2019

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Forskningssystemet

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Banebrytende forskning

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Samisk samfunn og kultur

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Demokrati og global utvikling

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Velferd og utdanning

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Helse

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Mat og bioressurser

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Muliggjørende teknologier

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Klima, miljø og energi

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Samfunnstryggleik og beredskap

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Tillit og fellesskap

LTP2 Utvikle fagmiljøer av fremragende kvalitet

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LTP3 Helse

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Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

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Om Prosjektbanken

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Nærings- og fiskerid

Kunnskapsdepartement

Diverse

Matematikk og naturvitenskap

Akershus

LTP3 Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

LTP3 Et kunnskapsintensivt næringsliv i hele landet

LTP3 Uttesting og kommersialisering av FoU

LTP3 Muliggjørende og industrielle teknologier

LTP3 IKT og digital transformasjon

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LTP3 Samfunnsikkerhet, sårbarhet og konflikt

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Utviklingsarbeid

Verifisering, pilotering, demonstrasjon (ny fra 2014)

BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Longitudinal Investigation of Visual and Numerical Perception in Preterm and Full-term Infants

The number of preterm births is on the rise -now more than 1 in 10 babies- and being born preterm is associated with having difficulties in two very important and related cognitive skills that we rely on daily: numerical and visual perception. However, a knowledge gap exists on neural and behavioural associations of numerical and visual perception in full-term and preterm infants. PrePER aims to uncover the underlying neural signatures of the cognitive dysfunctions that preterm infants might display in the first year of their lives and the role of parent-baby interaction to predict preterm infants that are at risk of developing these cognitive difficulties in the second year of their lives. The purpose is to establish criteria to identify infants (especially preterm) at-risk of having cognitive difficulties in numerical and visual perception. Shedding light on normal and impaired cognitive functions in infancy is an essential stepping stone that will pave the way for early diagnostic tools and interventions that would correct the cognitive dysfunctions more efficiently while the brain is still developing. The activities in PrePER will lead to original and innovative outcomes that are beneficial for four parties: 1) Scientific communities will be interested in the results as the ambitious research objectives address questions that have not been asked before. 2) Parents of preterm infants, health-care providers, and policy makers will be interested in the results as the overall aim is to establish criteria to identify infants at-risk of having cognitive-developmental difficulties in the first year of their lives. 3) The researcher will be accelerating her career progression as the training objectives meet her specific needs. 4) The supervisor will be enlarging her research interest and network as the research objectives include a topic within the researcher’s expertise.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

NEXT GENERATION IMAGING FOR REAL-TIME DOSE VERIFICATION ENABLING ADAPTIVE PROTON THERAPY

The NOVO project will address a fundamental issue in proton radiotherapy (PT) of cancer, namely the lack of real-time dose verification (RDV) that significantly limits the potential of PT due to uncertainties in the precise delivery of the prescribed dose. In the NOVO project, we will develop the first proof-of-concept of an RDV technology adaptable to any PT treatment and bring the concept to TRL 4 by also considering integration into the PT clinical workflow. The RDV technology will be pivotal for enabling the next generation of adaptive PT therapy, i.e., dose-guided real-time adaptive therapy. Real-time measurement of the dose to targeted and non-targeted tissues will be the key to truly empower patient-centered, personalized cancer treatment, important to improve curation and quality-of-life post-treatment. As a high-risk/high-gain project, NOVO aims at a first-of-its-kind RDV technology through the unique synergy between (1) cutting-edge, inexpensive organic scintillator technology that can detect secondary radiation during treatment for non-invasive measurements, (2) novel and fast image reconstruction, artificial intelligence (AI)-accelerated models and AI-enhanced image reconstruction to allow simultaneous detection of multiple radiation species and tissue compositional analysis, (3) tumor-tracking and imaging of tissue radio-sensitivity based on oxygen levels, (4) intelligent automation of decision-making schemes for real-time dose-guided adaptive therapy. The project will essentially open a new era in PT that enables curing more cancer patients and reducing toxicity from treatment. The NOVO consortium covers the entire value chain of RDV development (technology providers, theory and modelling, technology integration and PT clinics) and optimally engages nuclear, medical, and high-energy physicists, chemists, mathematicians, computer scientists, oncologists, biologists, as well as European PT centers. 


Development of innovative proton and neutron therapies with high cancer specificity by 'hijacking' the intracellular chemistry of haem biosynthesis.

