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Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

Multilingual Acquisition and Processing: Heritage Russian in Spain

Recent research highlights a need of deeper understanding of the nature of language competence and the development of this competence under heritage language bi- and multilingualism. Heritage speakers (HSs) is a population highly diverse in terms of their linguistic competence and its development. Multilingual Acquisition and Processing (MAP): Heritage Russian in Spain will provide an examination of Russian Heritage Language (HL) grammar in a previously unstudied socio-linguistic context focusing in particular on the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early and most unstable stages of multilingual language development. The overall research objective is to discover the patterns of language acquisition and language processing in order to find out how multilingual minds deploy their developing grammatical knowledge and how they detect and access the linguistic (morpho-syntactic) mechanisms from their two co-existing languages in real-time. The proposed empirical study will investigate the effects of linguistic proximity, individual experiential factors and the developmental patterns of cross-linguistic influence in child bilingualism. Heritage Russian in Spain will be studied with a focus on 3-7-year-old children in order to examine developmental trajectories in both languages. On the theoretical level, MAP will significantly contribute to the development of a model of heritage language grammar and add to a sub-field of multilingualism studies, Heritage Language Acquisition, by showing the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early stages of multilingual Russian-Spanish development. On a societal and education level, project findings will be relevant for policy makers, teachers, school principals and HSs communities in European countries. To date, most heritage language studies have focused exclusively on the minority language, MAP will fill an important gap by focusing on both languages.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Oceanic hitchhikers: epizoic diatoms as health indicators of sea turtles

Diatoms, unicellular algae, grow on a wide range of submerged surfaces. However, some diatom species and even entire genera (Chelonicola, Poulinea, Tursiocola) are highly specialised and thrive exclusively on the surface of glabrous aquatic animals (sea turtles, sea snakes, cetaceans, manatees). These taxa tolerate frequent environmental changes related to the biology and lifestyle of their hosts but, in nature, cannot survive without them. We will use sea turtle biofilm samples to investigate whether this unique association makes epizoic diatoms suitable indicators of their host’s health. This proposition is based on our preliminary observations that in sea turtles, the relative abundance of epizoic diatoms is high (>35 %) on generally healthy individuals, but rarely exceeds 10 % in visibly debilitated animals. First, skin and carapace biofilm samples will be collected from 350 presumably healthy and 175 visibly debilitated sea turtles from three distant geographic regions (WP1). Second, the collected material will be used to determine diatom species composition based on molecular (metabarcoding) and morphological approaches (WP2). We will develop an automated diatom identification and counting method using deep learning technology to further simplify the morphology-based assessment of diatom community composition. Third, the relative abundance of specialist sea turtle diatoms will be assessed and tested for correlation with standard sea turtle health indices collected for every sampled animal (WP3). Diatom indices of sea turtle health will be designed should such correlation be found. Finally, we will test the newly developed tools in a zoo setting, where they will be used to gain insights into the overall health and wellbeing of captive sea turtles and other aquatic vertebrates (WP4). The proposed studies will develop novel, non-invasive, cost-efficient and straightforward diatom-based tools for sea turtle monitoring and the assessment of marine ecosystem health.

Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


Midlene fra PSYKISK-Psykisk helse fordelt på år

Midlene fra PSYKISK-Psykisk helse fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PSYKISK-Psykisk helse fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Det er gjentatte ganger vist at det går lang tid fra første psykotiske symptomer til oppstart av adekvat behandling ved schizofreni og tilsvarende psykoser. Det er også vist at det er en assosiasjon mellom lengre varighet av ubehandlet psykose og dårliger e behandlingsutfall/korttidsprognose. 
Prosjektet er et flersenterprosjekt. Ett opptaksområde (Rogaland fylke) har prøvd å identifisere førstegangspsykotiske pasienter tidligere gjennom et tidligoppdagingsprogram, mens de andre opptaksområdene (Ullevål se ktor, Oslo og Midtssektor, Roskilde, Danmark) var uten dette programmet og identifiserte pasientene ved første gangs kontakt med 2.-linjetjenesten. Alle pasienter ble tilbudt samme behandlingspakke etter identifikasjon. 
Prosjektet startet inntak av pasie nter i 1997, og hadde som målsetting å rekruttere minimum 250 pasienter over fire år, med oppfølging av pasienter etter 3 mnd, 1 år, 2 år og 5 år. Ved avslutning av inntaket 31.12.2000 hadde 301 pasienter samtykket til deltakelse. Varighet av ubehandlet p sykose var signifikant kortere i opptaksområdet med tidligoppdagingsprogram. 
Prosjektet vil i løpet av noen måneder ha avsluttet 1 års og 2 års oppfølging. Pasientene har også samtykket til etterundersøkelse fem år etter oppstart av behandling. Etterunde rsøkelsen omfatter aktuelle symptomer, diagnose, sosial fungering og livskvalitet. I tillegg gjennomføres en nevrokognitiv undersøkelse. Bruk av behandling i oppfølgingsperioden vil også bli kartlagt.

Tildig intervensjon ved psykose.

Ny teknologi og høy endringstakt i samfunnet gir arbeidsplasser som er mer og mer kunnskapsintensive og krever stadig omstilling. Dette arbeidslivet krever arbeidere med høy kompetanse som ikke er redde for endringer, utfordringer eller tilordne seg ny kompetanse. Dersom man har liten tro på egne muligheter for å lære noe nytt og ta fatt på nye utfordringer, vil man risikere å falle fra arbeidsmarkedet. I Norge står nesten 10 prosent av unge utenfor skole, jobb eller jobbtrening. De står i risiko for langsiktig frafall fra arbeidsmarkedet.  
  
Basert på protokoller fra psykologi, har vi utviklet en app (RØST) som skal gi støtte til unge som søker jobb eller utdanning. Vi har gjort et grundig designarbeid i nært samarbeid med en pilotgruppe av unge NEET, forskere fra; Universitetet i Stavanger, University of Texas at Austin, Stavanger universitetssjukehus, og ansatte i NAV Rogaland for å tilpasse tiltaket til NEET ungdom. 

Vi har gjennomført en vellykket pilotering av appen med en brukergruppe i Rogaland, og fått verdifulle innsikter og tilbakemeldinger. Imidlertid er antallet respondenter alt for lavt til å trekke sikre konklusjoner om intervensjonen. I 2024 planlegger vi å utvide denne satsingen i samarbeid med NAV gjennom en storstilt utrulling slik at vi kan gjøre statistiske effektanalyser av appen.  

Prosjektet skal gi ny kunnskap om unge jobb- og skolesøkende, og om hvordan samfunnet bedre kan støtte dem. I tillegg vil appen gi de unge en mulighet til å bli hørt ved å gi deres meninger om prosjektet.

Technological advances and automation are making workplaces increasingly knowledge intensive, with many routine and well-defined jobs becoming redundant. The new labor market requires workers with high competencies who are not afraid of change, challenges and acquiring new skills. For people with weak beliefs in their capacity to learn, this could be a major risk factor for labor market exclusion. Indeed, today almost 10 percent of young adults in Norway are "Not in Education, Employment or Training" (NEET).

Based on protocols from psychology, we will develop an app (RØST), supporting young school or job applicants. This project will provide new knowledge about young NEETs, and how the society can support them in entering the labor market or education. Additionally, the project will give the young adults an opportunity voice their opinion about the project.

We use design thinking to adapt the content in RØST to the NEET population. This development process will be in close collaboration with a pilot group of NEET youth, researchers from University of Stavanger, Stavanger University Hospital, University of Texas at Austin and employees at NAV.

0 antall prosjekter

VAM-Velferd, arbeid og migrasjon

CLApp: A Career Learning APP for Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training

Tildelt: kr 10,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2019-2024

Sted: Rogaland