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FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Determinants of spatio-temporal outbreak dynamics of Geometrid moths populations

The cyclic outbreak dynamics of birch forest Geometrids in Fennoseandia (in particular the two species; the autumnal moth and the winter moth) is a very well—known phenomenon both among scientists aud lay people due its severe, large-scale impacts on the mountain birch forest ecosystem. Still imp...

Tildelt: kr 2,7 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2005-2008

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Magnetoreception and magnetic compass orientation in the long distance migration of the European eel

The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, a common part of the fish community in European coastal and inland waters, spawns in the Sargasso Sea. The larvae drift or migrate with currents to the coasts of Europe and North Africa. Once there, large numbers of yo ung eels grow up in widely different habi...

Tildelt: kr 4,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2008

Sted: Oslo

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Hybridization in birds as studied by cross-fostering in the wild

Hybridization between species generally reduces fitness. However, hybridization, and subsequent back-crossing, may lead to the transfer of genes between species and represent an important factor as a source of new variability in the subsequent evolution o f the species. The importance of hybridiz...

Tildelt: kr 1,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2008

Sted: Oslo

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Stochastic dynamics of bird communities

The aim of the present project is to develop stochastic community models and statistical tools to estimate the model parameters. Such models will be of great practical use for detecting changes in community composition e.g. due anthropogenic influences or when trying to calculate areas necessary ...

Tildelt: kr 1,7 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2008

Sted: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

The role of seasonal life history variation in the population dynamics of small rodents

Building on a study of field voles (Microtus agrestis) in Britain, the proposed project focus on the role of life history variation and demographic mechanisms among the overwintering cohorts in shaping the population dynamics of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in northern Finland. This study...

Tildelt: kr 1,5 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2006

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Lichen defensive compounds - an experimental approach

Secondary compounds in plants have been attributed many different roles, one being chemical defence against herbivory. Unfortunately, experimental approaches to test the defensive compound hypothesis often suffer from confounded factors: specimens in defe nsive compounds may also differ in other ...

Tildelt: kr 2,1 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2007

Sted: Akershus

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Circumboreal phylogeography of closely related deer species - exemplifying a speciation process

The glacial-interglacial cycles of the upper Pleistocene have had major influence on the evolutionary history of species distributed in the northern hemisphere. Although studies assessing the effects of the Pleistocene environmental fluctuations have accu mulated over the past decade, the relatio...

Tildelt: kr 1,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2006

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Genetic variation and population dynamics in Sphagnum over time and space

In this project I intend to study the changes in genetic diversity over time in sub-fossilized populations of Sphagnum fuscum taken from peat cores from ombrotrophic bogs. Several of the patterns in genetic variation we see today have historical causes an d to understand the current pattern of ge...

Tildelt: kr 1,5 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2004-2005

Sted: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Modelling dynamics of a microbe-vector-host triad: plague in Kazakhstan as an example

Plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is transmitted from rodent to rodent by a flea (vector). The abundance of the main host (being the habitat of the fleas and the plague bacteria) fluctuates in both space and time, posing some particula rly interesting constraints on the plague...

Tildelt: kr 1,4 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2007

Sted: Oslo

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Feeding interactions and growth of salmon parr and sculpins in a sub-Arctic river

The coexistence of sculpins and salmon parr in a wide range of river habitats gives rise to examine the realised ecological niche of sympatric species along different scales of resource diversity as benthos and habitat, and may display new mechanisms in s pecies coexistence. In this project growt...

Tildelt: kr 1,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2008

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

Causes and consequences of spatio-temporal life history variation in semi-domesticated reindeer

Density-dependent regulation of mortality in winter, and inf1uences of climatic and habitat quality on fecundity are central processes in the population dynamics of ungulates in northern environments. However, the population level consequences of such ext ernal environmental influences are moulde...

Tildelt: kr 1,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2008

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Variation in reproductive effort and cost in a sexually dimorphic ungulate: testing the Trivers-Willard and terminal investment hypotheses

Determining the patterns and causes of variation in life-history strategies is one of the main goals of ecology, as such variation shapes both population dynamics and in turn the evolutionary biology of different species. However, good quality data of lon ger time-series are scarce, and it has so...

Tildelt: kr 1,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2005

Sted: Akershus

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Towards an increased understanding of broad-scale patterns and processes in ecology - worldwide comparison of macroecological patterns along

nderstanding the mechanisms and dynamics of natural ecosystems is a major goal for ecologists and biogeographers. In this project we will focus on the description, characterisation, and analysis of macroecological patterns and the mechanisms that create t hese patterns. The macroecological patter...

Tildelt: kr 1,4 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2005

Sted: Vestland

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Migration and schooling dynamics of herring and capelin during the spawning season - Impact on stock assessment

The assessment of Norwegian spring spawning herring and Barents Sea capelin is largely based on acoustic abundance estimates from the feeding season (both species) and wintering season (herring). There is a potential for improved assessment by estimating these stocks also during the spawning sea...