Deep-lying cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain cancer, are very difficult to access and incurable by the current standards of care. The fluorescence of photosensitive molecules (PSs) can precisely guide surgical resection of GBM. Nevertheless, photomedical treatments like photodynamic therapy (PDT) show limited efficacies due to the low penetration of light into tissue. Proton radiotherapy can reach deep-lying disease through therapeutic energy deposition in a spatially confined region called Bragg peak. Current neutron-based therapies, like Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), have sufficient penetration depth but lack cancer specificity.
In NuCapCure, we propose to 'hijack' intracellular biosynthetic pathways and use them to produce custom-made drugs that will facilitate two genuinely new cancer treatments: i) "NuCapCure Proton", combining proton radiotherapy, protondynamic therapy through PS proton activation, and proton capture therapy (BPCT) through three produced alpha particles; and ii) "NuCapCure neutron", combining GBM specific BNCT and PS neutron activation as demonstrated in our FET-open project FRINGE.
The main scientific breakthroughs of NuCapCure will be to demonstrate the custom production of novel compounds through native intracellular biosynthesis but also to establish experimental proof-of-principle, both in vitro and in vivo, of the proposed two novel therapies. Our highly interdisciplinary project team comprises world-renowned experts from a unique combination of disciplines: proton and neutron physics, synthetic chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology, radiobiology, medical physics, nuclear reactor and particle accelerator technology and radio-oncology to lay the foundations for novel, targeted and curative therapies against currently fatal cancer indications like GBM.

Despites dental pulp capping materials should meet the certain requirements, the available materials have one or more shortcomings—poor biocompatibility and rheological properties, fail to maintain pulp vitality and to simulate reparative dentine formation and expensive etc. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used material because of its beneficial properties. However, its composition bismuth oxide, which is suspectable to toxicity, has an impact on rheological properties. This emphasizes the necessity of looking for inexpensive alternatives to materials that meet the specifications. This project's goal and novelty are to investigate the potential processing of the dental pulp capping cement, which is made of strontium silicate (SrSiO3), strontium fluoride (SrF2), piezoelectric material (PZM) and tricalcium silicate (Ca3O5Si) and its rheological properties and hemocompatibility. Because SrSiO3, SrF2, PZM and Ca3O5Si have the promising properties. This project's work packages are split into four categories based on the interdisciplinary approach since it involves the synthesis and characterization of PZM, the processing and characterization of cement, the identification of rheological parameters utilizing ISO standardizations, and hemocompatibility, and acquiring new transferrable skills. Additionally, the interactions among the selected compounds will be determined. The scientific impact of this project is comprehending the physical properties and the immune system's response to evaluate the cement's suitability as a replacement for existing materials, as well as resulting in further uses in dentistry and medicine. The societal impact is providing millions of patients in Europe with predictable and outstanding treatment outcomes each year to maintain pulp vitality and health. Eventually, it will ease the financial load on millions of patients who need dental care, will be avoiding inflated medical expenses and misuse of the patent (economic impact).

SrSiO3-based Dental Pulp Capping Cement

Midlene fra P-KVINN-Program for kvinne- og kjønnsf fordelt på år

Midlene fra P-KVINN-Program for kvinne- og kjønnsf fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra P-KVINN-Program for kvinne- og kjønnsf fordelt på fagområde

Seniorforsker

Prosjektet adresserer utfordringer og muligheter i møtet mellom den nordiske velferdsmodellens likestillingsprosjekt og nye, og mer kulturelt komplekse, familie- og samlivsformer i dagens Norge. Dette gjøres ved å undersøke hvordan kjønnede samlivsprosjek ter formes og omformes i to nye grupper som begge kan betraktes som sentrale normbærere og endringsagenter innen dagens kjønnsdiskurs: i) Familier som representerer en voksende og kulturelt toneangivende kosmopolitisk middelklasse og ii) etterkommere av f ørstegenerasjonsinnvandrere som tar høyere utdanning, og som dermed kan regnes som del av en fremvoksende middelklasse blant minoritetsgrupper. Hvordan utfordres og integreres velferdstatens kjønnsmoderniserte samlivsidealer i møtet med nye, mer kulturelt  komplekse familieverdier i disse gruppene? Hvor har den individualiserte familiekulturen som tradisjonelt har preget den skandinaviske middelklassen i dag størst klangbunn og attraksjonskraft - og hva består attraksjonskraften i? Den empiriske studien vi l baseres på narrative dybdeintervjuer i kombinasjon med deltakende observasjon.

