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Grunnforskning

Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

POWERING ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO DRIVE THE CLIMATE TRANSITION

PACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together in sustainable ways. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.
Therefore, PACESETTERS will set out to:
-Create knowledge from collaborative research to keep pace with the transition
-Propose and test creative business models to set the pace of the transition
-Assess strategies of valorisation to push the pace of the transition
 
This approach will identify and analyse advanced practices that run transversally across the cultural and creative sectors; contextualise the outcomes of co-research in real-world laboratories for social imagination; further develop and promote the preliminary results of experiments in iterative support and evaluation frames. The PACESETTERS approach centres on inclusion, participation and iteration in order ensure that gender equity and diversity inform it at every step and on every level.

The result will be a critical evaluation and all-encompassing demonstration of the actual potentials of the CCIs to drive the climate transition while systematically analysing their impact on micro-, meso- and macro-level:
-Understanding the climate transition as a triple transition: green, digital and inclusive
-Innovating aPACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Mapping of Longitudinal data of Inequalities in Education

The MapIE project aims to identify mechanisms causing educational inequalities and policies or interventions compensating for them. We do a systematic review of how these have been studied internationally using longitudinal designs. We map existing longitudinal data that we describe in a public metadata database, and we analyse them to describe the mechanisms of inequalities and to identify effective policies and interventions in different local contexts. We focus on the contextual differences between the Nordic and Central European countries that have structurally different education systems. Within national contexts and using comparative research designs, we look at system-, regional- and school-level policies and practices and individual-level factors (e.g. socioeconomic status, immigrant background, gender, special educational needs) that are associated with the development of educational inequalities and the successful prevention of achievement gaps. We publish and disseminate the empirical results of the project through multiple channels to scientific audiences, policy makers and the wider public. At the end, we create a public framework for studying educational inequalities longitudinally in future studies, acknowledging the role of local contexts but aiming for comparability at the European level. 

We implement the project in seven work packages. Our consortium consists of internationally acknowledged experts in large-scale educational assessment research from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Hungary and Luxembourg/Germany. The partners have a long-standing history of collaboration with each other, European researchers, and national and international education policy makers, and they bring extensive longitudinal datasets to the project. The project will considerably strengthen the knowledge base of what shapes educational outcomes over time, how to best support the learning of all students and how to reduce education inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

Contextualized pathways to reduce housing inequalities in the green and digital transition.

The project Reducing housing inequalities in the green and digital transition (ReHousIn) is committed to better understand the impacts of recent crises on housing inequalities across different European regions, especially with regard to the implementation of the green transition launched by the EU. The overall aim is to explore the mechanisms affecting the (re)production of housing inequalities under recent crisis conditions, and the impacts of the EU induced green transition in different national contexts and along different degrees of urbanisation. Based on a contextualized and comparative understanding of the mechanisms (re)producing housing inequalities, ReHousIn inquiries into multi-level pathways and inclusive local housing initiatives to spark innovative EU, national and local policy solutions towards inclusionary and quality housing, mitigating the possible negative impacts of the EU induced green transition. It conducts a comparative, multi-level analysis in 9 European countries – Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom – focusing on attractive metropolitan regions, middle-sized cities and rural areas by means of a mixed-method project design. A quantitative data analysis on recent trends in housing inequalities and their relation to crises across different levels of urbanization will provide the framework for 27 local cases studies in which the impact of multi-level trajectories of housing-system, welfare regimes and environmental policy instrumentations on the (re)production of local housing inequalities and the emergence of inclusive housing initiatives are analyzed. Based on this, ReHousIn compares mechanisms of differentiation feeding into policy labs, aiming to formulate recommendations on how to tackle negative social externalities related the EU green transition at EU, national and local levels.

Strategies for achieving equity and inclusion in education, training and learning in democratic Europe

