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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Midlene fra HEALTH-1.01 Health fordelt på år

Midlene fra HEALTH-1.01 Health fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HEALTH-1.01 Health fordelt på fagområde

Genetic studies of pre-eclampsia in Central Asian and European populations

The implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) is envisioned as a key step toward building more resilient and sustainable cities, because of the multiple benefits NBS can provide (e.g., urban flood, heat and drought mitigation, biodiversity restoration, recreation, etc.). Recent research both at NTNU and INSA focussed on design, modelling, and monitoring of NBS. However, the transition toward urban resilience requires the co-existence of NBS with traditional sewer networks as hybrid “green-grey” systems, with a particular attention to asset management and their maintenance. Indeed, the successful implementation of NBS is being slowed down by the lack of knowledge on their long-term performances. The CONPASS projects aims at studying NBS in the frame of asset management, by targeting: (i) uncertainty regarding the long-term behaviour of these solutions, (ii) effect of lack of maintenance and climate change on their performance, and (iii) ignorance of their practical effectiveness and co-benefits as a barrier to their adoption.
The CONPASS project will strengthen the collaboration between NTNU and INSA both in short- and long-term actions. Both partners will share their long-term expertise on NBS (in terms of design, modelling, performance assessment and long-term monitoring) through guest lectures, and MSc and PhD exchange which will also serve ongoing R&D projects at partner institutions. In a longer-term academic collaboration, CONPASS will aim at the elaboration of a proposal for Horizon Europe calls, benefiting from both partner’s competences in NBS and asset management. In particular, it will help to put in common competences, monitoring practices and several long-term NBS datasets which are needed to address the aforementioned barrier to successful implementation of NBS.

Collaboration On Nature-based solutions Performance Assessment

In polar regions and high-altitude mountain ranges, snow algae blooms develop during summer and form colorful surfaces in melting snow. Snow algae not only contribute to primary production and carbon dioxide absorption in snow ecosystems, but these blooms also darken the snow surface, increasing the absorbance of thermal energy and contributing to accelerated melting of these habitats. A wide diversity of snow-algae species and associated microbes have been observed in snow microbiomes, yet little is known about how environmental conditions and the behaviour of cells interact and potentially promote the development, functioning and community dynamics of visible surface blooms. In this project we aim to understand how temperature and biotic interactions affect the behavior of snow-algae adapted to life in the Arctic. Our investigations will first focus on describing the effect of temperature variations on key cellular structures and then explore how snow algae respond to signals from, and interactions with, other microbes.

Unraveling the effects of biotic interactions on snow algae behaviour

The backdrop for our collaboration is rooted in the historical and current landscape of the natural wine industry. The resurgence in popularity of natural wines, tracing back to its modern beginnings in France in the 1950s (Vigneron, 2022) and the subsequent boom after Isabelle Legeron's Raw Wine gained prominence in 2009 (Raw Wine, 2023), underscores the industry's momentum (Sprayregen, 2020). In 2020, the formal recognition of natural wine in France as ‘vin méthode nature’ further highlighted the need to navigate its diverse labelling practices. Through our online experiments, we aim to pinpoint the specific attribute that holds the most value for consumers, delve into the consumer-based food label equity, and understand the premium consumers place on certain labels. The end goal is twofold: to provide actionable insights to producers on enhancing the value of their labels and to empower consumers with the knowledge to discern and select high-quality products. In essence, we are on a quest to bridge the gap between producer intentions and consumer perceptions, ensuring both parties find maximum value.