Tildelt: kr 2,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2006

Sted: Vestland

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Cooperation during brood rearing; an assessment of the effect of kinship

Explaining the evolution and maintenance of reproductive helping and cooperation in wild animals have challenged both theoreticians and empiricist biologists. The theory of kin-selection have successfully explained the highly cooperative societies of euso cial insects, but has also provided insig...

Tildelt: kr 1,6 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2005

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

The role of heterozygosity for individual fitness and mating system evolution in birds

It has long been realized that close inbreeding can be detrimental to offspring fitness. Such inbreeding depression is caused by the increased homozygosity at loci that affect fitness. Recently, some exciting studies on birds and mammals have revealed a s imilar effect also in natural outbred pop...

Tildelt: kr 1,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2006

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Environmental change and evolutionary events - a molecular approach using comparative phylogeography among African bovids

Climatic variation may affect evolutionary patterns by altering rates of speciation and extinction through changing availablity of appropriate habitats. In the proposed project, we assess the relationship between environmental change and evolutionary even ts using comparative phylogeography among...

Tildelt: kr 1,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2005

Sted: Oslo

FRIBIO-Biologi og biomedisin

The effect of sheep grazing on alpine plant communities, species and populations: what is the importance of plant life histories?

Grazing is an important factor for plant dynamics, but it has proved difficult to generalise about grazing impact, partly because of a lack of a good mechanistic framework linking the grazing impacts on certain life stages to the dynamics of the populatio ns. A functional classification of specie...

Tildelt: kr 1,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2003-2008

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Does access to food patches limit microtine winter survival during the cyclic population decline? An experimental study

Time series analysis has found that small rodent population cycles may be driven by an interaction between food shortage during winters and delayed density dependence caused by predators. The region where small rodents exhibit cyclic dynamics have long la sting thick snow cover that probably faci...

Tildelt: kr 1,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2002-2005

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Behavioural and genetic mechanisms of extrapair fertilization in bluethroats

Most birds are classified as socially monogamous, yet they frequently engage in extrapair copulations. In the bluethroat, females copulate frequently with neighbouring males with the result that around 30% of offspring are sired extrapair. The bluethroat is one of the few bird species in the wor...

Tildelt: kr 1,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2002-2007

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Sexual signals and life history trade-offs in guppy and sex-role reversed pipefishes

Sexually selected signals can be viewed as life history traits. In the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and the sex role reversed pipefishe (Syngnathus typhle) sexual signals are well understood, but their relation to life history decisions remain unexplored.T he proposed project will test how life hi...

Tildelt: kr 1,9 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2002-2006

Sted: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Elemental ratios in fresh-water plankton; implications for community structure and energy transfer in food webs

The transfer of energy through food webs will be determined by the "growth efficiency" in terms of carbon for the individual members of the foodweb. Recent studies have clearly confirmed that the elemental ratios of the food will be a major determinant to this energy transfer or "trophic efficien...

Tildelt: kr 1,7 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2002-2006

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Plural approaches in evolutionary biology: the adaptive significance of sex

This project attends a recent methodological development within evolutionary biology, i.e., the introduction of so-called pluralistic approaches, in which one attempts to explain evolutionary traits as phenomena emerging from a possibly complex interplay between different causal factors and proc...

Tildelt: kr 1,7 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2002-2005

Sted: Vestland

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Game theory and interspecific arms races

Conflicts of interests between signalers or between signalers and signal receivers are common in animals, and may lead to coevolutionary arms races. Natural selection favours victim adaptations that help victims resist exploiters, but such adaptations are likely to be met with counter-adaptation...

Tildelt: kr 1,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2001-2005

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Seksuell preging og hybridisering mellom to arter av meiser (Paridae)

Siden de klassiske studiene til nobelprisvinner Konrad Lorentz, har seksuell preging blitt dokumentert hos en rekke dyrearter. Denne formen for læring har fått ny oppmerksomhet i senere år innen flere felt av evolusjonær økologi fordi man mener den er vik tig i forbindelse med hybridisering, arts...

Tildelt: kr 1,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2001-2006

Sted: Oslo

BIOEVO-Evolusjonsbiologi og økologi

Why females are ornamented: female competition, male choice and immunocompetence

Seksuell seleksjon har de siste tiårene vært det mest studerte fagfelt innen atferdsøkologien og har ytt vektige bidrag til såvel evolusjonsteori som populasjons- og bevaringsbiologi. Sentralt innenfor dette fagfeltet står evolusjon av ornamenter, f.eks. fargerik fjærdrakt. Hittil har nesten all...

Tildelt: kr 1,4 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2000-2006

Sted: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

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