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Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

HESTEFORSK - Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Tenk på universet som en enorm ballong som alltid utvider seg. Jo lenger unna et punkt er på ballongen, jo raskere beveger det seg bort fra deg. Dette ligner på hvordan universet utvider seg, jo lenger unna en galakse er, jo raskere beveger den seg bort fra oss på jorden.

I mange år trodde forskerne at universets ekspansjon ble bremset. Begrunnelsen deres var at gravitasjonskraften fra all materie i universet virket mot denne utvidelsen. Imidlertid gjorde kosmologer i 1998 en overraskende oppdagelse gjennom studiet av fjerne supernovaer: utvidelsen av universet akselererer faktisk!

Dette betyr at avstanden mellom galaksene blir større og større i stadig økende hastighet. Det er som om ballongen blåses opp raskere og raskere.

Forskere vet ikke nøyaktig hva som får universet til å akselerere. De kaller den ukjente kraften som får dette til å skje "mørk energi". Mørk energi er overalt i universet, men den mørke energien vekselvirker ikke med materie i de formene som vi kan observere direkte.

NEVO-prosjektet er et nytt forsøk på å forstå egenskapene til mørk energi. NEVO vil bruke kraftige datamaskiner for å simulere universet og studere effekten av kandidater til den mørke energien på en måte som aldri har vært gjort før. Ved å studere disse simuleringene og utnytte høypresisjons-observasjonene fra Euclid-teleskopet som nylig er skutt opp i rommet, vil kosmologene være i stand til å bedre betydelig vår forståelse av den mørke energiens gåtefulle natur.

The Universe has entered an accelerating expansion phase in the last few billion years of its evolution, a phenomenon that is caused by the mysterious entity known as dark energy. Through the NEVO proposal, I aim to provide key insights about the properties of dark energy, which includes its time evolution and spatial distribution in the Universe. This objective will be achieved by utilizing cutting-edge cosmological N-body simulations and novel techniques to study cosmic EVOlution accurately.

A comprehensive understanding of the nature of dark energy requires a thorough investigation of viable candidates and their impact on different stages of the Universe. However, the consistent and accurate modeling of dark energy candidates has been largely neglected so far. To address this gap, I propose the development of a novel, integrated framework that utilizes state-of-the-art relativistic N-body simulations along with the hi_class code, to accurately model dark energy candidates in both linear and non-linear scales.

NEVO: illuminating the dark cosmos

Global natur- og miljøforvaltning er en av vår tids mest sentralt og vanskellige mål. Mange av utfordringene skyldes motsetningene mellom vår fragmenterte politiske verden og økosystemer som ikke forholder seg til landegrenser eller politiske skillelinjer.
Ulike biologiske samfunn (biomer) som ligger i én stat, kan ikke løsrives fra et større økosystem. Derfor er flere «lokale» naturområder blitt del av den globale miljøforvaltningen.
Prosjektet RESOLVING skal se på politiske løsninger for en naturforvaltning som både er:
(i) lokal: som del av en stats territorium og hjem til ulike befolkningsgrupper
(ii) global: som kritiske deler av planetens økosystem
Hva betyr denne forvaltningen på flere nivåer for staters suverenitet?
Vi vet allerede mye om utfordringene nasjonalt oppdelt myndighet utgjør for effektiv forvaltning av jordens økosystemer. Vi vet derimot langt mindre om hvordan forsøkene på å styre jordens komplekse og grenseløse økosystemer faktisk kan endre selve systemet som forsinker den globale forvaltningen: statlig suverenitet.
RESOLVING vil prøve å forstå denne dynamikken ved å undersøke gruppene som faktisk utøver internasjonal naturforvaltning på vegne av eller parallelt med statene. Prosjektet vil her se nærmere på styringen av to områder som er viktige for hele verden: Amazonas-regnskogen og Guineabukta.
RESOLVING undersøker hvordan tiltak for å ta vare på disse områdene – laget på både internasjonalt, nasjonalt og lokalt nivå – fungerer sammen. Hvilke aktører får mer makt? Hvem blir inkludert i beslutningsprosessene og hvem blir utelatt?