Teoretisk adresseres aktuelle fagdiskusjoner rundt avtradisjonalisering og ny intimitet. Prosjektet søker å komme bakenfor stereotype forståelser av moderne vs. tradisjonell e familiekulturer og samlivsformer ved å søke innsikt i hvordan økonomiske, kulturelle og emosjonelle motivasjoner er vevet inn i hverandre. I forlengelsen av dette utforskes mulighetsrommet for nye familiekulturer i møtet med den nordiske velferdsmodelle ns doble likestillingsprosjekt, der velferdsordninger og økt mannlig deltakelse i familien danner rammen for individualisering av samliv og familie. Prosjektet vil gripe hybridiserings- og integreringsprosesser i en kulturelt kompleks middelklasse i møtet  med dette doble likestillingsprosjektet.

Nye familiekulturer: kjønnede intimitetsformer og livsprosjekter i omforming

Prosjektet skal undersøke hvilken rolle skrugarder - havis som er presset sammen og deformert slik at det dannes høye rygger og dype kjøler - spiller som habitat for istilknyttede arter i Polhavet. Etter hvert som havisen blir yngre og tynnere vil en økende andel av den gjenværende isen smelte hver sommer. Det er den tykkeste isen som overlever smeltesesongen, og da gjerne skrugarder. Skrugardene kan derfor være den siste gjenværende isen for arter som er avhengige av is for å overleve. Skrugarder fremstår som den minst studerte komponenten av isdekket i Polhavet, til dels fordi de er vanskelig å studere i felt. Det internasjonale MOSAIC ekspedisjonen fant sted far September  2019 til tidlig oktober 2020, og gjentok Nansens drift med Fram over Polhavet i 1893-1896. Men denne gang beveget seg isen mye raskere en i Nansens tid. Prosjektet deltok med personell i to omganger (des 2019- feb 2020 og juni til august 2020) og dette gav en unik mulighet til å studere livssyklusen til skrugarder, hvordan de påvirker det omliggende fysiske miljøet, og hvordan de fungerer som habitat. De første resultatene fra analysene viser at skrugarder er forskjellige fra isen rundt på flere måter, og det er noen tegn på at det fysiske miljøet i skrugarder bidrar til dette. Vi ser at skrugarder raskt konsolideres (fryser til) om sommeren mens isen rundt omkring smelter, på grunn av at snøsmeltevann infiltrerer åsene, dette igjen kan påvirke skrugarders mekaniske styrke og måten di kan tåle smelting på sommeren. Observasjonene peker også til at på vinteren kan snø som samlet seg i nærtliggende råker bidra til konsolidering av sktrugarder, en mekanisme som tidligere ikke var kjent.

This project will fill critical knowledge gaps on the functioning of the sea-ice associated ecosystem in the central Arctic Ocean. Our understanding of the key processes is simply outdated for us to fully understand the current conditions and to predict the future. A better process understanding is required to improve climate models and thus our ability to forecast the future. To date, essential information on the impact of ocean warming on ice ecosystems especially with regard to seasonal variations is lacking, which is largely related to the difficulties of conducting such observations over time periods relevant for understanding all the interactions in the Polar climate system. For improved process understanding annual time series are pivotal to understand these interactions and feedbacks. MOSAiC, an extensive international ice drift experiment, will study the central Arctic over full year cycle in 2019/2020, giving an unprecedented opportunity to understand the processes in a thinner ice pack. MOSAiC will provide unique insights on the atmosphere-ice-ocean system and add important knowledge on the processes in the Arctic ecosystem especially during seasons that are under-sampled so far (late autumn, winter, and early spring). Our work will examine the role of sea-ice ridges, one of the least studied features of the ice pack, to better understand their role in sea-ice cover that has become seasonal and melts in summer. Ridges may provide the last habitat and optimal refuge for organisms that are dependent on sea ice, while the ice otherwise would melt in summer. Thus ridges become a key component for ice-associated organisms to survive and a hot spot for diversity. Data we collect throughout a full-year cycle is used to improve representation of these processes in coupled-ice ocean and ecosystem models that contribute to an improved capacity to predict future conditions. This will be an essential contribution for the management of the Norwegian Arctic.

