Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus Infection for Treatment and Prevention of Multiple Sclerosis

Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus Infection for Treatment and Prevention of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It constitutes the most common non-traumatic cause of neurological impairment among young and middle-aged people and represents a major healthcare burden. Our recent research strongly implicates infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the leading cause of MS, but detailed understanding of the mechanisms how EBV contributes to the disease, and whether targeting EBV could prevent or improve the course remain unresolved. To meet these challenges, we have established a consortium with extensive experience in neurology and MS, genetics, virology and EBV, epidemiology, immunology, clinical trials, artificial intelligence, as well as stakeholder involvement and responsible research and innovation (RRI). By combining this expertise, the consortium takes advantage of high-quality health registries, existing research cohorts of persons with MS, and prospective randomized clinical trials of antiviral therapies targeting the EBV infection in MS. The ambitious goals are to answer the questions why only a few EBV infected persons develop MS, and define the underlying mechanism of this process, as well as clarify if targeting the EBV infection can prevent MS or improve the disease course. By answering these questions, we would meet the challenges defined in the current call: Relationship between infections and non-communicable diseases. We would contribute with knowledge to reduce disease burden by providing the health care system with new knowledge to better understand the cause of MS, including host risk factors that influence the development of the disease. We would also provide a basis for new or improved tools to prevent MS or disease progression. Healthcare practitioners will gain access to knowledge to guide them on preventive measures and of those persons at risk of developing MS, with the ultimate goal of eradicating the disease.