The RESOLVING project asks: How does global governance of nature transform the exercise of sovereign power? Scientific evidence of the environment as a complex system of planetary dimensions has elevated several natural resources as objects of global governance. Primary forests and maritime biomes particularly capture global attention because of their systemic relevance for our planetary ecosystem. Still, international politics operates within a framework locating authority over nature indivisibly into territorially discrete and independent states. This project investigates the implications for sovereignty stemming from the construction of nature as a global governance object. We build on existing conceptualizations of sovereignty as a combination of de jure sovereign authority and bundles of de facto sovereign competence. In the case of nature, while permanent sovereignty over natural resources is an immutable property of state authority, a wider range of actors can be involved in defining the ways in which these resources are governed or even in governing them. RESOLVING will focus on two parcels of local nature especially entangled in global governance: the Amazon rainforest and the Gulf of Guinea. The project will investigate how networks of actors work across levels of governance to produce sovereign competence and exert sovereign power over nature in these regions. Sovereign power is the capacity to achieve de facto sovereign competence, here identified as the capacity to define and implement the rules of human–nature interaction. We look at multilevel governance from three angles: the global, the state, and the local. The comparative analysis of those networks across levels, regions, and regimes complexes will allow for identifying the mechanisms driving the rebundling of sovereign power with or away from the state, and a better understanding of the consequences of that process.

Rebundling sovereignty over local nature in global governance

NewbornTime - Forbedret nyfødtomsorg basert på video og kunstig intelligens

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på år

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på fagområde

Professor

The NewbornTime project is about improved newborn care by using artificial intelligence (AI) for activity and event recognition in video from the time during and after birth. 

Deprivation of oxygen to an infant during and after birth might lead to birth asphyxia, one of the leading causes of newborn deaths, cerebral palsy and other long-term damage. According to guidelines, a newborn in need of help to start breathing should be resuscitated immediately after birth. Resuscitation activities include stimulating, clearing airways, and perform bag-mask-ventilation. In Norway, approximately 10% of term infants need stimulation and around 3% need bag-mask ventilation. 

NewbornTime will produce a timeline describing events and activities performed on a newborn. Accurate time of birth will be detected using AI models from thermal videos collected in the delivery room. Activity recognition will be performed using AI in the form of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) on thermal and RGB video from the resuscitation. The system will be designed to recognize multiple time-overlapping activities. Care will be given to make the AI models robust, reliable, general, and adaptive to be able to use it at different hospitals and settings. The timelines will be used to evaluate compliance to guidelines and identify successful resuscitation activity patterns. It can further be useful in a de-briefing and quality improvement tool. 

The project is a collaboration between University of Stavanger (UiS), Stavanger University Hospital (SUS), Laerdal Medical and BitYoga. UiS, SUS and Laerdal has long experience in collaborative research on newborn care. They have documented promising results on detecting activities using resuscitation videos from a hospital in Tanzania. In NewbornTime the data collection will be performed at SUS. BitYoga and Laerdal will ensure smart GDPR compliant data-contracts and data-platforms. UiS will develop site-adaptive AI methods for activity recognition in video. 


NewbornTime was officially launched in March 2021. The following results have been achieved by 30th November 2021: 
 
Preparation and information: 
- The project has received approval from REK (Regional ethical committee) and NSD (Norwegian center for research data). 

- Data processing agreements between partners and subcontractors have been signed 

- Information material for participants and employees is designed and includes information video, emails, websites for participants in Norwegian and English as well as a website with project information ( www.uis.no/newborntime ) 

- A user-group has been created and the first meeting completed 
- Several interviews about the project have been given to the mass-media  

Appointments: 
- PhD research fellow, Jorge García-Torres Fernandez, employed starting 09.08.2021, PhD project title: «Event and activity recognition from thermal and optical videos during birth and newborn resuscitation» 

- Postdoc candidate has signed contract and expected start-up is in January 2022. 

Development of technical solutions: 

- Video recording system is implemented at SUS. Thermal cameras are installed at 4 delivery rooms as well as the operating room for caesarean section, two cameras in each room. Thermal cameras are also installed in two resuscitation rooms, where optical cameras are located above the resuscitation stations. 

- First version of the digital consent solution has been implemented 

- Cloud-based data storage system is implemented with the following features: 
a) Security by VPN and data encryption 
b) Automatic collection of consent information and study ID from  digital consent solution 
c) Data is processed and uploaded in cloud storage in de-identified form after 48 hours only if consent has been given. 


Data collection:
- Some simulation data has been collected in autumn 2021 
- Collection of consent started 15.11.2021 
- Data collection started on 15.11.2021.

