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Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

Locating Intergenerational Ties, rematriating late-19th-century unpublished photographs of Sámi Women and Children

Employing a decolonial approach inspired by critical museology and Indigenous studies, LIT aims to initiate a visual restitution/rematriation process fostering attention to Sámi people’s experiences during colonial encounters, and to illuminate individual life-stories of women and children photographed by Italian anthropologists Mantegazza and Sommier between 1879 and 1886. It wishes to generate dialogical knowledge of unpublished visual/written materials, enabling Sámi communities of interest to gain access to these scholars’ photographs. In complex socio-historical Indigenous/settler contexts such as Sápmi (the Sámi homeland), Sámi people’s control over their own heritage has proved essential to processes of cultural and ethnopolitical self-determination. Part of the Sámi visual heritage consists of photographs taken - often through mild violence and coercion - by academics engaged in physical anthropological practices involving Sámi individuals of all ages and genders. The resulting academic and divulgative publications circulated in Europe for decades, shaping and reinforcing stereotypes of Sámi peoples and cultures. Photos taken in colonial encounters by late-19th/early-20th century scholars to visualize Sámi people’s supposed biological-cultural inferiority (until a few decades ago inaccessible to the Sámi) have become important means of decolonization and empowerment through art and activism. The visual restitution of such photographs is of the utmost importance not only from a cultural heritage perspective but is also considered by Sámi institutions and individuals as an urgent necessity. LIT proposes an innovative approach based on the co-construction of knowledge and with a gender dimension. I shall reconstruct life stories of women and children photographed by Italian ethnologists, locating their descendants and returning their photographs to their communities. LIT would benefit my career, making me a leading researcher in Sami Studies and museology.

CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

POWERING ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO DRIVE THE CLIMATE TRANSITION

PACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together in sustainable ways. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.
Therefore, PACESETTERS will set out to:
-Create knowledge from collaborative research to keep pace with the transition
-Propose and test creative business models to set the pace of the transition
-Assess strategies of valorisation to push the pace of the transition
 
This approach will identify and analyse advanced practices that run transversally across the cultural and creative sectors; contextualise the outcomes of co-research in real-world laboratories for social imagination; further develop and promote the preliminary results of experiments in iterative support and evaluation frames. The PACESETTERS approach centres on inclusion, participation and iteration in order ensure that gender equity and diversity inform it at every step and on every level.

The result will be a critical evaluation and all-encompassing demonstration of the actual potentials of the CCIs to drive the climate transition while systematically analysing their impact on micro-, meso- and macro-level:
-Understanding the climate transition as a triple transition: green, digital and inclusive
-Innovating aPACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.

Smart and Sustainable Host UniverCities: leveraging city-university interactions to further the twin green and digital transition

SUNSET aims to develop innovative research and training capacity around city-university interactions driving the EU’s green and digital transition. This twin transition is a defining element of the current EU policy agenda towards achieving climate neutrality and sustainable growth. The European Commission considers cities to be frontrunners in this transition agenda, but their transformational capacity and resilience crucially depends on the presence of agile and high-performing urban innovation ecosystems. SUNSET brings together (1) prominent researchers working in diverse geographical and disciplinary settings at leading universities (N=6) with (2) partners (N=16) from city governments (often participating in the Cities Mission to achieve climate neutrality by 2030), innovation companies, research institutes and civil society organizations to analyze and foster the performance of these urban innovation ecosystems: drawing on a purposeful range of interdisciplinary, international, and intersectoral exchanges, the Doctoral Network will investigate whether and how universities can successfully become key drivers of the twin transition in cities via their role as innovation partners, the implementation of campus living labs, and as architects of decision-making in governance ecosystems. Through a tailored combination of network-wide training events and academic and non-academic secondments, the SUNSET Doctoral Network will train a new generation of researchers to become future urban innovation ecosystem leaders in the pursuit of the twin green and digital transition. The findings will lead to practical guidelines regarding the design and implementation of living labs for university and city management, tailored strategies to foster more inclusive and diverse urban ecosystems, and diverse forms of scientific outreach and dissemination.

Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


EXPRESS 2 SPECIFY AND PROTECT THE EU SOCIAL CONTRACT (EXPRESS2)

EXPRESS2 is a project that addresses from a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and cross-sectional perspective, the growing demand for a new, more democratic, inclusive, and sustainable social contract in the EU. To achieve this, the project will work to create a more appealing and legitimate EU social contract draft that will be submitted to inhabitants, Member States and EU institutions that will have the possibility to participate and decide upon the conditions, rights, and obligations to be binding. The goal is to strengthen the EU agreement of association by promoting social dialogue, civic engagement, and integration. An express draft shall be achieved by means of policy dialogue, campaign implementation, collaborative workshops, advocacy planning, and innovative offline and online formats and tools to create spaces for dialogue. To this end, EXPRESS2 will involve EU policymakers and institutions throughout the project to obtain a more appealing and legitimate EU social contract draft. 
The project will also focus on identifying and analyzing disruptive elements of the social contract, such as insecurity, populism, climate change, mistrust in institutions, gender discrimination, digitalisation and pandemics. The analysis of these stressors includes both individualised and cross-sectional approaches to cover the plausible relation of multiple disruptors, their concatenation or the “trigger” effect of a disruptive phenomenon to another. By understanding these disruptive elements and their effects on the social contract, the project will propose concrete measures to ironclad the social contract and it will provide relevant information to protect it from actual and potential disruptions thus we conceive social contracts as incomplete theorised agreements and living documents. In addition to academic, policy, and socio-economic outcomes, EXPRESS2 will propose recommendations to strengthen the social contract's resilience and capacity for further development.


Mapping of Longitudinal data of Inequalities in Education

The MapIE project aims to identify mechanisms causing educational inequalities and policies or interventions compensating for them. We do a systematic review of how these have been studied internationally using longitudinal designs. We map existing longitudinal data that we describe in a public metadata database, and we analyse them to describe the mechanisms of inequalities and to identify effective policies and interventions in different local contexts. We focus on the contextual differences between the Nordic and Central European countries that have structurally different education systems. Within national contexts and using comparative research designs, we look at system-, regional- and school-level policies and practices and individual-level factors (e.g. socioeconomic status, immigrant background, gender, special educational needs) that are associated with the development of educational inequalities and the successful prevention of achievement gaps. We publish and disseminate the empirical results of the project through multiple channels to scientific audiences, policy makers and the wider public. At the end, we create a public framework for studying educational inequalities longitudinally in future studies, acknowledging the role of local contexts but aiming for comparability at the European level. 

We implement the project in seven work packages. Our consortium consists of internationally acknowledged experts in large-scale educational assessment research from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Hungary and Luxembourg/Germany. The partners have a long-standing history of collaboration with each other, European researchers, and national and international education policy makers, and they bring extensive longitudinal datasets to the project. The project will considerably strengthen the knowledge base of what shapes educational outcomes over time, how to best support the learning of all students and how to reduce education inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

Contextualized pathways to reduce housing inequalities in the green and digital transition.

The project Reducing housing inequalities in the green and digital transition (ReHousIn) is committed to better understand the impacts of recent crises on housing inequalities across different European regions, especially with regard to the implementation of the green transition launched by the EU. The overall aim is to explore the mechanisms affecting the (re)production of housing inequalities under recent crisis conditions, and the impacts of the EU induced green transition in different national contexts and along different degrees of urbanisation. Based on a contextualized and comparative understanding of the mechanisms (re)producing housing inequalities, ReHousIn inquiries into multi-level pathways and inclusive local housing initiatives to spark innovative EU, national and local policy solutions towards inclusionary and quality housing, mitigating the possible negative impacts of the EU induced green transition. It conducts a comparative, multi-level analysis in 9 European countries – Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom – focusing on attractive metropolitan regions, middle-sized cities and rural areas by means of a mixed-method project design. A quantitative data analysis on recent trends in housing inequalities and their relation to crises across different levels of urbanization will provide the framework for 27 local cases studies in which the impact of multi-level trajectories of housing-system, welfare regimes and environmental policy instrumentations on the (re)production of local housing inequalities and the emergence of inclusive housing initiatives are analyzed. Based on this, ReHousIn compares mechanisms of differentiation feeding into policy labs, aiming to formulate recommendations on how to tackle negative social externalities related the EU green transition at EU, national and local levels.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

