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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Midlene fra BIONÆR-Bionæringsprogram fordelt på år

Midlene fra BIONÆR-Bionæringsprogram fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra BIONÆR-Bionæringsprogram fordelt på fagområde

Professor 2

Denna ansökan avser bruk av en non-invasiv, 13C-bikarbonat tracer (13C-BT) teknik, för bestämning av energiförbrukning hos häst. Projektet syftar till att visa att denna metod kan generaliseras till att användas non-invasivt under väsentligt skilda fysiol ogiska, näringsmässiga och omgivnings-mässiga förhållanden. Den överordnade målsättningen är att resultat från denna undersökning ska kunna användas till att utveckla förbättrade rekommendationer avseende energitillförsel till hästar. Denna ansökan har kl art nyhetsvärde, och avser ett forskningsområde där ny, forskningsbaserad kunskap är av största betydelse med hänsyn till hästars hälsa, välbefinnande och prestation.
Projektets första målsättning är att validera 13C-BT som ett enkelt, non-invasivt redska p för bestämning av energiförbrukning hos hästar. Vidare kommer metoden att användas för att dokumentera inflytandet av olika grad och typ av fysisk aktivitet, och betydelsen av foder-sammansättningen på energiförbrukningen. 13C-BT metoden kommer också at t användas i kombination med andra väl etablerade metoder för att studera inverkan av hälsofrämjande foder-stater på hästars energiförbrukning och prestationsförmåga. Vår överordnade hypotes är att 13C-BT kan användas som en enkel, billig och non-invasiv  metod för att göra korrekta bestämningar av hästars energiförbrukning under normala levnadsbetingelser, vid utfodring med olika typer av dieter och vid olika grader av fysisk aktivitet. Det förväntas att projektets resultat kan bidra till utveckling av fö rbättrade rekommendationer avseende energitillförsel till hästar av olika raser, i olika hull och kondition, och utsatta för olika arbetsbelastning. Viktiga perspektiv är att resultaten kan ge underlag för förbättrade rekommendationer till häst, avseende  såväl kvantitativ energitillförsel som val av lämpliga energikällor med syfte att garantera tillförsel av ett hälsosamt foder i adekvat mängd, och ett foder som medger bibehållande av hästens prestationsfömåga.

HESTEFORSK 13C-bikarbonatmetoden - en non-invasiv, snabb och enkel metod för korrekt bestämning av energiförbrukning hos häst

Mennesker blir daglig utsatt for miljøforurensende stoffer som kan påvirke helsen.
Vi undersøkte helsemessige konsekvenser av persitente organiske miljøgifter (POPs), som er kjemikalier allestedsnærværende i vår matkjede. 
Vi fant at overvektige personer med forhøyede nivåer av POP er i høy risiko for kardio metabolske sykdommer sammenlignet med overvektige personer med lave POP nivåer.
Videre førte bruken av miljøforurensninger oss til å oppdage en ny biologisk funksjon av fibroblastvækstfaktoren 19 (FGF19), et hormon som utskilles av tarmen. Vi viste at kronisk FGF19 injeksjon øker skjelettmuskulaturmassen i mus og humane muskelceller behandlet med FGF19 blir større enn placebobehandlede humane celler. Vi prøver nå å utvikle et FGF19-basert stoff for å behandle muskelatrofi sykdommer.

Every day, the human body must defend itself against a myriad of potentially noxious xenobiotics (i.e. substances foreign to an entire biological system), and the health consequences of this exposure on our bodies have just begun to be investigated. 
      Insulin resistance is strongly linked to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Today, the documented global increase in insulin resistance-related metabolic diseases, together with the poor efficacy of current  preventive and therapeutic treatments, means that there is an urgent need to better understand the fundamental causes of insulin resistance. The present proposal represents a new direction that has not previously received much attention, but which is, in  fact, pervasive in modern life today: the impact of environmental pollutants on metabolic diseases.
     TRANSITION is a project designed to radically advance environmental medicine research and renovate our understanding of metabolic diseases. Although t he present proposal can be considered risk-taking because it challenges traditional beliefs about the primary factors involved in contributing to metabolic diseases, my previous and on-going work have provided proof-of-concept for the project's objectives . 
     TRANSITION is expected to not only fill important knowledge gaps in the field, but may also contribute to the development of a novel diagnostic tool that will detect the potential of chemicals to cause metabolic disruptions in humans. To achieve t his, TRANSITION aims to use a translational approach to establish links between in vitro and animal data with the real risks associated with human exposure to pollutants. In a project that bridges basic and applied research, TRANSITION proposes to use a m ulti-disciplinary approach that combines environmental toxicology, molecular biology and physiology, and to use original experimental models as well as a unique human patient study group.

