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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Midlene fra DIP-Design Pilot fordelt på år

Midlene fra DIP-Design Pilot fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra DIP-Design Pilot fordelt på fagområde

Sko av avfall fra fiskeindustrien

Primær skleroserende cholangitt (PSC) er en alvorlig og kronisk sykdom som rammer gallegangene og som ikke har noen medikamentell behandling. Derfor er det et stort behov for nye angrepspunkter for behandling, for å definere disse på god måte er det nødvendig med økt forståelse av sykdomsprosessen. Generelt er sykdomsutvikling avhengig av samspillet mellom en rekke forskjellige biologiske prosesser. I dette prosjektet vil vi undersøke flere av disse prosessene samtidig ved hjelp av flere nye og innovative teknikker. Vi vil bestemme de forskjellige cellene som antas å drive sykdomsprosessen med hensyn til aktive gener og lokalisering i vevet sammen med utvikling over tid parallelt og integrere denne informasjonen med avanserte algoritmer og beregningsmetoder. Denne tilnærmingen står i kontrast til tradisjonelle strategier som har hatt som mål å kartlegge sykdomsprosessen på et tidspunkt uten å ta hensyn vevsarkitekturen. I våre analyser vil vi undersøke både musemodeller for betennelse i gallegangene og PSC hos pasienter. Dette vil gjøre at vi kan identifisere fellesfaktorer som driver sykdom som vi deretter vil behandle i dyremodellene. Samlet sett kan kunnskapen fra de interagerende cellene hos pasienter og erfaringene fra behandling i dyremodellene gi oss en rettesnor for å utvikle fremtidig behandling av inflammatoriske gallegangssykdommer slik som PSC.

Biological processes are highly dynamic and require strict regulation of spatial and temporal interactions amongst the genome, transcriptome and proteome. Perturbations of a single biological layer (‘ome’) can impair cellular function and cause disease, but how the collective alterations influencing the onset and severity of pathogenesis remain poorly understood. To better delineate these overarching processes, experimental approaches integrating molecular, cellular, spatial and temporal findings are needed and hold strong potential for identifying critical pathways that maintain health and prevent disease.

Traditional strategies seeking to phenotype disease processes are often (1) low-throughput and limited to a handful of pre-selected markers or (2) imprecise and lacking sufficient resolution to distinguish general disease signatures from rare pathogenic signals. To overcome these constraints, we will use complementary molecular, cellular, spatial, and temporal methodologies to study liver pathology in 4-dimensions and specifically address the process of immune-mediated bile duct destruction in the chronic inflammatory bile duct disease primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). 

By applying cutting-edge single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, tissue clarification and 3D immunohistochemistry histology alongside organoid co-cultures and murine experimental models, we aim to pinpoint the key interactions that govern the health and destruction of liver bile ducts from pre-inflammation to end-stage PSC (i.e. PSC interactome) and target these interaction in preclinical animal models. Our approach of combining unbiased, high-resolution multiomics with robust functional approaches will greatly improve upon previous efforts of establishing the PSC interactome and aims to define the important biological networks underlying biliary inflammation which are amendable to intervention.

Multiomic 4-dimensional identification of novel treatment targets for bile duct inflammation

Samspillet mellom immunforsvaret og miljøet er en viktig drivkraft for mange inflammatoriske og autoinflammatoriske sykdommer. I dette prosjektet vil vi undersøke denne interaksjonen med et mikrofluidikksystem der rør og pumper vil representere gallegangene og blodkarene. Med dette systemet vil vi sirkulere immunceller for å undersøke immunprosesser i gallegangene. Systemet vil bli konstruert ved hjelp av museceller og humane celler fra pasienter. Dette er spesielt relevant for to viktige inflammatoriske sykdommer som angriper gallegangene, primær skleroserende kolangitt (PSC) og primær biliær cirrhose (PBC). Vi har tilgang til materiale fra pasienter med begge disse tilstandene. For å kunne bruke denne teknologien sammen med pasientmateriale har vi etablert et samarbeid mellom fagområdene immunologi, utviklingsbiologi og stamcellestudier. Både prosjektledere og flere av samarbeidspartnereene er tilknyttet et norsk senter for fremragende forskning (SFF) som spesielt arbeider med mikrofluidikk-systemer for å studere biologi. Etter å ha utviklet systemet for gallegangsstudier, vil vi bruke det til å sirkulere galle og immunceller og undersøke hvordan vi kan modulere immunaktiveringen ved hjelp av forskjellige farmakologiske substanser med mål om å oppdage nye behandlingsmodaliteter.