Birth asphyxia is a primary cause of death in newborns as well as the main cause of cerebral palsy and other development disorders in children, and immediate resuscitation of the newborn is crucial to reduce the risk.  The NewbornTime project will provide a tool for quality improvement of newborn resuscitation both at a macro level, challenging current guidelines, and at a micro level providing a debriefing and quality improvement tool. Ultimately, this can have a significant impact in reducing long-term damage and save lives.

The project aims to utilize video recordings from births and newborn resuscitation situations to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system, NewbornTimeline, for automatic timeline generation of time of birth as well as potential resuscitation activities like ventilation, stimulation, suction, and the number of health care providers involved. The system input will be based on thermal video from the delivery room and RGB (+ thermal) video from the resuscitation table.
NewbornTime will use thermal cameras in the delivery room and develop video processing algorithms to accurately detect the time of birth. Potential obstacles between newborns and cameras require multiple thermal cameras and real-world data  to develop robust algorithms. 
The project aims to explore semi-supervised learning of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for partly un-labeled and untrimmed videos for activity recognition during newborn resuscitation, as labeling of activities will be both time consuming and have privacy issues. There will also be a focus on solutions that can adapt to on-site environments, since variations between hospitals in different countries can be extensive. NewbornTime will develop a GDPR compliant and secure digital patient consent handling system and cloud-based storage for sensitive data. Such solutions can be transferred to other areas of video activity recognition on sensitive data for medical situations, as well as other non-sensitive data.

NewbornTime – Improved newborn care based on video and artificial intelligence

For at et nytt individ skal utvikle seg fra et befruktet egg til et embryo er det avgjørende at de rette områdene av genomet (DNA-molekylet), og genene som ligger i disse områdene, blir aktivert. Kontrollen over det befruktede egget skal overføres fra egget til det nydannede embryoet.
 
En nøkkelfaktor i en celles program er kjemiske merkelapper på histonproteiner. Histonene pakker to meter med DNA i hver celle. Merkelappene på histonene danner en kode som forteller hvilke deler av DNAet som skal brukes til enhver tid. Denne kodingen kommer i tillegg til DNAet (genetikken) og kalles epigenetikk. En sammenlikning med en computer kan være nyttig - tenk på DNA med genene våre som "hardware" og programmet som er kodet i epigenetikken som "software" som styrer når, og i hvilke celler ulike gener skal brukes.
 
Vår kartlegging av histonkoden i eggceller hos mus har ført til at vi oppdaget et helt unikt program som kun finnes i eggceller. Dette nyoppdagede programmet i eggceller og overføring gjennom arv til neste generasjon er absolutt nødvendig for dannelsen av et nytt individ. En kan si at det er selve livets "software", nødvendig for at en generasjon kan gi opphav til den neste. 

Våre grunnleggende oppdagelser ble gjort i mus og vi skal nå undersøker om et tilsvarende program finnes hos mennesker og andre arter. I nært samarbeid med Kvinneklinikken ved OUS skal vi studere om feil i dette programmet er involvert i infertilitet hos mennesker. Videre skal vi undersøke detaljene i hvordan dette programmet styres og reguleres, med et langsiktig mål om å bidra til bedre infertilitetsbehandling.

Vi har beskrevet et enzym og en mekansime som virker i eggceller for å beskytte eggcelleprogrammet. Dersom denne mekansimen ødelegges ved å fjerne enzymet KDM4A fører det til feil i eggcelleprogrammet som arves til embryoet som deretter resulterer i svikt i embryoutviklingen.

Vi har viderutviklet vår verdensledende metode slik at vi også kan studere enkeltoocytter og enkeltembryo. Dette tillater at vi vil få en dypere innsikt i embryoutviklingen.

A long-standing challenge in life science is to understand epigenetic inheritance, its role in maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) and epigenetic reprogramming in early embryo development. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the passing of human life from one generation to the next and could be critical for assuring high quality of embryos during assisted reproduction.

In order to maximize the success rates of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, patients undergo a controlled ovarian stimulation. As a result, a patient can have multiple fertilized eggs available for embryo transfer and cryopreservation. It is therefore of critical importance to select embryos capable of onward development, implantation, and which may lead to a live birth. Current state of the art approaches typically fails to give a live birth rate of more than 25-30% after transfer of a single embryo to the uterus of a patient.