Sustainability Wine Labelling: A French – Norwegian Scientific Cooperation

Every year, road traffic accidents claim 1.35 million lives and cost countries 3% of their GDP, making them a grave concern worldwide. Norway, in its 2022-2033 National Transport Plan, prioritizes Vision Zero for road safety. Among accident types, run-out-off road crashes contribute significantly to fatalities. To mitigate these crashes, roadside barriers are installed, but they still cause severe accidents, particularly involving motorcyclists and infrastructure like bridge columns, leading to traffic disruptions and economic losses. Installing energy absorbers on critical elements can bolster road infrastructure resilience. This project focuses on optimizing the placement and mechanical behavior of these energy absorbers to reduce collision damages and minimize traffic recovery time. Therefore, the following progress is needed, involving: 1) modeling, understanding, and developing architected structures to satisfy the need for traffic collision energy absorbers, 2) evaluating the efficiency of energy absorbers on infrastructure resilience, and 3) vehicle to infrastructure collision modeling. To address this multidisciplinary goal, we gathered a team of recognized researchers with expertise in material science, structural engineering, transport infrastructure, and traffic engineering. This Aurora project will strengthen the collaboration between French and Norwegian partners. Based on the activities planned in this project, both partners will develop a common understanding and knowledge to initiate an R&D proposal for the Horizon project and/or other European initiatives (such as JPI Urban Europe, Erasmus+, and Marie Curie ITN). Moreover, this collaboration will also promote research-based education activities by enhancing staff and student mobility.

POlymer architected structures for Traffic ENergy absorbers in Transport InfrastructuraAL systems

This collaborative effort will boost several projects in the field of nanofluid heat transfer that are currently on in Norway and France. This research direction has been prevalent in the past two decades due to the simplicity of nanofluid production. However, from research literature and user experience, only some developments managed to step out of the lab. The price, toxicity, and un-even colloidal stability are the major obstacles limiting nanofluids from becoming, as initially thought, universal heat transfer fluids. However, there are applications where nanofluids are game changers: solar thermal technology and heat pipes. Both the Norwegian and the French groups run projects in these directions. The French group has developed stable graphene-based nanofluids where very low nanoparticle concentrations significantly improve the base fluid's thermophysical properties. The Norwegian team from Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL) has successfully conducted a project on the solar evaporation of nanofluids using concentrated solar power. The project resulted in a 20%-increase enhancement of steam generation when the carbon-based nanofluid was used instead of the conventional technology. This observation finds promising applications in solar desalination and CSP. The subsequent Norwegian project concerns the fundamentals of photothermal boiling in nanofluids, where the kinetics of boiling are discovered by medical imaging and acoustics. The Norwegian team also runs an innovation project. In this project, an eco-friendly nanofluid based on organic particles was developed and used as an optical absorber in a custom-made solar collector. French and Norwegian groups possess unique knowledge, equipment, and numerical models. The planned exchange brings a spark to an efficient fusion of this potential and the further strategic development of our research field.

Norwegian-French collaboration in nanofluid heat transfer

Together with our partners in France, we aim to build an modeling infrastructure that can consistently simulate the Greenland ice sheet over the entire glacial cycle and validate the results using the best available reconstructions. This can greatly improve our understanding of ice sheet stability and sea level rise. We will also address the important question of how robust the modeling tools are that we use to estimate future sea level rise.
Besides the exciting science questions that our new tools enable, another important objective of this project is to establish a strong international collaboration, firmly rooted in shared development of key methods. We believe that this project is an optimal foundation for future joint research projects, especially targeting European research programs.

Exchange and Collaboration for Paleo Ice Sheet Integration

We propose a two-year project that facilitates the interaction and development of a collaboration between NGI and OCA scientists. Our team brings together expertise in tsunami hazard modeling, as well as tsunami source modeling. The team proposes to develop a methodology to remotely sense tsunami propagation across the open ocean and estimate critical characteristics, e.g., tsunami height. They will do this via observations of the tsunami's imprint on the ionosphere via data collected from GNSS satellite-receiver pairs. The team plans to deliver an open-source software repository based on existing forward modeling and inversion code provided by a 2018 PhD. This code will lay the foundation for further development of the EU Horizon project idea by helping to identify how well various observation platforms (e.g., low-earth orbit satellite receivers) provide tsunami-related ionosphere signals. The team will identify which platforms might be suitable for real-time data exploitation from the standpoint of being used a tsunami early-warning tool. The results of these initial discussions and preliminary studies (some already started at NGI in 2023) will facilitate discussions and provide a framework to develop a novel tsunami monitoring methodology based on remote ionosphere observations.

