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Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Midlene fra SKATT-Skatteøkonomi fordelt på år

Midlene fra SKATT-Skatteøkonomi fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra SKATT-Skatteøkonomi fordelt på fagområde

Seniorforsker

The implications of using different measures of tax progressivity have, however, not been sufficiently addressed. In this project we intend to explore the implications of using different measures of tax progressivity by ranking various countries in terms of redistributive effects. Lambert and Thoresen (2005) found, when applying the Blackorby and Donaldson (1984) index of tax progressivity, based on the Atkinson index of income inequality, that the Norwegian tax system is not that redistributive. This mig ht be surprising given the perception of Scandinavian economies being very redistributive.However, this result is perfectly intuitive given the cost of proportional taxation concept of the Blackorby-Donaldson index: it measures the proportion of after-tax  income the social decision maker would hypothetically pay to convert a flat tax system into the given one. 

A main point here is that results of cross-national comparisons will not be independent of which measure is employed. There are reasons to expect  differing results, dependent on the choice of index. In this work, the authors will explore thoroughly the normative underpinning of all measures in the literature, in order to determine the meaningfulness of derived rankings and provide some recommendat ions for the practitioners. Moreover, we hope in this way to arrive at a full appreciation of Norway's place in the world of international tax systems. 

Thus, this project aims at answering two questions: Firstly, it examines to what extent international  rankings depend on choice of measure, which is important information for practitioners. Secondly, it enables a much more informed discussion of Norwegian tax redistribution, in an international setting.

Cross-national comparisons of redistributional effects: tax progressivity in Norway in an international perspective

Prosjektet «4D-CT» handler om å kunne gjøre 3D bilder av systemer som utvikler seg over tid. Et godt eksempel på dette er flerfasestrømning av væsker i porøse materialer som f.eks. stein og jord. For å få høy oppløsning både langs tid- og rom-dimensjonene, er det behov for gode målemetoder og algoritmer.  I 4D-CT-prosjektet er et hovedmål å utvikle forbedrede eksperimentelle metoder basert på røntgenstråling og synlig lys for å gjøre kvantitativ avbildning. Dette innebærer at numerisk informasjon om f.eks. tetthetsfordelinger kan trekkes ut fra mikroskopibildene. Eksperimentelle metoder som kan bidra til å forstå komplekse elektroniske, mekaniske og termiske materialegenskaper, er etterspurt. 4D mikroskopi (3D + tid) er i økende grad brukt i mange vitenskapelige felt. 
Lagring av CO2 i nedlagte petroleumsreservoar anses å være en av de mest lovende teknologier for å håndtere de store klimautfordringene med CO2-ansamling i atmosfæren. I 2020 lyktes vi med å følge karboniseringsprosessen i sement eksponert for CO2 under høy temperatur og trykk ved å bruke CT i en skreddersydd prøvecelle (Chavez et al, Env. Sci. Tech, 2022), et studium som har fått betydelig internasjonal oppmerksomhet. 
Et høydepunkt fra 2021 var en serie 3D CT studier med diffraksjonskontrast, anvendt på både geologiske og biologiske materialer. Et eksempel på sistnevnte er et studium av overgangssonen mellom bein og brusk i kneledd (Mürer et al, Scientific Reports, 2021). Diffraksjonskontrast gir 3D bilder med nanoskala informasjon om både den lokale romlige orienteringen av fibervev og mineralfordelingen inni beinet. 
I 2022 hadde vi betydelig framgang med å utvikle Fourier ptychografi-mikroskop (FPM) basert på synlig lys. Flere artikler har blitt publisert om dette temaet, med Optics Express (Gholamimayani et al, 2022) som et høydepunkt. Polarisasjonskontroll inngår også i mikroskopet, som gir tilleggsinformasjon om orienterte strukturer i prøven. 
I 2023 har vi brukt kvantitativ fasekontrast-avbildning til å studere mikroskopiske defekter i glass, motivert av antiterrorisme og generell sikkerhet. Dette arbeidet er publisert i Applied Physics Letters (Tekseth et al, 2023). Et annet prioritert tema har vært CT studier av væsker i porøse medier, som har stor samfunnsrelevans, eksempelvis innen klima og forurensning. Nye algoritmer gjør at vi har kunnet redusere måletiden for CT-skann på vårt hjemmelaboratorium fra ca. 1 time til mindre enn 1 minutt, hvilket åpner for nye vitenskapelige oppdagelser. Vi har også gjort dreneringsmålinger av porøse medier ved ESRF, med svært interessante resultater, som nå er i ferd med å publiseres. Sist, men ikke minst, har vi studert 3D-orden i flytende krystaller – et originalt arbeid som vi ser fram til å publisere. 
Vi jobber fortsatt med å utvikle vårt fase-kontrast røntgenmikroskop ved NTNU. Et spesielt positivt aspekt ved 4D-CT-prosjektet er de mange resulterende aktivitetene vi har med eksterne partnere, inkludert nye prosjekter, industrisamarbeid og ny vitenskapelige og teknologiske utvikling. 
Viktige milepæler i 2024 blir nyskapende eksperimenter, seminar med industri, og flere gode artikler som skal publiseres.

Computational microscopy is a hot topic in optics, promising to revolutionize the image forming process by actively employing sophisticated computer algorithms. High-resolution microscopy has until recently been synonymous with expensive, heavy and bulky hardware. In the X-ray regime, the lack of high-quality objective lenses has during the last decade prompted the development of lens-less imaging, based on retrieving images from coherent diffraction patterns. In this project, we shall further develop Fourier Ptychography (FP), which is a coherent imaging method relying on synthesizing a high-bandwidth image from a series of low-bandwidth images. Reflection-mode FP microscopy in the visual optical range will established - including a smartphone compatible demonstrator. We further aim to construct the world's first X-ray FP microscope, which we hypothesize will prove superior to competing coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) schemes in terms of high resolution and fast reliable operation, because of the robustness introduced by the physical objective lens. High-performance computing and artificial intelligence will be integral parts of these efforts. An exceptional team with internationally leading competence within the fields of X-ray physics, optics and high-performance computing has been assembled. The project is of high relevance to the upcoming X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), but also to the advanced study of porous and other functional materials. An overarching theme in the project is quite literally to illuminate the subtle interplay between optical hardware and clever software with the aim of obtaining new fundamental insights as well as readily applicable new microscopy schemes - a topic with profound scientific and societal consequences.

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FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

4D Computed Tomography of Porous Materials

Tildelt: kr 9,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2018-2026

Sted: Trøndelag - Trööndelage