STRIDE will provide a new, comprehensive and comparative knowledge-base on effective education reforms, policy initiatives and interventions aimed at reducing inequalities in education, training and learning outcomes in Europe. STRIDE will do this through analyses of education reforms in national and regional systems, existing large-scale educational assessment data and existing longitudinal data on the causal link between educational and other social policies and inequalities in educational achievements. In examining the learning progress of students over time, STRIDE will closely examine to the range of intersectional variables such as socio-economic background, gender, (dis)abilities, migration status, home language, early childhood education and care (ECEC) attendance, which may affect learning outcomes in different ways in different contexts. The project will combine diverse methods, data and disciplines (comparative education, political science, education science, sociology) in innovative ways: mapping at national and regional levels on (1) education reforms in the past 25 years by policy analysis, (2) longitudinal trends of inequalities in educational achievement by quasi-experiment analysis of existing large-scale educational assessment data, and (3) effect of education reforms and interventions by analysis existing longitudinal data and registry data following student cohorts over time combined with a qualitative inquiry into policymakers' perspective. Through the involvement of national and European stakeholders, STRIDE will develop methodology and assessment tools for policy learning offering policymakers a toolbox of enhanced knowledge of what shapes educational outcomes over time and demonstrating the usefulness of longitudinal data in policy-making to reduce educational inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

dialoguing@rts – Advancing Cultural Literacy for Social Inclusion through Dialogical Arts Education

d@rts is a catalyst for increasing social cohesion and inclusion, using embodied performing arts activities to develop cognitive and affective cultural literacy. We recognise that the performing arts encompass mass-market consumer goods, as well as non-linguistic, embodied and social activities, providing massive opportunities for inclusive participation.
Our target groups comprise actors of all ages and social positions, especially in the school system and in community arts initiatives. We will empower these groups to be artistically active, dialogically related and culturally literate, giving them tools and motivation to improve their own situations and those of others within the overall frame of a cohesive European society, informed by global perspectives.
Using the post-colonial insight that culture is necessarily heterogeneous, d@rts has four related objectives:
1. Understand how performing arts activities relate to cultural literacy in official discourse and documents across partner countries
2. Use this understanding to build dialogues and co-create physical and digital actions with heterogeneous groups within our target audience
3. Develop assessment tools for these actions, enabling measurable growth in cultural literacy
4. Use our findings in recommendations for cultural and educational policies that build long-term social cohesion and inclusion
Based on these objectives, the overall outputs comprise:
1. Documentary, survey and participatory research findings
2. Performative DIALOGART actions for cultural literacy
3. Policy and practice recommendations to increase social cohesion via cultural literacy actions inspired by the performing arts
d@rts imagines new futures and creates hope and social cohesion through performing arts education. By creating participatory spaces and facilitating dialogues, we empower voices seldom heard. d@rts thus advances cultural literacy, and enhances social cohesion and resilience, to build an inclusive future for Europe.

REGULAR AND UNPLANNED CARE ADAPTIVE DASHBOARD FOR CROSS–BORDER EMERGENCIES

During cross-border health emergencies, health and care services may be overwhelmed by high numbers of patients requiring unplanned care. Delays and backlogs in regular care, as a result of the stretched health care system, leave millions of patients with regular care needs unattended, resulting in disastrous healthcare outcomes. If poor healthcare outcomes across the population are to be avoided, healthcare systems must become more resilient and flexible and allow for rapid changes in the care delivery services. RAPIDE’s aim is to develop, validate and demonstrate a portfolio of powerful tools that enable healthcare systems to build in robustness of decisions, resilience of the health care professionals and patients and flexibility in the modalities of care delivery, thereby maintaining access to regular care during health emergencies. 

RAPIDE emphasises opportunities for optimising in-hospital care, but also for relocating care from hospitals to community and home environments without loss of care quality. Thus, the project focuses on two closely-linked challenges – 1: Identifying and predicting how much care, and which care, needs to be moved along the care chain; 2: Identifying and verifying effective, feasible and acceptable ways to make this reconfiguration of care a reality. This will be achieved by (a) resource modelling, which builds comprehensive foresight and forecasting solutions and links them to patient flows optimization, along the whole chain of care, (b) selecting and implementing the best available tools to deliver regular care in new ways. To ensure usability, acceptability and equitable real-world value, RAPIDE will be co-designed and co-validated with stakeholders, from patients, GPs, clinicians and hospital managers to health ministries, pandemic-management and public health agencies. A Table Top Exercise and extensive communication and dissemination will raise awareness of the project’s successes.