Ionospheric monitoring of tsunamis from low-earth orbit satellites

The project aims to establish long-term scientific cooperation in Theoretical Computer Science between the Algorithms Research Group of the Department of Informatics of the University of Bergen (UiB) and the Algorithms, Graphs and Combinatorics (AlGCo) team of LIRMM (Laboratory of Computer Science, Robotics and Microelectronics of Montpellier). Within our project, we plan to attack hard computational problems on graphs in their most general form, combining the multivariate analysis with algorithmic meta-theorems and structural decompositions. Achieving the scientific objectives would demand a close collaboration of researchers of the AlGCo team of LIRMM and the Algorithms Research Group of UiB. The ALGCo team has a strong background in logic, algorithmic meta-theorems, and graph decompositions. The UiB part has a word-class leadership in all aspects of parameterized computation and other algorithmic techniques. Realizing the project's objective requires a combination of all these topics, which supports the complementarity of the two teams. Our main purpose is to extend the existing and initiate a new collaboration between the AlGCo team and the Algorithms Research Group. The proposal's key objective is to build a consortium for a project application within the Horizon Europe programme and to set up a LIA (Laboratoire International Associé).

Extending Tractability Bounds: Logic and Structure for Algorithms

This project formalizes an institutional collaboration between SUM (University of Oslo) and KEDGE, two leading European spaces for research on the changing role of the private sector in society. This multi-disciplinary engagement will take the initial form of four exchange visits, two by SUM researchers to KEDGE, and two by KEDGE researchers to SUM. It is also designed to build competency for two promising early career researchers, and provide an opportunity for scholars and researchers outside the direct project to also have an opportunity to engage and collaborate.

Through four team visits (two in Oslo and two in Bordeaux over the project period), the project will create a groundwork and institutional capacity for multiple future grant applications on the emerging global societal role of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles that nearly all large firms now incorporate. Our primary research question that we aim to develop into at least two large-scale proposals is:

How and why does ESG expand and challenge business-society relations in fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) settings?

We have the following subquestions:

1) What is the relationship between business activity, violent conflict, and the role of ESG components within this relationship? In other words, how do ESG activities influence (or not) the likelihood of violent conflict?

2) How is ESG similar or different in FCV settings when compared to non-FCV settings, and do these practices have material impacts on the firm and/or society?

This mobility project will allow project PIs Miklian, Barkemeyer and Hanoteau to formally collaborate for the first time, bridging disciplines of management, peacebuilding, corporate social responsibility, economics, and development studies. These interconnections will force new breakthroughs in business-society scholarship.

Business and Society in Challenging Spaces: The Role of ESG in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings

This collaborative and cross-cultural project responds to the European Union initiatives and the International Olympic Comitees objective for increasing gender equality in sport. Worldwide, women in top leadership positions in sports is reported to be 8.4–20% for coaches and 10-30% for leaders. Efforts to increase women's access to these positions have not yet been successful, despite initiatives such as courses and mentoring programs for women. The persistent issue lies in the fact that the sporting domain remains predominantly masculine. An "ideal" top leader- and coach is often depicted through masculine discourses as someone who is tough and invulnerable. Consequently, more feminine identities and experiences tend to be marginalized. This hierarchical understanding on gender is deeply rooted in sports organizations and is perpetuated and reinforced by top leaders themselves, resulting in unquestioned assumptions about "how to be" a top leader that are difficult to change. Additionally, top leaders and coaches work within a highly competitive and individualized sport environment, where there is an expectation to work 24/7. If this 'masculine logic of ruling' is maintained, alongside the highly pressured jobs, achieving sustainable working conditions for all leaders and coaches are challenging. To be able to achieve gender equality in the sport context, we argue that a novel approach is needed, and suggest a shift in perspective. By focusing on sustainable work conditions for all (top) leaders and (high-performance) coaches in sport, we promote strategies that instead of “fixing the women” will “fix the system”. A better understanding of how women top leaders and coaches experience their workplaces, as well as how they envision a more gender-equal and sustainable future, is needed. In this project, we aim to get this insight from a wider diversity of woman leaders in sport working on differentiated organizational levels and systems and in different cultures.