Role of Xenobiotics in Metabolic Diseases: 
A Translational Approach

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the body's endocrine system, thereby generating adverse effects. Recently, we demonstrated that persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which are omnipresent in our environment, could lead to insulin re sistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. The molecular mechanisms behind these harmful effects are currently unknown.
SIGNED aims to understand how POPs, but also other endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A, can impair insulin action and  affect glucose and lipid metabolism. To resolve this challenging task, this research proposal aims to explore the following questions: 1) Are there specific insulin-sensitive cells primarily affected by environmental pollutants? 2) How do pollutants affe ct insulin action when present as single compounds and as mixtures? 3) What are the dose-response effects of endocrine disruptors? 4) Which signaling pathways contribute to insulin resistance? 
SIGNED will apply an integrative and multi-tiered approach th at will combine cutting edge molecular techniques with metabolic phenotyping in order to understand how changes at protein and gene levels (phosphorylation, expression, miRNA, epigenetics) can explain changes in metabolic response to environmental polluta nts. First, the in vitro mechanistic modes of action of pollutants as single compounds and mixtures will be deciphered in different insulin sensitive cells. Then, we will transfer our in vitro knowledge to in vivo models, and explore the potential signall ing pathways regulated by endocrine disruptors. 
Altogether, SIGNED will contribute to discover novel and important cellular and molecular mechanisms by which endocrine disruptors can induce insulin resistance, thereby opening new directions for the preve ntion and treatment of metabolic diseases.

Signaling Impairments GeNerated by Endocrine Disruptors.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic and hazardous chemicals omnipresent in our environment and food chains. These pollutants are of particular public health concern since their bio-accumulate in humans for many years because of their resistance  to metabolic degradation. Recently, exposure to POPs commonly found in food chains was found to contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by  which POPs interact with insulin and impair glucose/lipid homeostasis remain relatively unexplored. In the present project, we will investigate the mechanims by which POPs may mediate their deleterious health effects.

Searching the origin of the insulin resistance syndrome

Although marine food has long been known to have health properties, its roles and impacts on insulin sensitivity and metabolic diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, coronary heart diseases etc.) remain still unclear and worldwide debated.  Beside its potential health effects, recent reports highlight that marine food may contain a potentially harmful level of contaminants. Evaluating the balance between the risks and benefits of marine food consumption is very challenging and as a conseque nce, the public faces conflicting reports on the risks and benefits of marine food intake resulting in controversy and confusion over the role of marine food consumption. The present project will generate new knowledge regarding the health benefits and ri sks of marine food (salmon oil) intake.

Salmon and contaminants: impacts on insulin sensitivity and metabolic diseases

The incidence of Type 2 diabetes and obesity has increased dramatically worldwide and reaches today epidemic proportions. These metabolic diseases are at high risk of developing different complications leading to disability and premature death. Insulin re sistance (i.e. where a given concentration of insulin does not show the expected magnitude of effects on target cells) is a hallmark of Type 2 diabetes and obesity. 
Insulin action is strongly influenced by environmental factors like dietary habits. For i nstance, prolonged intake of a high-fat diet is a high risk factor for impaired insulin action. In addition, recent studies have reported that elevated consumption of sucrose, by elevating circulating levels of fatty acids, may play a role in the dramatic  increase of Type 2 diabetes and obesity. 
Tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) is a sulfur-substituted fatty acid analogue which when included in a high-fat diet was recently found to prevent the development of whole-body insulin resistance. In the present re search project, we plan to further explore the physiological/cellular mechanisms behind this beneficial effect. In addition, we want to test the hypothesis that TTA intake prevents high-sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance. Given that TTA intake preven ts the development of insulin resistance, inclusion of TTA in our diet may represent a potential strategy to prevent the expansion of Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

0 antall prosjekter

FRIMEDBIO-Fri prosj.st. med.,helse,biol

Role of Xenobiotics in Metabolic Diseases: A Translational Approach

Tildelt: kr 3,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2014-2019

Sted: Vestland

BEDREHELSE-Bedre helse og livskvalitet

Signaling Impairments GeNerated by Endocrine Disruptors.

Tildelt: kr 5,9 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2013-2016

Sted: Vestland

MILPAAHEL-Miljøpåvirkning og helse

Searching the origin of the insulin resistance syndrome

Tildelt: kr 2,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2011-2013

Sted: Vestland

MILPAAHEL-Miljøpåvirkning og helse

Salmon and contaminants: impacts on insulin sensitivity and metabolic diseases

Tildelt: kr 3,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2008-2011

Sted: Vestland

IS-BILAT-Mobilitet Norge-USA /Canada

Effects of tetradecylthioacetic acid intake in the prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance

Tildelt: kr 0,23 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2006-2007

Sted: Vestland