Midlene fra RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer fordelt på år

Midlene fra RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra RENERGI-Fremtidens rene energisystemer fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Tre problemstillinger er sentrale i prosjektet. For det første foretas en vurdering av samfunnsøkonomiske kostnader ved å foreta reduksjoner i C0<sub>2</sub> -utslipp. Spesielt fokuseres det på samspillet mellom ulike virkemidler på miljøsiden i forhold t il virkninger på energisiden, i første omgang mellom "grønne sertifikater" og C0<sub>2-</sub>kvoter. Slike samspilleffekter har ikke vært analysert i vesentlig grad tidligere. Videre konsentreres prosjektet om problemstillinger knyttet til hvorledes marke der for utslippsrettigheter og energi fungerer, særlig i forhold til spørsmålet om gratis tildeling av kvoter. I tillegg vil det være vesentlig å dra lærdom av de tiltak som allerede er gjennomført, ved å foreta en evaluering av miljøtiltak der en har nok  data til å foreta slike evalueringer. Slike evalueringer vil bidra til å forstå hvordan tiltak har fungert, og dermed gi et bedre grunnlag for utforming av fremtidige tiltak.

Forskningsfondsmidler: Miljøtiltak og effektivitet

Det Norske Fiskeernæringsseminaret blir arrangert anna kvart år og er ein arena for å kommunisere det siste innan forsking på fiskeernæring og legge til rette for dialog mellom alle som jobbar med fiskeernæring i Noreg. Det overordna temaet for seminaret er ernæringssikkerheit for optimal ernæringsstatus og robustheit for alle artar oppdretta i Noreg. Dette inkluderer mellom anna forhold rundt fôrsikkerheit som til dømes tilgang og utnytting av næringsstoff, og mogleikar og utfordringar med nye råmateriale. Det omfattar også faktorar som påverkar ernæringsbehovet og ernæringsstatusen til fisken, slik som genetikk, miljøforhold, produksjonsstrategiar og sjukdomar, samt korleis optimalisering av fôrsamansetjinga kan påverke robustheit, prestasjon, helse og velferd.

Det 14. Norske Fiskeernæringsseminar – Ernæringssikkerheit i norsk akvakultur

Lakseoppdrettarar i Noreg opplever om lag 16 % dødelegheit i sjøvatnsfasen, og ein av dei største årsakene til tap er virussjukdomar som pankreassjukdom (PD). PD er forårsaka av salmonid alfavirus (SAV) som angrip pankreas, hjarte og muskel hos laks. Dette fører i første omgang til problem med fordøying av næringsstoff og dårleg fôrutnytting, og vidare til redusert kvalitet, tapt tilvekst og auka dødelegheit, og representerer ei vesentleg velferdsutfordring i oppdrett. I dette prosjektet har det blitt undersøkt korleis enkelte næringsstoff og ernæringsstatus ved smitte kan påverke immunresponsen, korleis laksen handterer ein infeksjon og kor lang tid det tek før laksen blir frisk. Dette har blitt undersøkt gjennom ulike tilnærmingar i smitteforsøk og ved bruk av cellemodellar, der ein kan studere korleis immunceller reagerer på virus og korleis ulike sjøtemperaturar påverkar ernæringsstatus og  immunresponsen. 

Ernæringsstatus kan bli påverka av både næringsstoff i fôr, miljøet, sjukdomar og genetikk, og kombinasjonen av desse faktorane kan vere avgjerande for kor godt rusta fisken er til å handtere sjukdom. Når fisk får PD, vil evna til å fordøye næringsstoff bli dårlegare fordi pankreasvevet blir øydelagt. Pankreas er viktig for å produsere fordøyelsesenzym, og desse trengs for å bryte ned samansette næringsstoff som protein og feitt til mindre bitar (molekyl) som fisken kan utnytte. Dermed får fisken ein dårlegare ernæringsstatus og blir tynnare når den er sjuk, fordi den må tære på eigne reservar. Næringsstoff kan påverke immunforsvaret på ulike måtar, til dømes fordi dei blir brukt til å danne signalstoff eller direkte stimulerer eller dempar immunresponsen. Det betyr også at ernæringsstatus når den blir sjuk har mykje å seie for utfallet av sjukdom. 

Grunna det aukande behovet for berekraftig fôr og avgrensa tilgang til fiskeoljer til bruk i fiskefôr har samansetjinga av fôret til laks endra seg til å innehalde meir planteråvarer. Eit lågare innhald av fiskeoljer og auka innhald av planteoljer i fôret reduserer innhaldet av dei langkjeda marine omega-3 feittsyrene EPA og DHA, og endrar også innhaldet av omega-6, metta og umetta feittsyrer. Generelt blir feittsyresamansetjinga i fôret reflektert i dei fleste vev, noko som betyr at fisk som har ete meir plantefeitt vil ha mindre omega-3 feittsyrer i cellemembranane. Samansetjinga av cellene i kroppen påverkar korleis fisk responderer til smitte, mellom anna gjennom å påverke betennelsesresponsen. Det er viktig å ha ein god respons når fisken blir smitta, slik at immunforsvaret raskt kan kome i gang med å kjempe mot sjukdomen, men det er også viktig at betennelsen ikkje varer for lenge. Resultat frå dette prosjektet viser at laks som har spist mykje omega-6 feittsyrer får ein sterkare betennelsesreaksjon etter smitte med PD og har betennelse lenger. Denne fisken brukte også lenger tid på å reparere vev og dermed lenger tid på å bli frisk. Til samanlikning var det positive effektar av å ha lite omega-6 feittsyrer i forhold til omega-3 feittsyrer, og også at innhaldet av metta feitt i fôret kunne påverke utfallet. 