Gender equality through sustainable work life for leaders and coaches in sport

In a recent study, researchers from NORSAR and ITES - University of Strasbourg worked on how to use machine learning to deal with big data coming from DAS-based geological monitoring. This study was led by joint master’s student M. Donnadille was focusing on the use of machine learning to learn how to classify events based on NORSAR’s conventional seismic data and transfer this model to DAS data. Simultaneously, PhD student J. Rimpot was leading efforts on self-supervised learning of classification of seismological records from a submarine volcano. To continue working on this collaboration, we would like to organize two visits between our two organizations. During these two visits, researchers will focus on the following tasks: Task 1 (Q2 2024) - Knowledge sharing through seminars and a small workshop (A. Turquet, T. Stangeland, C. Hibert, J. Rimpot, C. Huynh). This task will focus on the field of DAS data analysis, self-supervised learning, and transfer learning. Task 2 (Q2-Q3 2024) - Self Supervised Learning on DAS data on the NORFOX and the Pyrénées Datasets (A. Turquet, T. Stangeland, C. Hibert, J. Rimpot, C. Huynh) : Task 2 aims at testing self-supervised learning applied to DAS data for which a prior catalog of events exist. Task 3 (Q2-Q3 2024) - Transfer Learning on DAS data on the NORFOX and the Pyérnées datasets (A. Turquet, T. Stangeland, C. Hibert, J. Rimpot, C. Huynh) : Task 3 is focused on transfer learning of models trained on classical seismological data recorded by large band seismometers and applied to DAS data. The objective is to refine, validate and replicate this work on several datasets and to provide guidelines for future application for environmental seismology. Task 4 (Q3 2024) - ERC Consolidator writing  (A. Turquet, C. Hibert)  : Task 4 centers on the preparation of an ERC (European Research Council) Consolidator Grant proposal. We will work on this project proposal to be submitted to the 2025 ERC consolidator grant call.

DASGEO: Artificial Intelligence investigation of Geo-mass movements using Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Diving exposes the human body to physical stress that initiate a range of phyiological and biochemical responses. Much of the maritime and marine industry still completely rely on diving and will so for many years ahead. It is therefore key to understand possible negative health effects of this occupation and act to minimize this. In this project, diving medicine research groups in Brest, France (Université de Brettagne Occidentale) and Bergen, Norway (Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen) will formalize a collaboration that will greatly benefit both groups. The focus of the project is vascular responses to diving-related stress and impact on vascular health. Through this collaboration, the two research groups will have access to highly complementary methodologies, allowing mechanistic studies at the level of molecules, pathways and cells, up to physiology and epidemiology. The project will involve exchange of methodological skills, planning of collaborative experiments and analysis, and expected co-publications. Two PhD students will be involved in the project and this will greatly improve their methodological skills and international networking. The project will include two travels to France from Norway and one travel to Norway from France.

Impact of Diving on Vascular Health

The monitoring of energy usage is the key to analyze and understand continuum resources usage. This project will be the first step in order to deal with energy efficient infrastructures in terms of hardware and software services. But providing an End-to-End energy monitoring solution remains a real challenge in terms of heterogeneity of resources, frequency and precision of monitoring, profiling reporting (etc). A clear challenge raises here: How to monitor, in an end-to-end manner, a system that is deployed in a scares resource environment? Considering continuum-based solutions to extreme climate conditions challenges current solutions. Continuum-based solutions need to be explored in worst conditions in terms of availability of network, energy, resilience, data access. 

