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2018

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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Studier av særegen form for cellekommunikasjon hos fisk

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på fagområde

Research professor

The current project aims to describe the phenomenon of mitochondrial exchange in salmon and zebra fish - how this occur, analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic responses during mitochondrial exchange, and examine this phenomenon in vivo in a zebrafish model system. Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to fuel the cells biochemical reactions. It is clear that mitochondria also participate in innate defence against pathogens (viruses and bacteria) and are also able to produce signalling molecules central in the pathogen defence. It is also known that mitochondria can be transferred from one cell to another following cellular stress and tissue damage. How this transfer occurs is not clear yet, though there are indications that cells secrete vesicles and forms tunnels which may be a way of transfer. The project aims to characterise mitochondrial exchange by stressing cells by immunostimulants and nano plastics. Characterisation of mitochondrial exchange will be observed using high-end nanoscopy, whereas the cellular responses will be assessed by proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. The project will produce knowledge how cell may communicate with each other, what stressors that induce this phenomenon, and the biological impact this has on fish.

Salmon farming in Norway has grown dramatically over the last two decades – to 1.4 mill metric tons in 2019 (https://www.ssb.no/fiskeoppdrett). Despite this considerable progress, farmed salmon experience close to 20% mortality during the grow-out period in seawater. Fish suffer significantly from pathogens infections, physical insults and stressors contributing to approx. 20% overall mortality during the production. To re-establish homeostasis after infection and insults, tissue regeneration occurs. There is a major gap that the research on fish immunity needs to bridge for achieving the target of better fish health. This is to reach the same knowledge level as the mammalian systems about the role, criticality, and opportunities of exploiting the innate immune mechanisms of fishes. Research on innate immunity in higher vertebrates is continuously revealing multiple and highly conserved host–defense mechanisms. One of these is cell-to-cell communication (CCC) systems, wherein cell communicate with each other by virtue of receptor-ligand interaction and likely by exchanging organelles - such as mitochondrial exchange for rescuing and communication purpose. The current project aims to describe the phenomenon of mitochondrial exchange in salmon - how this occur, analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic responses during mitochondrial exchange, and examine this phenomenon in vivo in a zebrafish model system. Lack of resolution (in microscopy) is lack of knowledge. With this mission, the last decade has witnessed momentous progress in advanced microscopy. UiT has a unique position, where different advanced microscopy methods are brought together complemented by a strong research and development team. With the use of advanced microscopical methods we will examine the process of mitochondrial exchange at cell and tissue level.

Novel mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in fish

Norges vestkyst er en av de mest ressursrike delene av landet, med en allsidig økonomi knyttet til fiskeri, havbruk, landbruk, turisme, vannkraft og petroleumsindustrien. Denne ressursbaserte økonomien endrer seg i takt med den skiftende dynamikken i vår naturressursbruk i disse sosial-økologiske systemene. Dette har ført til at vi trenger økt forståelse for sammenhenger mellom arealbruk, miljøkvalitet, klimaendringer, økosystemtjenester og biologisk mangfold for å imøtegå og avbøte negative konsekvenser på lokalt og regionalt plan. Å styre forsking og handling mot nye løsninger ved hjelp av en helhetlig tilnærming er et nødvendig skritt i en bærekraftig utvikling. Denne tilnærmingen reflekterer også FNs 2030 Agenda og arbeidet nasjonalt og internasjonalt med bærekraftsmålene. 

Ved å velge Nordhordland bestående av 9 kommuner, som i 2019 ble utnevnt som Norges aller første biosfæreområde under UNESCOs "Man and the Biosphere"-program, har vi brukt arealbruks- og naturressursbruksgradienten fra havet og kysten i vest til fjellene i øst for å belyse følgende problemstillinger og omstillingsprosesser:

1) TradMod har involvert folk i Nordhordland ved hjelp av dialogmøter og intervjuer, for å kartlegge kunnskap og oppfatninger av økosystemer og økosystemtjenester (naturgoder) i biosfæreområdet. Til sammen 433 personer svarte på naturgode-undersøkelsen vår. Det viser seg at verdien av friluftsliv er det som definitivt flest er opptatt av. På andreplass kommer verdien av biologisk mangfold. Flere av naturgodene opptrer sammen i «bunter». Dette gjelder for eksempel landbruk og kulturarv. Ved aktiv involvering av ulike aktører i regionen har vi samprodusert ny kunnskap som danner grunnlag for god kunnskapsbasert forvaltning. PhD-kandidat Jarrod Cusens ledet dette arbeidet i samarbeid med postdoc Alicia Barraclough og PI Inger Måren. Vi har publisert 4 fagfellevurderte artikler på denne delen av prosjektet, gjennomført infodager (feks Biosfæredagen) og skrevet populærvitenskaplige sammendrag av funnene i naturgodeundersøkelsen.