First, we seek to confirm the likely conservation of the key epigenetic program of broad H3K4me3 domains also in human oocytes, building on our recent breakthrough findings in the mouse (Dahl et al., Nature, 2016, 537:548-52). Second, we aim to establish mechanistic insight to the establishment and execution of the newly discovered epigenetic program for early embryo development through studies in the mouse. Third, we aim to elucidate to what extent aberrations in the epigenetic program is responsible for poor IVF outcomes in the clinic. With this proposal we will study the epigenetic mechanisms involved in oocyte developmental competence and gain deeper insight into the basic biology of mammalian embryo development. Understanding this process at the molecular level will provide new tools and open new strategies to diagnose the origin of infertility and improve treatments of this condition. It will also provide new biomarkers useful to predict oocyte and embryo quality during in vitro fertilization, hence holds a realistic potential for innovation.

Mechanistic understanding of epigenetic inheritance to improve the outcome of in vitro fertilization in the clinic

Kosttilskuddet nikotinamid ribosid som er en form for vitamin B3 har vist seg å være trygt i mennesker og ha en lang rekke positive effekter i dyreforsøk. I dette prosjektet vil vi gi en gruppe pasienter på sykehus dette tilskuddet i en tidligfase studie. Det betyr at vi både skal se om det hvordan det tolereres og at vi skal prøve å finne passelig  dose for pasienter som er innlagt på sykehus. Vi vil sammenlikne virkninger og bivirkninger mellom de som får vitaminet og de som ikke får det. 
I studien skal vi også bruke helt nye målemetoder for å måle biologisk aldring og utforske hvordan disse kan brukes i kliniske studier. Dette er viktig fordi det er i ferd med å bli utviklet svært gode metoder for å måle biologisk alder. Vi tror at disse metodene kan brukes til å finne ut om nye medisiner påvirker aldringsprosessen. Dette kan bli viktig i fremtiden. I tillegg kommer det hele tiden nye produkter på markedet som kan ha negative langtidseffekter på kroppen og vi tror slike målemetoder kan brukes til å oppdage farlige  produkter mye tidligere enn det som er mulig i dag. For eksempel tok det mange tiår før man oppdaget at sigaretter farlige noe som kunne blitt oppdaget på et år med disse nye målemetodene. Siden disse målemetodene ser ut til å måle biologisk alder vil bruken av de i en klinisk studie gi helt ny innsikt i aldringsprosessen.

Confidential information omitted
Human populations across the world are aging at an unprecedented rate. A great mystery is why some people age successfully, maintaining robust physical and mental functioning throughout a long life while others experience premature senescence affecting cellular, biological and functional health. Understanding the causes of these differences in patterns and rates of aging and investigate possible interventions is one of the most intriguing challenges confronting the biology of aging. Progress on these fronts have tremendous implications for public health.
The use of the methylome offers a particularly powerful approach for capturing biological age. While it has long been known that changes in the epigenetic landscape drive development, only recently have we begun to map age-related epigenetic dysregulation and exploit new methodologies that allow us to capture such changes as important biomarkers of healthy aging and biological age. This approach holds the promise of being highly transformative; it can be used to quickly measure the effects of interventions aimed influencing the aging rate which is what we aim to test in the proposed project. Additionally, they can predict which individuals are at an elevated risk of particular age-related diseases and will, ultimately, help guide decisions in personalized medicine for treatments and interventions.  
More than decade of research has built a convincing case that that a dietary supplement, nicotinamide riboside (NR), is both safe in humans and prolongs lifespan through reducing the rate of aging in healthy old mice. In the proposed project, we will use NR in a clinical study and compare clinical relevant outcomes with the change over the study period of the epigenetic clocks. We will include patients with pre-diagnostic samples available in the large Norwegian Janus cohort and biobank and we will validate the long-term predictive power of the new biological age predictors in this cohort

0 antall prosjekter

FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Mechanistic understanding of epigenetic inheritance to improve the outcome of in vitro fertilization in the clinic

Tildelt: kr 8,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2019-2024

Sted: Oslo

BEHANDLING-God og treffsikker diagnostikk, behandling og rehabilitering

Targeting Aging and improving patient outcome with Nicotinamide Riboside

Tildelt: kr 8,4 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2019-2024

Sted: Oslo