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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


FramSki – Fremtidens fluorfrie langrennsski

Midlene fra BIA-Brukerstyrt innovasjonsarena fordelt på år

Midlene fra BIA-Brukerstyrt innovasjonsarena fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra BIA-Brukerstyrt innovasjonsarena fordelt på fagområde

Førsteamanuensis

Langrenn er viktig for nordmenn både som underholdning og som treningsform. Nytt utstyr med bedre ytelse er viktig for forbrukere, og noe av det som gjør at varemerker som Swix og Madshus står såpass sterkt. FramSki skal utvikle teknologi for langrennsski på tre nivåer: skikonstruksjon (makro), skistruktur (mikro) og smøreprodukter (nano).

Tidligere forskning utført på NTNU har funnet klare sammenhenger mellom skiens grunnleggende utforming og glid. Videre utforskning av disse sammenhengene skal danne grunnlaget for den nye skikonstruksjonen FramSki. Den nye skikonstruksjonen vil også bedre legge til rette for individuelle justeringer av skiens egenskaper, og skal i mye større grad kunne skreddersys til både skiløperens preferanser og snøens egenskaper på den aktuelle konkurransedagen. Mulighetene for å både reparere og resirkulere skadede ski vil bli bedre med det nye FramSki-konseptet.
Skisålen er den delen av skien som er i kontakt med snøen og sålestrukturen (ofte kalt slipen) har enorm betydning for skiens friksjon. Vi skal jobbe videre med en ny teknologi utviklet i Nano2Glide-prosjektet hvor man bruker laser til å strukturere skisålen på mikroskala. Med laser kan man omgå mange av begrensningene i dagens state-of-the-art som er steinsliping.

På nanonivå er det de kjemiske interaksjonene mellom skien og snøen som bestemmer friksjonsnivået. Felles for vanlige glidprodukter i dag er at de er basert på et lag av parafinvoks med forskjellige additiver. I FramSki skal vi utvikle kjemi som skal kunne brukes som en permanent overflatebahandling av skien. Dette vil kunne gi større slitestyrke enn tradisjonelle parafinvokser og det vil også kunne gi stor fleksibilitet i hvilke friksjonsmodifiserende kjemiske grupper man kan bruke.

FramSki er et helhetlig konsept som vil gjøre skiene raskere, men også skisporten mer ansvarlig og bærekraftig. Ved tett samarbeid mellom akademia og industri vil forskningsresultatene raskt kunne kommersialiseres og skape økt skiglede.

During the winter season, skiing is important for the health and well-being of Norwegians. Cross-country, alpine and randonee skiing are examples of popular activities that are also significant for the Norwegian economy through tourism, equipment production, and the service industry (sports stores, etc.). Starting from the 2023-2024 ski season, a complete ban on fluorine will be implemented in the sport. On certain surfaces, illegal fluorinated wax can provide athletes with significant advantages.

The FramSki project has an ambitious goal of developing a package consisting of: 1) a completely redesigned, glide-optimized ski construction, 2) a new method for sole structuring using lasers, and 3) fluorine-free ski surface treatment with improved durability and tunability. When combined, these three packages aim to outperform the performance of current state-of-the-art cross-country skis with fluorinated glide wax. To achieve this, friction must be understood across various scales, and the concept must be developed based on knowledge and in a holistic manner. The ski's construction represents the macro level, the structure represents the micro level, and the ski wax handles friction at the nano level.

The central research and development challenges in FramSki lie in understanding friction at different scales and using this knowledge to develop a product with optimal performance. To accomplish this, we have assembled a research team that will work together on optimizing ski construction, developing new structuring methods and create a novel fluorine-free covalent surface treatment with improved durability. We aim to conclude the project with a joint proof-of-concept where the complete FramSki concept is tested against state-of-the-art skis with conventional glide wax.

FramSki - The future of high-performance responsible skiing

Helsemyndighetene i Norge har satt politiske mål for å redusere bruken av tvang ovenfor dem med alvorlige psykiske lidelser. Tvang er kontroversielt, og det er uklart hvor god overenstemmelse det er mellom de politiske føringene og perspektivene til dem som utsettes for og dem som utøver tvang. Henvisninger til tvangsbehandling kommer oftest fra fastleger eller andre kommunale tjenester. Derfor trenger vi kunnskap om både kommunale- og spesialisttjenester for å identifisere hvor potensialet for å redusere bruken av tvang ligger. Det er stor variasjon i tvangsbruken mellom tjenestene og regionene i Norge, noe som i seg selv indikerer at det kan være potensiale for reduksjon der bruken er høy. Siden det ikke finnes gode beskrivelser av omfanget av variasjonen eller analyser av hvorvidt variasjonen korrelerer med de lokale populasjonene, er potensialet for reduksjon også ukjent. Intervensjoner for å redusere tvangsbruk på sykehus har vist gode resultater. Ingen slik intervensjon har blitt utviklet eller testet for hverken kommunal setting eller den norske tjenestekonteksten. 