Midlene fra FORINFRA-Nasj.sats. forskn.infrastrukt fordelt på år

Midlene fra FORINFRA-Nasj.sats. forskn.infrastrukt fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FORINFRA-Nasj.sats. forskn.infrastrukt fordelt på fagområde

Forsker

Surfaces and interfaces are essential parts of all functional materials, determining their physical and chemical properties to a large extent. Knowledge about structure-composition-function relationships is the most important navigation tool in the develo pment of next generation materials within all strategically important research arenas in Norway and internationally. 
  
The present initiative constitutes a coordinated effort by the three nationally leading groups within advanced mass spectrometry- and  electron spectroscopy of solid surfaces and interfaces: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NTNU and UiO. These partners have electron spectroscopy- and mass spectrometry (including management, method development, drift and advanced materials characterization ) as a well-documented core generic competence.  

Existing infrastructure does not meet the scientific and technological demands faced in several important strategic research areas in Norway e.g. driven by the miniaturization of electronic components, th e progress in nanotechnology, the focus on energy-climate materials, challenges in chemistry and catalysis and new possibilities in life sciences. These demands are even expected to significantly grow in the forthcoming 5-10 years. 

The applicants theref ore propose a new infrastructure that is integrated with and enhance the existing infrastructure and competence to meet these challenges. The new infrastructure will comprise four instruments at two locations (Trondheim and Oslo). Two of these will be ele ctron spectroscopy instruments (XPS), and two will be mass spectrometry: ToF-SIMS and LEIS combined with chemical surface characterisation (TAP).

Besides providing a centre of excellence in its own right, the infrastructure will provide an essential gene ric resource over a wide range of strategic research areas,  being of vital importance to present- and future industrial development in Norway.

