Vi har også formidlet foreløpige funn til Integrerings- og mangfoldsdirektoratet (IMDi), og i nettverk som Big Enough Global.

Discrimination runs against the most fundamental values of modern societies. Even in egalitarian welfare states such as Norway, there is ample evidence of discrimination against ethnic minorities in hiring processes. However, there is an acute lack of knowledge about how ethnic minorities respond to and navigate this reality. To what extent do they self-select into particular segments of the labor market to avoid discrimination? Do they downplay racial and ethnic cues when applying for jobs, and how do they adapt to anticipated discrimination once they have secured a job? To the extent that ethnic minority job seekers and employees attempt to cope with (the prospect of) discrimination, does it matter for their labor market outcomes? This project is the first of its kind to investigate processes of self-selection among immigrants and their descendants in a European context, the potential negative consequences of self-selection in terms of minorities’ self-worth, and the potential rewards of self-selection in terms of their labor market outcomes. 

An interdisciplinary team of sociologists, social psychologists and economist will through an innovative combination of methodological approaches analyze self-selection processes at different stages of minorities’ career trajectories.The project is organized in three work packages (WPs). Deploying qualitative and experimental data, WP1 focus on the job search phase, and explore the relationship between minorities physical appearance and what type of de-stigmatization strategies they deploy to avoid hiring discrimination. Using quantitative data, WP2 focus on the transition between education and work, and explore if de-stigmatization strategies, such as changing to a Norwegian sounding surname, matter for minorities labor market outcomes. Deploying qualitative and quantitative data, WP3 focus on the strategies ethnic minorities apply to navigate discrimination and subtle exclusion in the labor market.

Downplaying difference? How ethnic minorities navigate discrimination in Norway

Det er et politisk mål å øke innvandrerkvinners deltakelse i arbeidsliv og samfunn. Det er dermed viktig å samle kunnskap om hvilke faktorer som hemmer eller fremmer arbeidsdeltagelse. Kunnskapen fra dette prosjektet kan bidra til å styrke arbeidet med å øke sysselsettingsgraden blant innvandrerkvinner.

Kunnskapsoppsummeringen skal sammenstille og vurdere forskning om innvandrerkvinners tilknytning til arbeidslivet, med særlig henblikk på forholdet mellom stønadssystemet og arbeidsdeltagelse. Kunnskapsoppsummeringen skal ta utgangspunkt i fire overordnede spørsmål, og presentasjonen av resultatene vil være strukturert rundt disse: (1) Hva sier eksisterende forskning fra Norge, og Norden og eventuelt andre relevante land de siste fem år? (2) Hva sier forskningen om konsekvensene av det man vet? (3) Kan det identifiseres noen ubesvarte forskningsspørsmål? (4) Hvilke områder/tema/problemstillinger er behandlet? 


Vi vil avgrense litteraturgjennomgangen når det gjelder
- Avgrensning av populasjon. Vi ser på nyankomne flyktninger, familiegjenforente både utenfor og fra land i EØS-området, lengeboende innvandrere fra land utenfor EØS-området, og etterkommere av innvandrere.
- Geografisk avgrensning. Vi skal først og fremst oppsummere forskningen fra Norden, men vil også inkludere internasjonal forskning der det er relevant.
- Tematisk avgrensning. Det er flere sammensatte forhold som kan virke inn på innvandrerkvinners sysselsetting. For å skille mellom ulike faktorer, oppfatter vi det som hensiktsmessig å operere med tre overordnede spørsmål: Hva vet vi om systemfaktorer?, Hvilken effekt har stønad og arbeidsrettede tiltak?, og Hvilken effekt har tiltak fra arbeidsgiver?

Notatet vil ha en kompakt form (maks 40 sider). Siden målgruppen også vil være ansatte i forvaltningen og andre som er interessert i politikkutformingen på området, vil det bli lagt vekt på å formidle forskningsresultater og funn på en strukturert, oversiktlig og tilgjengelig måte.

0 antall prosjekter

VAM-Velferd, arbeid og migrasjon

Downplaying difference? How ethnic minorities navigate discrimination in Norway

Tildelt: kr 13,4 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2021-2025

Sted: Oslo

VAM-Velferd, arbeid og migrasjon

Innvandrerkvinners tilknytning til arbeidsmarkedet

Tildelt: kr 0,27 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2015-2015

Sted: Oslo