Med denne studien vil vi fylle disse kunnskapshullene. Fem arbeidspakker vil svare på følgende spørsmål:
-Arbeidspakke 1: Hvordan er 'problemet' med tvang representert i offentlige politiske dokumenter, blant brukere og helsepersonell og hvor god er overensstemmelsen mellom de løsningene som presenteres der og det som gjøres i dag for å redusere tvangsbruken?
-Arbeidspakke 2: Hvor stor er variasjonen i bruk av tvang mellom tjenestene og hva karakteriserer tjenester med høyt og lavt nivå av tvangsbruk? 
-Arbeidspakke 3: Hva er prediktorer for og utfallene av variasjon i bruken av tvang?
-Arbeidspakke 4: Kan en intervensjon på kommune nivå, utviklet på bakgrunn av 1-3, redusere bruken av tvang?
-Arbeidspakke 5: Hva er implikasjonene av 1-4 for hvordan vi skal utøve gode, etisk forsvarlige tjenester og hvordan kan denne kunnskapen implementeres i praksis?

Progresjon desember 2022:
I arbeidspakke 1 holder vi på med en stor systematisk litteraturgjennomgang av 250 internasjonale forskningsartikler om pasienters syn på negative virkninger av tvang, og hvordan de mener disse best kan unngås.

I arbeidspakke 2 og 3 bruker vi komplette data på all bruk av tvungent psykisk helsevern fra Norsk pasientregister 2014-19. Vi har så langt publisert tre artikler, som viser betydelig variasjon mellom opptaksområder i bruk av tvang. Disse har fått bred mediedekning, noe som viser samfunnsmessig interesse i arbeidet. Tore Hofstads doktorgradsavhandling på dette temaet skal forsvares 9. desember 2022 ved Universitetet i Oslo.

I arbeidspakke 4 har vi, i samskapning med fem norske kommuner, utviklet en intervensjon på kommunenivå for å redusere antall henvisninger til og innleggelse på tvang. Kommunene testet ut denne i en klyngerandomisert studie i 2021. Tre artikler er publisert på bakgrunn av et kartleggingsarbeid av dagens praksis som ble utført for å utvikle intervensjonen, og disse fokuserer på hva som karakteriserer veiene inn mot tvang, og hvor de som jobber i kommunalt psykisk helsearbeid ser potensialet for redusert bruk av tvang. Dette la grunnlaget for Irene Wormdahl sitt doktorgradsprosjekt, og hun disputerte i juni 2022. Vi venter på data fra Norsk pasientregister for å måle effekten på antall tvangsinnleggelser, og en artikkel som evaluerer implementeringsprosessen er under arbeid.

I arbeidspakke 5 har vi publisert en artikkel om etiske problemstillinger knyttet til geografisk variasjon i bruk av tvangsinnleggelser. 

Alle publikasjonene fra prosjektet er publisert 'Open Access' og dermed tilgjengelige for alle.

This project addresses the policy ambition of reducing compulsion of people with severe mental illness. Compulsion remains controversial, and it is not clear how public policy match the concerns of those subjected to compulsion and those who carry it out. As referrals for compulsion often comes from GPs or municipal services, an understanding of both primary and specialist levels of health and social care is needed to identify potential for reduction. There is significant variation in the use of compulsion across services and regions of Norway, which might indicate scope for reduction where prevalence is high. However, as the extent of service variation has not been fully established, and no analysis exits of how current compulsion levels correlate to population profiles, this remains unknown. Implementation of interventions aimed to reduce compulsion in hospital and in specialists out-patient services have shown positive outcomes. No such intervention has been developed or tested for the municipal setting nor tailored for the Norwegian service context.

In this study we aim to address these knowledge gaps. Five work packages seek to answer the following questions: 

-  WP 1: How is the 'problem' of coercion represented in public policy, among service users and health professionals and how are the identified solutions aligned with current efforts to reduce it?
-  WP2: What is the level of service variation in compulsion and what characterises services with high and low compulsion rates?
-  WP 3: What are population predictors for and effects of service variation in compulsion?
-  WP 4: Can a tailored intervention at the municipal level reduce the rate of compulsion?
-  WP5: What are the implications of findings in WP1-4 for the delivery of good quality, ethical services and how can this be implemented into services and education?

0 antall prosjekter

HELSEVEL-Gode og effektive helse-, omsorgs- og velferdstjenester

How can we reduce the use of compulsion of people with severe mental illness? A cross-sectoral, multi-methods study

Tildelt: kr 15,3 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2018-2024

Sted: Akershus