The challenges that we want to address in this aurora project are how to (i) provide the needed mechanisms to reproduce the characteristics of extreme environments with an in-lab testbed (ii) provide an end-to-end energy monitoring of considered worst continuum infrastructure, (iii) discover the most impactful energy leverages to sustain observations and monitoring (iv) deploy a proof of concept (simulated and really implemented) that validates the abstraction, architecture, design and implementation choices. 

The aim of this collaboration is to (i) explore a best effort end-to-end energy monitoring system for a worst-case continuum, (ii) discuss a long-term infrastructure continuum for the edge, (iii) design an experimental validation of usable energy leverages at the edge.

Exploring and leveraging energy monitoring on End-to-End worst edge-fog-cloud continuum for observatories deployed in extreme environments

A very prominent application of AI is to predict new facts based on patterns found in datasets in the format of Knowledge Graphs (KGs). These are graph structures representing knowledge of a domain of interest and/or of a particular organization. The flexibility of KGs when representing incomplete data and versatility to express data from different domains favored its adoption in industry and academia. Google, for instance, has been using KGs for at least a decade to enrich search results. There are also large open KGs such as Wikidata which centralizes information across Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia. Many KGs are highly incomplete, they do not contain all possible links existing between the entities that they describe. Predicting missing links among the entities of a KG is known in the literature as link prediction. The classical approach is to create mappings of entities (and/or relations) into a vector space and predict new links based on patterns of the data in the KG using neural network models. Such mappings are called Knowledge Graph Embeddings (KGEs) and the interest in creating the best predicting models attracted numerous researchers. Most of the research in KGEs has focused on improving accuracy results of the underlying machine learning models. However such accuracy is often based on biased, erroneous, incomplete data, which can result in corrupted machine learning models that can make wrong predictions in uncontrollable ways, as well as replicate and reinforce biases. A recent line of research aims at improving KGEs by taking advantage of ontologies, which are logical theories that formalize knowledge and often accompany KGs. Ontologies can be expressed in various well-known formalisms for knowledge representation and automated reasoning. In our project, we want to ensure quality guarantees of KGEs, in particular, consistency with respect to logical constraints, expressed as an ontology, and injection of domain knowledge in KGEs.

Learning and Reasoning in Knowledge Graph Embeddings

Microbial spores, such as those from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis have the capacity to absorb substances such as ions, proteins and can be coated with polymers. Furthermore, through genetic engineering, the surface of spores can be decorated with heterologous proteins. SporeHybrids will combine these two properties into a versatile platform that allows to combine various inorganic materials and proteins in order to generate novel catalytic applications and hybrid materials with unique properties.

SporeHybrids - Combination of bacterial spores displaying light reactive proteins with upconverting nanoparticles.

For nearly two decades, surgeons and interventional radiologists have employed computer-assisted systems (CAS). These systems have the ability to support the decision-making process for planning and guiding liver cancer therapies like surgical resection, tumor ablation or trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE). CAS have shown not only to improve the tumor localization, but also to increase the orientation and the confidence of the physician during the therapy. However, CAS heavily rely on the use of patient specific models that are difficult to obtain and analyze. In the liver, particularly, the complexity lies in its complicated network of vessels and bile ducts. Investigating human vascular networks has been a source of various multidisciplinary research implying biology, physiology, mathematics, computer science, among others. The increasing evolution of computer science in this research has raised the interest in numerically modeling vessels. Despite numerous developments in this field, computer extraction and modeling of vascular networks from images is still an open challenge. The goal of the OpenLiverLab project is to consolidate a workflow comprising the analysis and generation of patient-specific liver models (segmentation, geometric modeling and perfusion modeling) to support planning and guidance of liver cancer therapies (resection and ablation). This is a new cooperation between two complementary teams (UCA and OUS) that will enable the development of novel softwares dedicated to clinicians. Two major clinical applications are targeted, and comply with current research topics for the liver: hepatic surgery and TACE.  This project benefits from the results obtained by 2 national fundings: the R-Vessel-X project - Robust vascular network extraction and understanding within hepatic biomedical images and the ALive project - Analytics for computation and visualization of liver resections.

OpenLiverLab - Open source library for the liver, from images to clinicians

The development of time-critical systems (e.g., aircraft control systems or autonomous vehicles) require rigorous methods for guaranteeing the correct behavior of the system. Quite often, some characteristics of the system are unknown at design phase, and hence the need for introducing parameters specifying possible range of values in which the system must operate. This project aims at providing sound and efficient techniques for the verification of time-critical systems with parameters. We will consider a broad class of distributed real-time systems that can be specified as a real-time rewrite theories, where besides the usual features available for formalisms such as parametric timed automata (clocks, timed transitions, parameters, etc), it is also possible to consider unbounded data structures, user-defined data types, different forms of communications, and dynamic object creation and deletion. Such rewrite theories are also expressive enough  to serve as a semantic framework for different industrial modeling languages; rewrite-based tools can then provide formal analysis methods to such languages. This project will contribute with: symbolic reachability methods for broad classes of real-time (rewrite) systems; sound and complete untimed and timed temporal logic model checking procedures; and a novel timed strategy language, allowing us to analyze a system whose executions are controlled by a user-defined strategy. We thus expect to extend significantly the analysis methods available for real-time systems.

Timed strategies for rewrite-based symbolic analysis of real-time systems

An interdisciplinary cooperation between UiT and Université Paris Cité on the statistical analysis of epidemiological data was initiated in the 1990s by professors emeriti Jean-Christophe Thalabard and Eiliv Lund. This long standing, “first generation” collaboration was organized through the co-supervision of several post-docs, PhDs and master students and led to a rich record of publication and grant applications. 

In this Aurora project, we aim to further expand an already established collaboration between the two institutions.
The overall goal of our interdisciplinary French-Norwegian collaboration is to tackle epidemiological and pharmacoepidemiological questions around the diverse effects of prescription drug use, using recent methodological tools from statistics and machine learning. In the long term, we aim for EU funding. In the shorter term, we will seek funding for three PhD projects and a researcher project with mutual supervision responsibilities. The Aurora grant will fund missions to make progress towards these goals. Topics of the PhD projects will be in the fields of (A) drug use and risk of cancer, (B) the use of formal causal analysis for observational studies, and (C) synthetic discovery of drug combinations associated with adverse events using computational statistics. The researcher project will be within topic A and B.
We plan to use data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer study and French E3N cohort.

We plan to have two one-week long workshops; in spring 2023 at UiT and in spring 2024 at University of Paris.
During the first worskhop, we plan to finalize the aims of the three PhD and researcher project applications, discuss methodological approaches, and delegate writing responsibilities. During the second workshop, we plan to finalize the three PhD applications and researcher project. We will further discuss and establish the outline of the planned EU application and work on the methods that will be used in the EU application.

HEALTH-1.01 Health

Genetic studies of pre-eclampsia in Central Asian and European populations

Tildelt: kr 2,8 mill.

Populærvitenskapelig framstilling

Sammendrag

Publikasjoner hentet fra Cristin

Variants in the fetal genome near FLT1 are associated with risk of preeclampsia

InterPregGen: Genetic studies of pre-eclampsia in three continents

Fars gener bidrar til at mor får svangerskapsforgiftning

Fant verdens første risikogen for svangerskapsforgiftning

Fostergen kan øke sykdomsrisiko hos mor

Fostergen kan øke sykdomsrisiko hos mor

Investigation of the polygenic genetics of preeclampsia and its relationship with other phenotypes

Investigation of DNA variants responsible for preeclampsia

Clinical features of pre-eclampsia in 2613 Central Asian women and babies recruited for genetic studies

Inflammation in preeclampsia and cardiovascular diseases

Evaluation of GWAS chip-genotyping of fetal DNA extracted from umbilical cord tissue and WGA-DNA extracted from filter paper bloodspots

Clinical features of preeclampsia in 2613 Central Asian women and babies recruited for genetic studies

Investigation of the genetics of preeclampsia and its relationship with other phenotypes

Budsjettformål:

HEALTH-1.01 Health

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