The interaction between the immune system and the environment is believed to be the driving force behind most inflammatory and auto-inflammatory diseases. We will model this inflammatory process in the bile ducts using an organ-on-a-chip (OoC) system with a specific focus on unconventional T-cells represented by mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT) and natural killer T (NKT) cells. Inflammation in the bile ducts is the hallmark for two important inflammatory conditions affecting the bile ducts, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We have access to biobanked clinical material from patients with both of these conditions. In addition, our laboratory has access to all the relevant mouse models for studying NKT and MAIT biology and mouse models for bile duct inflammation. Specifically, in this project we have joined forces from the fields of immunology, developmental biology and stem cells aiming to use OoC systems to understand bile duct immunology. The project leader and the collaborators are affiliated with the Norwegian center of excellence hybrid technology hub (HTH) that is currently developing a modularized OoC system. We will build on expertise at HTH and develop the DUCT chip modelling the bile ducts. After developing the DUCT chip, we will use microfluidics to circulate bile and immune cells in separate circuits on the chip with a bile duct lined by cholangiocytes from human or murine organoids. This will allow us to uncover biological processes governing antigen presentation in the bile ducts that we will modulate/”treat” by pharmacological agents.

DUCT chip – Immune studies using a bile duct on a chip

Betennelse i gallegangene er et stort klinisk problem hos pasienter med de kroniske leversykdommene primær skleroserende kolangitt (PSC) og primær biliær kolangitt (PBC). Begge disse sykdommene er viktige indikasjoner for levertransplantasjon. Tidligere studier har vist at bakterier i tarmen spiller en rolle i PSC og PBC. I dette prosjektet har vi en hypotese om at at ukonvensjonelle immunceller, som er immunceller som ikke aktiveres av proteiner, men isteden av lipider og små-molekylære substanser, kan utgjøre forbindelsen mellom bakteriene i tarmen og betennelsen som finner sted i galleveiene.

Unconventional T-lymphocytes are an abundant component of the immune system with an important function at mucosal surfaces of which natural killer T (NKT)-cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are major subsets. The microbiome is important in defining the function of unconventional T-cells. The bile duct is ideally placed for studies of unconventional T-cells since the liver harbours the highest number of unconventional T-cells and the bile ducts represent the interface to the external milieu. The immunological process at this interface is relevant for the two diseases primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), both of which are important indications for liver transplantation. In the present project, it is hypothesised that unconventional T-cells play a major role in bile duct inflammation. This will be examined in four work-packages covering human studies and the use of advanced mouse models. In WP1 bile from patients will be examined for antigens potentially activating unconventional T-cells. In WP2 and WP3 we will use animal models of bile duct inflammation and test whether the inflammation is amenable to manipulation by altering the levels and activation of unconventional T-cells and by rendering the mice germ-free. In the final WP4 we will turn the attention back to the patients and examine unconventional T-cells at different stages of disease, perform in vitro experiments mimicking the disease process, and correlate these findings with the animal models. The work will be carried out by the applicant, one postdoc and one PhD student using locally established infrastructure and in collaboration with leading international experts in the field. PSC and PBC represent important health problem affecting young individuals. The present project aims to identify treatment targets that can potentially generate novel treatment with major implications for these patients.

0 antall prosjekter

FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Multiomic 4-dimensional identification of novel treatment targets for bile duct inflammation

Tildelt: kr 12,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2021-2027

Sted: Oslo

FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

DUCT chip – Immune studies using a bile duct on a chip

Tildelt: kr 12,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2021-2027

Sted: Oslo

FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Unconventional T-cells in bile duct inflammation

Tildelt: kr 8,1 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2018-2024

Sted: Oslo