Om sommaren og utover hausten kan det i periodar vere sub-optimalt høge sjøtemperaturar for laks på Sør- og Vestlandet, noko som fører til fleire fysiologiske og metabolske konsekvensar for laks i oppdrett. Triploid laks er i dag under vurdering for kommersielt oppdrett grunna potensielle fordelar for miljø og produksjon. Triploid laks er funksjonelt sterile, noko som eliminerer genetiske interaksjonar mellom rømt oppdrettslaks og villfisk, og reduserer kjønnsmodning under produksjonen. Triploid laks er derimot meir sensitiv ved sub-optimale miljøforhold, og behovet for nokon næringsstoff er annleis enn for diploid laks. Fisk eksponert for høge sjøtemperaturar tilpassar og endrar metabolismen, noko som resulterer i endringar i ernæringsstatus, og resultat frå dette prosjektet viser at fisk på høg temperatur hadde lågare konsentrasjon av antioksidantar i lever, medan den klarte å lage meir antioksidantar for å beskytte muskelen. Resultat frå cellemodell viser at immunresponsen er påverka av kva temperatur fisken hadde gått på tidlegare, ploiditet og tilsetjing av funksjonelle aminosyrer direkte i modellen. Ved høg temperatur var fleire av responsane dempa, men tilsetjing av aminosyra arginin til celler frå fisk som hadde gått på høg temperatur ga ein tilsvarande respons som ved optimal temperatur. Kva dette kan ha å seie for fisken i ein praktisk situasjon må følgjast opp i framtidige studier. 
Samla sett har det blitt vist at ernæringsstatus og næringsstoff påverkar immunresponsen, både i smitteforsøk (in vivo) og i modellar (in vitro). Resultata frå dette prosjektet bidreg til å auke basiskunnskapen om korleis næringsstoff påverkar fiskehelse og mottakelegheit til sjukdom, og vil vere nyttig for å redusere produksjonstap og auke velferd i oppdrett.

The salmon aquaculture industry experiences around 20% fish mortality during the seawater phase, and one of the major causes is viral diseases such as pancreas disease (PD). The combined effects of PD on mortality, growth, feed conversion and quality results in large economic consequences for the fish farmers, and represent a major welfare challenge. Growth in teleosts involves the GH-IGF system, and this may be altered during a PD outbreak. Thus it is interesting to investigate whether the GH-IGF system is altered during a PD outbreak, and whether it plays a role for the growth regulation and regeneration of tissues when the fish is in recovery. The nutritional status of the fish at the time of infection may modulate the immune response and hence the disease progression. The essential amino acid histidine and histidine derivatives has anti-inflammatory properties and modify the immune response, however the potential immunomodulatory role of histidine to viral diseases such as PD is not known. Vegetable oils used in aquafeeds are devoid of essential marine omega-3 fatty acids, and since the tissue fatty acid composition reflects the feed composition, the use of vegetable oils in the feed may have consequences for the immune response and inflammation process. Triploid Atlantic salmon is being considered for aquaculture, however the underlying causes for physiological differences between diploid and triploid, including potential differences in the immune response to viral diseases such as PD has not been studied in detail. The results from the present project will increase the basic knowledge on how nutrients influence fish health and disease susceptibility, and will serve as a basis for the development of best practice protocols on how to reduce production losses and increase welfare in commercial salmon farming.

0 antall prosjekter

HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning

Det 14. Norske Fiskeernæringsseminar – Ernæringssikkerheit i norsk akvakultur

Tildelt: kr 99 999

Prosjektperiode: 2019-2020

Sted: Vestland

HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning

Role of nutritional status for PD infection and recovery

Tildelt: kr 2,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2016-2018

Sted: Vestland