National Surface and Interface Characterisation Laboratory

I oktober 2018 avslørte et samarbeid mellom journalister kjent som CORRECTIV den største europeiske skattesvindelen noensinne. Investorer utnyttet smutthull i kildeskatt på aksjeutbytte (KpA) som tillot dem å unngå skatt, eller til og med å motta refusjoner som overstiger skattebetalinger. Tre ordninger er på spill kjent som cum-cum, cum-ex og cum-fake. Cum-Cum-ordningen lar investorer få refundert KpA-betalinger, når de ikke burde. Cum-Ex-ordningen lar investorer få refundert to ganger, for en skatt som bare betales en gang. Cum-Fake-ordningen lar investorer få refundert en skatt som aldri ble betalt. Vi refererer til disse ordningene samlet som cum-ordninger. Inntektstapet i Europa er ennå ikke kjent, men anslag antyder at skaden overstiger 200 milliarder euro. Til tross for grundig rapportering fra journalister, er det fortsatt mange hull i vår kunnskap som best kan besvares av akademiske økonomer spesialisert på økonometri og beskatning.
TAXLOOP har så langt bidratt til vår forståelse som følger. Et av landene som er hardt rammet av cum-ordningene, er Danmark. Danmark innførte en reform i 2016 som tar sikte på å lukke alle smutthull på en gang. TAXLOOP har analysert konsekvensene av denne reformen ved å sammenligne Danmark med sine nordiske naboer (som så langt ikke har forsøkt å lukke smutthullene). Analysen vår bruker det faktum at de fleste cum-ordninger bruker sikkerhetslånemarkedene der aksjer lånes fra en part til en annen. Hvis mange investorer er engasjert i cum-ordninger, øker antallet aksjer på lån kraftig rundt utbyttebetalinger. Før 2016 er disse toppene vanlige i alle nordiske finansmarkeder. Etter 2016 forsvinner handelsmønsteret i Danmark, men vedvarer i de andre nordiske landene. Vi ser også på bredere økonomiske konsekvenser, og finner at årlige KpA-inntekter i Danmark økte med omtrent 130% eller 1,3 milliarder USD som et resultat av reformen deres. Disse tallene antyder at cum-ordningene har vært enda mer kostbare for den danske regjeringen enn det som ble avdekket av journalister i CORRECTIV. Noen beslutningstakere frykter at lukking av smutthullene vil påvirke investeringsklimaet negativt. Vi finner ikke bevis for dette i Danmark.
TAXLOOP har analysert handelsmønstre i 16 europeiske land. I begynnelsen av vår prøveperiode (2010) finner vi at det karakteristiske tegnet på cum-ordningenes handel, skarpe topper i aksjer på lån rundt utbyttebetalingsdager, er til stede i alle europeiske finansmarkeder. Toppene er størst i Tyskland, der de utgjør 10 prosent av omsatte aksjer i gjennomsnitt. I andre land varierer toppene mellom 1-6 prosent av omsatte aksjer. Toppene i Tyskland og Danmark forsvinner etter 2016. Dette er i tråd med inngrep fra beslutningstakere i begge landene samme år. Handelsmønsteret fortsetter å være til stede i andre europeiske land frem til slutten av vår prøveperiode (2019).
TAXLOOP zoomer videre inn på Tyskland for å bedre forstå hvilke cum-ordninger som er mest relevante. Her tilbyr Tyskland en ideell case-studie, siden de introduserte en reform i 2013 som bare rettet seg mot cum-ex-handel, og en reform i 2016 som rettet seg mot cum-cum-handel. Vi finner at maksimalt 15 prosent av cum-ordningenes handel kan forklares med cum-ex, mens de andre 85 prosentene forklares med cum-cum.

Samlet sett finner TAXLOOP at både den danske og den tyske tilnærmingen tilbyr levedyktige veier for regjeringer til sterkt å redusere handel relatert til cum-ordninger. Resultatet er en betydelig økning i skatteinntektene, uten bevis for negative effekter på investeringsklimaet.

In October 2018 a cooperation between European journalists known as CORRECTIV uncovered the largest ever European tax fraud in the cum-ex files. Cum-ex, and related strategies known as cum-cum and cum-fake (henceforth cum-schemes) are schemes that allow investors to avoid paying the dividend-withholding tax (DWT), or to receive excessive tax reimbursements. The revenue loss in Europe is not yet known, but estimates suggest the damage exceeds €100 billion. Despite diligent reporting by journalists, there remain many gaps in our knowledge that can best be answered by academic economists trained in econometrics and optimal taxation. TAXLOOP will collect and analyze a financial and regulatory database for at least 17 European countries that gives an overview of the current state of DWT. We will use the data to find out which countries have been affected by the fraud and how much revenue is lost. TAXLOOP will also provide policy advice on how to design the DWT to make it more robust against tax avoidance. Finally, we will take a step back and reevaluate what role the DWT should play in the overall tax system. The tools we use in our analysis are econometrics, machine learning and optimal taxation. TAXLOOP will contribute to existing knowledge by being the first to provide a European-wide analysis of the impact of the cum-schemes, and by empirically evaluating the regulations that make a country vulnerable to them. We also provide the first optimal DWT-model that will allow policy makers to better design their DWT.

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FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Redesigning the Dividend Withholding Tax & Closing the Loopholes

Tildelt: kr 7,7 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2020-2025

Sted: Vestland