Ridges - Safe Havens for ice-associated Flora and Fauna in a Seasonally ice-covered Arctic Ocean (HAVOC)

The proposed work targets at filling a key knowledge gap in our understanding of the role of Arctic sea ice in the climate system. This is done by conducting state of the art observations on Arctic sea ice in winter, when observations are basically non-ex istent. Further we target the new thinner sea ice regime, which is even well less known.

We aim to understand how the thinner sea ice in the Arctic basin contributes to important greenhouse gas exchange between the atmosphere and ocean (carbon dioxide, C O2) and contributes to bromine fluxes (bromoform, CHBr3) important for understanding ozone depletion in the polar regions. Thus quantifying the role of sea ice as a source or sink of these compounds to the climate system.

This work will intensify the dir ect collaboration between Japanese and Norwegian scientists in the Arctic, and combines complimentary expertise, resources and experience to carry out the interdisciplinary work proposed.

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Arctic Sea Ice

Fordelingen av sjøis på jorden er en nøkkelkomponent i klimasystemet. Den påvirker varme- og energiutvekslingen mellom oseanet og atmosfæren, strålingsbalanset, opprinnelsen av havsirkulasjoner og med partikkeltransporten også næringskjeden. Hermed legger  de fysio-kjemiske vekselvirkningene i det komplekse kanalsystemet av sjøis grunnlagene for fytoplanktons stoffskiftet. De små porer og kanaler, som på visse vilkår oppstår i polartraktens sjøis, tjener som livsrom for mange mikroorganismer. Sjøis er kara kterisert av den samtidige eksistensen av forskjellige faser is og vann i en saltholdig miljø. Allerede små temperaturendringer kan pertubere dette sensible systemet, slik at direkte målinger av pH-verdi, saltkonsentrasjon, temperatur, iskrystallenes morf ologi osv. er nødvendige. En ny tilgang for å beskrive utviklingen av ulike faser i sjøis avhengig av temperatur og salinitet kan realiseres med et reakjon-diffusjon-system både med hensyn til faseovergangens teori av Ginzburg og Landau og på basis av Tur ing strukturer som beskriver hvordan ordning oppstår pa tross av termodynamikkens andre hovedsetning. Det skal utvikles passende ligninger for dannelsen av kanaler i sjøis som reakjon-diffusjon-system. Hver hastighetskonstant i ligningene bestemmes av sal initet (konduktivitet), temperatur og stråling.  Hvordan avhenger kanalenes form og størrelse av disse? Ved hjelp av  parameter identifikasjon er det mulig i forbindelse med undersøkelser i felt og laboratorium å avdekke mekanismene i løpet av kanalenes o pprinnelsen i sjøis. Dette søknad støtter initiering av samarbeid mellom tyske og norske forskere i olike fagfelt inom sjøisforskning før at utvikle bedre representasjon av havis i klimamodeller.

Developing methods for advanced modeling of sea ice physical properties

Sea ice is a relatively fragile part of the Earth system, important for the understanding of many subjects, from climate, to biodiversity, and society. Every 5 years since 2000 the International Glaciological Society (IGS, www.igsoc.org) co-sponsors an In ternational Sea Ice Symposium (the previous was in New Zealand, 2005). The symposia provide an opportunity for scientists studying sea ice to come together, exchange results, to forge/strengthen collaborations, and to identify future research directions.  In addition, the IGS offers a special issue of a peer-reviewed scientific journal, Annals of Glaciology. The next sea ice symposium is being organized by the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI) in collaboration with the University of Tromsø (UiTø), and will t ake place in Tromsø 31 May - 4 June 2010. Given the changes to Arctic sea ice that have been observed recently, the extensive new IPY sea ice research, and the relevance of new climate assessments, this symposium is very timely, and it will provide a valu able opportunity to communicate sea ice news. By working with the Arctic marine biology group at UiTø, and by reaching out to sea-ice ecologists and sea-ice related socioeconomic scientists, our goal is to make the symposium truly interdisciplinary. Attra cting some of the many young scientists will also be important for ensuring a representative group of participants. Therefore, we anticipate to reduce the registration fee for students and to offer some extended talks to young scientists with exceptional  abstracts. Increased media attention towards sea ice in the last years has been leading to an increase in more public interest in the topic. To encourage that interest and to educate the residents of Tromsø about sea ice, we plan for a public lecture give n by a Norwegian scientist. In this proposal we are requesting support for publication of the special issue, in arraning the public lecture and for reducing the cost of the symposium for students.