2) Gjennom eksperimenter og surveys har vi skaffet ny kunnskap om endringsprosesser i semi-naturlige landskap eller kulturlandskap. Vi har analysert hvordan beitende husdyr fungerer som "landskapsingeniører", gitt viktigheten av dette forvaltningsregimet i historisk og økologisk perspektiv i denne regionen av landet. Vi har undersøkt effekter av saue-, geite- og ku-beite i ytre og midtre fjordstrøk med hensyn på både plantemangfold, insektsmangfold, jordkjemi og karbonlagring. I løpet av de siste 4 årene har vi etablert et storskala eksperiment der vi skiller forskjellige effekter av gjødsling og beiting. PhD-kandidat på TradMod prosjektet Morgane Kerdoncuff ledet dette arbeidet i samarbeid med Dr. Eycott. All datainnsamling er avsluttet i den store undersøkelsen med 45 lokaliteter. Etter tre år har vi samlet data fra dette storskala-eksperimentet der effekten av beiting ser ut til å overstyre helt effekten av gjødsling fra saueavføring, til tross for at eksperimentet er etablert i næringsfattig kystlynghei. To artikler er publisert og to manus er straks ferdigstilt basert på dette materialet. Vi har også utarbeidet infomateriell til alle bøndene vi har samarbeidet med individuell tilbakemelding på resultater fra deres gardsbruk.

3) Nordhordland UNESCO Biosfæreområde har utarbeidet sitt første strategidokument gjennom en rekke innspillsmøter med et spekter av private og offentlige aktører i regionen, og vi har fulgt denne prosessen tett. Det tar lang tid å opparbeide tillit og nye samarbeidsrelasjoner, men  dette er i neste omgang avgjørende for videre samarbeid og forskning i regionen. Vi har i tillegg hatt intervjuer og diskusjoner med særskilte aktører som jobber tett opp mot arealforvaltning, som arealplanleggere i kommunene, bønder og bondeorganisasjoner. Dette har ført til bedre forståelse og fortolkning av dataene i dette prosjektet og vi har hatt muligheten til å formidle reslutater som også forvaltiningen er interesserte i, da særlig naturgode-undersøkelsen, og kartlagene i denne.

4) Vi har utviklet en plattform for kommunikasjon og kunnskapsdeling i samarbeid med Region Nordhordland som er ansvarlige for arbeidspakken som omhandler kommunikasjon. De har utarbeidet et meget brukervennlig nettsted og har også utarbeidet en kommunikasjonsplan for sosiale medier. Vi håper med dette å øke synligheten til Nordhordland UNESCO Biosfære både regionalt og nasjonalt. Dette arbeidet innebærer også et sterkt fokus på bærekraftig utvikling  og SDGene, og vil på sikt tilgjengeliggjøre håndfaste tips og eksempler på hvordan aktører i regionen kan bidra inn mot bærekraftsagendaen. Ved å belyse disse prosessene og invitere til debatt og kunnskapsutveksling kan vi bidra med ny kunnskap til strategiske diskusjoner mellom akademia, industri, politikere, forvaltere og sivilsamfunn i regionen som vil sikre en mer helhetlig og bærekraftig utvikling i Nordhordland Biosfæreområde.

Environmental and societal changes are drivers of land-use change, and land-use in turn affects natural resources, cultural environments and social development, creating complex and constantly changing interactions. TRADMOD meets societal challenges related to sustainable development and contributes to green development by providing multi-faceted knowledge of the region's social-ecological systems. By choosing Nordhordland - proposed as Norway's first Biosphere Area under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme - to study the major challenges in converting to greener development and wealth creation, we draw on the University of Bergen's competence on coastal areas and semi-natural landscapes, and  from UNESCO's and partners' insights into sustainable futures. This region, situated close to the major city of Bergen, has large-scale development of industrial-, residential- and commercial infrastructure. Yet the need for green development is hampered by the rapid loss of traditional knowledge. Our cultural heritage wanes under the influence of the global information culture. TRADMOD will address this paradox by involving the people of Nordhordland, young and old, to map traditional knowledge and perceptions of ecosystems and ecosystem services and their will to care for and develop their rural, peri-urban and urban environments. Through experiments, we will generate biological insights into processes of change in semi-natural or 'domesticated' ecosystems to evaluate how livestock can act as landscape engineers, given the importance of this management regime over time. Our methods and results will be of high international relevance to other regions experiencing similar processes of change and transformation. We will work closely with stakeholders to analyse innovation mechanisms and involve them in citizen science. Results will be shared widely through our knowledge-sharing platform, and by developing and strengthening collaboration within the region.

0 antall prosjekter

MILJØFORSK-Miljøforskning for en grønn samfunnsomstilling

From traditional resource use to modern industrial production: holistic management in Western Norway

Tildelt: kr 7,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2018-2023

Sted: Vestland