Proposal for support for an International symposium on sea ice in the physical and biogeochemical system

Sea ice in the Arctic has significant impacts on biology, oceanography, climate, and economic activities.  Through a detailed system of interrelated measurement and modeling experiments, this project will result in a better understanding of the processes  in first-year sea ice that affect its energy budget, and therefore its growth, decay, and physical properties, which determine the details of its effect on other natural and human systems.  Over the last decade, first-year ice has become the predominant i ce type across the entire Arctic.

Most measurements of the radiation budget on sea ice are made either at scales of 10 m or less, from the surface, or at scales of more than 100 m, from satellite or aircraft platforms.  Here we will use a system to make  small-scale measurements of the radiation budget of sea ice, but to do so over a 500×500 meter grid, providing the process-understanding benefits of the local measurements with the system-understanding benefits of the aerial measurements.  The result will  be data that provide an understanding of how individual processes affect the local (meter-scale) energy budget, and how those local effects then impact both the local and the large-scale development of the ice.

In such a complex system as sea ice, it is  not always possible diagnose exact cause and effect relationships from measurements alone.  Therefore, the project incorporates a modeling component, in which a radiative transfer model of the system will be used to further understand the measurements ma de in the field.

The result of the project will be a detailed understanding of processes that affect the development of sea ice, which will prove valuable to sea-ice modelers trying to explain large-scale changes in sea ice, and to those studying the nat ural and human systems that are impacted by sea ice.

Radiative Transfer and Heat Budget Processes on Arctic Sea Ice

The area of summer sea ice in the Arctic has been decreasing since satellite observations started in 1979, and the area of ice lost in summer during the last five years is far beyond what was predicted by climate models. Furthermore there has been a shift  from thicker multi-year ice to thinner first-year ice. Solar heating and other radiative processes might be important factors explaining the minima in perennial Arctic ice extent. Part of the reason for the models' inability to accurately predict the sea -ice decline is due to their overly simplistic sea-ice parameterizations,.

This collaboration will bring together sea-ice scientists from three leading polar research centers in the USA and from two in Norway to investigate the processes that have import ant effects on the albedo and energy balance of sea ice, with the goal of understanding how they affect mass-balance changes during spring melt. By working together on collaborative field campaigns in spring 2010 and 2011 in Ny-Ålesund and Barrow, the gro ups involved will make measurements of physical and optical properties of first-year sea ice over representative areas throughout the melt season. These measurements will be used to better understand the melt processes for first-year sea ice, which will d ominate the Arctic in the future, and improve observation techniques by sharing experiences and methods. These investigations will lead to recommendations for how to improve the parameterizations used to represent these processes in models, so we plan to  end the project with an international workshop to bring together the participants in this collaboration with other scientists making similar measurements and with leading scientists working on the sea-ice parameterizations in climate models. This workshop  will produce a realistic plan for improving these parameterizations with the goal of improving future predictions of the Arctic sea-ice cover in a changing climate.

0 antall prosjekter

POLARPROG-Polarforskningsprogram

Ridges - Safe Havens for ice-associated Flora and Fauna in a Seasonally ice-covered Arctic Ocean (HAVOC)

Tildelt: kr 25,6 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2019-2026

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

KLIMAFORSK-Stort program klima

Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Arctic Sea Ice

Tildelt: kr 0,16 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2014-2016

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland

Developing methods for advanced modeling of sea ice physical properties

Tildelt: kr 73 796

Prosjektperiode: 2011-2011

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

DIV-INT-Annet internasjonalt samarbeid

Proposal for support for an International symposium on sea ice in the physical and biogeochemical system

Tildelt: kr 0,47 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2010-2011

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

FRINATEK-Fri prosj.st. mat.,naturv.,tek

Radiative Transfer and Heat Budget Processes on Arctic Sea Ice

Tildelt: kr 5,5 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2010-2013

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

POLRES-Polarforskning POLRES

Why Is the Sea Ice Melting so Fast? Improving Understanding of Melt Processes on First-Year Arctic Sea Ice

Tildelt: kr 0,87 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2010-2013

Sted: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa