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Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour

Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, rapid digitalisation has fundamentally transformed European working conditions. While its positive consequences are well recognised, digital transformation also puts a sorely needed part of the European workforce at risk of unemployment, poverty and social exclusion. IDILAB (Implications of digital transformation for migrant labour) investigates the impacts that technological progress and subsequent structural changes have on the labour market integration of migrant workers. By developing a new methodological approach, IDILAB shall provide novel evidence on migrants’ exposure to the process of digitalisation, and formulate evidence-based and innovative policy options for the EU and national governments to improve on the scope and adequacy of national and European policy directed at encouraging a fair digital transition for all, including migrants. The proposed project will contribute with new knowledge on migrants’ own perspectives on barriers and enablers for a sustainable integration in a fast-changing labour market. I, the experienced researcher (Dr Olga Gheorghiev, the Czech Republic), will work with a European centre of excellence (the Research Centre for Digitalisation of Public Services and Citizenship (CEDIC, OsloMet, Norway), and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI, Belgium) for intersectoral knowledge transfer, career development, and European added value.

CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

POWERING ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO DRIVE THE CLIMATE TRANSITION

PACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together in sustainable ways. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.
Therefore, PACESETTERS will set out to:
-Create knowledge from collaborative research to keep pace with the transition
-Propose and test creative business models to set the pace of the transition
-Assess strategies of valorisation to push the pace of the transition
 
This approach will identify and analyse advanced practices that run transversally across the cultural and creative sectors; contextualise the outcomes of co-research in real-world laboratories for social imagination; further develop and promote the preliminary results of experiments in iterative support and evaluation frames. The PACESETTERS approach centres on inclusion, participation and iteration in order ensure that gender equity and diversity inform it at every step and on every level.

The result will be a critical evaluation and all-encompassing demonstration of the actual potentials of the CCIs to drive the climate transition while systematically analysing their impact on micro-, meso- and macro-level:
-Understanding the climate transition as a triple transition: green, digital and inclusive
-Innovating aPACESETTERS responds to the abstract challenge of the climate transitions by shifting from a model of entrepreneurship based on individual, short-term incentives to one that is driven by co-agency and new capacities to act together. It does so by examining the concrete circumstances, investigating possible support mechanisms and stress-testing instruments that enable art and culture, creativity and heritage to drive the climate transition.

Strengthening resilience and mental wellbeing through the Support4Resilience toolbox for leaders in elderly care

European elderly care experiences labor shortages, lack of qualified workers and a mismatch between capacity and demands, causing stress, burnout, and reduced mental wellbeing among healthcare workers and informal caregivers. Leaders are crucial in promoting supportive working conditions but lack research-based measures to act upon these challenges.

Support4Resilience (S4R) will develop, implement, and evaluate a research-based Toolbox to support healthcare leaders in improving healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing in elderly care. S4R will identify resilience and mental wellbeing factors among healthcare workers and informal caregivers; explore their perspectives and needs; develop new theory on the relationship between individual and organizational resilience, and mental wellbeing; and develop recommendations and cost-effective interventions. The Toolbox with tailormade resources for policy and practical use will be available through an open access S4R Resource Bank.

The S4R Toolbox includes three main tools: 1) Mapping and identification, 2) Reflection and education, and 3) Reorganization. Measures are initiated at the organizational level and effects on mental wellbeing and resilience transpire at the frontline of elderly care. The Toolbox covers different situational contexts, types of healthcare providers and health system levels. Elderly care settings in six European countries will implement and evaluate the Toolbox through a process evaluation, effectiveness evaluation, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. 

S4R provides policymakers, decisions-makers and leaders with solutions for taking action to solve specific risks for healthcare workers’ and informal caregivers’ resilience and mental wellbeing. Thus, pertinent to the work programme, S4R will support the development of resilient health systems in European elderly care through improved leadership capabilities, governance structures, and adaptive capacities.

Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Mapping of Longitudinal data of Inequalities in Education

The MapIE project aims to identify mechanisms causing educational inequalities and policies or interventions compensating for them. We do a systematic review of how these have been studied internationally using longitudinal designs. We map existing longitudinal data that we describe in a public metadata database, and we analyse them to describe the mechanisms of inequalities and to identify effective policies and interventions in different local contexts. We focus on the contextual differences between the Nordic and Central European countries that have structurally different education systems. Within national contexts and using comparative research designs, we look at system-, regional- and school-level policies and practices and individual-level factors (e.g. socioeconomic status, immigrant background, gender, special educational needs) that are associated with the development of educational inequalities and the successful prevention of achievement gaps. We publish and disseminate the empirical results of the project through multiple channels to scientific audiences, policy makers and the wider public. At the end, we create a public framework for studying educational inequalities longitudinally in future studies, acknowledging the role of local contexts but aiming for comparability at the European level. 

We implement the project in seven work packages. Our consortium consists of internationally acknowledged experts in large-scale educational assessment research from Finland, Sweden, Norway, Hungary and Luxembourg/Germany. The partners have a long-standing history of collaboration with each other, European researchers, and national and international education policy makers, and they bring extensive longitudinal datasets to the project. The project will considerably strengthen the knowledge base of what shapes educational outcomes over time, how to best support the learning of all students and how to reduce education inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

Contextualized pathways to reduce housing inequalities in the green and digital transition.

The project Reducing housing inequalities in the green and digital transition (ReHousIn) is committed to better understand the impacts of recent crises on housing inequalities across different European regions, especially with regard to the implementation of the green transition launched by the EU. The overall aim is to explore the mechanisms affecting the (re)production of housing inequalities under recent crisis conditions, and the impacts of the EU induced green transition in different national contexts and along different degrees of urbanisation. Based on a contextualized and comparative understanding of the mechanisms (re)producing housing inequalities, ReHousIn inquiries into multi-level pathways and inclusive local housing initiatives to spark innovative EU, national and local policy solutions towards inclusionary and quality housing, mitigating the possible negative impacts of the EU induced green transition. It conducts a comparative, multi-level analysis in 9 European countries – Austria, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom – focusing on attractive metropolitan regions, middle-sized cities and rural areas by means of a mixed-method project design. A quantitative data analysis on recent trends in housing inequalities and their relation to crises across different levels of urbanization will provide the framework for 27 local cases studies in which the impact of multi-level trajectories of housing-system, welfare regimes and environmental policy instrumentations on the (re)production of local housing inequalities and the emergence of inclusive housing initiatives are analyzed. Based on this, ReHousIn compares mechanisms of differentiation feeding into policy labs, aiming to formulate recommendations on how to tackle negative social externalities related the EU green transition at EU, national and local levels.

Strategies for achieving equity and inclusion in education, training and learning in democratic Europe

STRIDE will provide a new, comprehensive and comparative knowledge-base on effective education reforms, policy initiatives and interventions aimed at reducing inequalities in education, training and learning outcomes in Europe. STRIDE will do this through analyses of education reforms in national and regional systems, existing large-scale educational assessment data and existing longitudinal data on the causal link between educational and other social policies and inequalities in educational achievements. In examining the learning progress of students over time, STRIDE will closely examine to the range of intersectional variables such as socio-economic background, gender, (dis)abilities, migration status, home language, early childhood education and care (ECEC) attendance, which may affect learning outcomes in different ways in different contexts. The project will combine diverse methods, data and disciplines (comparative education, political science, education science, sociology) in innovative ways: mapping at national and regional levels on (1) education reforms in the past 25 years by policy analysis, (2) longitudinal trends of inequalities in educational achievement by quasi-experiment analysis of existing large-scale educational assessment data, and (3) effect of education reforms and interventions by analysis existing longitudinal data and registry data following student cohorts over time combined with a qualitative inquiry into policymakers' perspective. Through the involvement of national and European stakeholders, STRIDE will develop methodology and assessment tools for policy learning offering policymakers a toolbox of enhanced knowledge of what shapes educational outcomes over time and demonstrating the usefulness of longitudinal data in policy-making to reduce educational inequalities in the short, medium and long term.

dialoguing@rts – Advancing Cultural Literacy for Social Inclusion through Dialogical Arts Education

d@rts is a catalyst for increasing social cohesion and inclusion, using embodied performing arts activities to develop cognitive and affective cultural literacy. We recognise that the performing arts encompass mass-market consumer goods, as well as non-linguistic, embodied and social activities, providing massive opportunities for inclusive participation.
Our target groups comprise actors of all ages and social positions, especially in the school system and in community arts initiatives. We will empower these groups to be artistically active, dialogically related and culturally literate, giving them tools and motivation to improve their own situations and those of others within the overall frame of a cohesive European society, informed by global perspectives.
Using the post-colonial insight that culture is necessarily heterogeneous, d@rts has four related objectives:
1. Understand how performing arts activities relate to cultural literacy in official discourse and documents across partner countries
2. Use this understanding to build dialogues and co-create physical and digital actions with heterogeneous groups within our target audience
3. Develop assessment tools for these actions, enabling measurable growth in cultural literacy
4. Use our findings in recommendations for cultural and educational policies that build long-term social cohesion and inclusion
Based on these objectives, the overall outputs comprise:
1. Documentary, survey and participatory research findings
2. Performative DIALOGART actions for cultural literacy
3. Policy and practice recommendations to increase social cohesion via cultural literacy actions inspired by the performing arts
d@rts imagines new futures and creates hope and social cohesion through performing arts education. By creating participatory spaces and facilitating dialogues, we empower voices seldom heard. d@rts thus advances cultural literacy, and enhances social cohesion and resilience, to build an inclusive future for Europe.

REGULAR AND UNPLANNED CARE ADAPTIVE DASHBOARD FOR CROSS–BORDER EMERGENCIES

During cross-border health emergencies, health and care services may be overwhelmed by high numbers of patients requiring unplanned care. Delays and backlogs in regular care, as a result of the stretched health care system, leave millions of patients with regular care needs unattended, resulting in disastrous healthcare outcomes. If poor healthcare outcomes across the population are to be avoided, healthcare systems must become more resilient and flexible and allow for rapid changes in the care delivery services. RAPIDE’s aim is to develop, validate and demonstrate a portfolio of powerful tools that enable healthcare systems to build in robustness of decisions, resilience of the health care professionals and patients and flexibility in the modalities of care delivery, thereby maintaining access to regular care during health emergencies. 

RAPIDE emphasises opportunities for optimising in-hospital care, but also for relocating care from hospitals to community and home environments without loss of care quality. Thus, the project focuses on two closely-linked challenges – 1: Identifying and predicting how much care, and which care, needs to be moved along the care chain; 2: Identifying and verifying effective, feasible and acceptable ways to make this reconfiguration of care a reality. This will be achieved by (a) resource modelling, which builds comprehensive foresight and forecasting solutions and links them to patient flows optimization, along the whole chain of care, (b) selecting and implementing the best available tools to deliver regular care in new ways. To ensure usability, acceptability and equitable real-world value, RAPIDE will be co-designed and co-validated with stakeholders, from patients, GPs, clinicians and hospital managers to health ministries, pandemic-management and public health agencies. A Table Top Exercise and extensive communication and dissemination will raise awareness of the project’s successes.

Midlene fra MCA-3.01 Marie Curie Actions fordelt på år

Midlene fra MCA-3.01 Marie Curie Actions fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra MCA-3.01 Marie Curie Actions fordelt på fagområde

Epigenetics in Mental Disorders: The role of imprinting and methylation patterns  in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

To meet the demands for superior materials and technologies for future electrical energy generation, the present project sets out to explore flash lamp annealing (FLA) as a low-cost processing technique for high performance zinc oxide- and multicrystallin e silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) devices. A more in-depth understanding and better control of the electrical response of intrinsic and impurity related defects will enable further expansion of the aforementioned semiconductors as candidate materials for  present and future PV applications. To verify in detail the potential of FLA, extensive studies of the interplay between annealing parameters and the resulting properties of the fabricated structures will be conducted. By varying temperature and pulse dur ation, the evolution of the structural, optical and electrical characteristics of the materials annealed will be determined by means of X-ray diffraction, electron transmission microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering spectro metry, sheet resistance, laser beam induced current, photovoltage, u-Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence, while the defects will be studied by deep level transient spectroscopy, admittance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The  results will then be compared and evaluated relative to those reported for PVs processed by standard routes. To facilitate the selection of the optimal annealing conditions, preliminary simulations of the temperature distribution within the sample struct ures will be performed. 
Based on our findings, a novel and cost-efficient millisecond-range annealing concept for the fabrication of mc-Si and ZnO-based PV devices will be proposed. To validate the application of ion implantation for PV processing, two d ifferent methods: ion beam implantation and plasma immersion ion implantation will be explored. Their effect on the performance of the resulting PV element will be elaborated.

Novel Milisecond annealing for high-performance PV concepts

En av de største utfordringene for vår felles globale fremtid er tilstrekkelig tilgang til ren energi. Den globale energietterspørselen er forventet å fordobles innen 2050, mens etterspørselen for elektrisitet vil triples i samme periode. Derfor trengs disruptive innovasjoner for å fremme fossilfri energiproduksjon, -lagring, -konvertering og -distribusjon.  Ved å kontrollere interaksjonen mellom bulkegenskapene, nanoskala-fenomen og atomistiske prosesser, kan vi skreddersy materialer og komponenter. Disse skreddersydde løsningene er grunnlaget for fremtidige teknologier. I denne sammenhengen er en bestemt klasse av halvledermaterialer, og da særlig halvledere med vide båndgap (WGS), ansett som et av de mest lovende nye konseptene.  I WEDD-prosjektet ser vi på to av de mest spennende og anerkjente WGS, nemlig sinkoksid (ZnO) og silisiumkarbid (SiC). Disse har komplementære egenskaper. ZnO er et egnet materiale for optoelektroniske komponenter, som for eksempel i fremtidens solceller, og i lysgivende komponenter på UV/blå bølgelengde. Her kan ZnO opptre som en effektiv sender med høy elektrisk konduktivitet, og høy transmisjonsfaktor av fotoner fra sola.  SiC derimot, er et yndet materiale i kraft/strøm elektronikk  hvor man skal konvertere, transportere og distribuere elektrisk energi. Særlig fra fornybare energikilder.  Det er antatt at man kan gjøre besparelser, tilsvarende ca. 10-15% av all den energien som produseres av atomkraftverk i dag,  hvis man erstatter Si-baserte  energisystemer med SiC-baserte systemer. 
Et fremragende faglig høydepunkt i WEDD er identifikasjonen/påvisningen av karbonvakanser (VC) i SiC, og dens rolle i begrensning av livstid for elektroner og hull. Dette gjennombruddet kom som et resultat av tett internasjonalt samarbeid med grupper fra Japan, Sverige og Ungarn. Resultatet gir oss muligheten til å kontrollere tilstedeværelsen av Vc. Helt nylig har et nytt konsept for å styre konsentrasjonen av Vc demonstrerts. Det bygger på varmebehandling i karbon-rik atmosfære ved moderate temperaturer under termodynamisk likevekt. De eksperimentelle resultatene kan beskrives med en simuleringsmodell hvor diffusjon og rekombinasjon av karbon vakanser og interstitielle karbon atomer er sentrale element. Dey eksperimentelle konseptet er ukomplisert og bedre/enklere enn de som brukes i dag for å styre tilstedeværelsen av Vc. Dette igjen gjør at SiC-komponenter med redusert energitap kan forventes inn i fremtidens energikonversjon og transmisjon av elektrisitet. 
Et annet høydepunkt i WEDD er påvisningen av rollen til hydrogen i de såkalte E3-defektene in ZnO. E3 er den mest utholdende punktvise defekten i alle typer ZnO-materialer, og hindrer muliggjøringen av p-type doping. Dette funnet kan vise veien til å overkomme dette p-doping problemet, og dermed muliggjøre lysgivende ZnO-bipolare komponenter. Videre, gjennom en undersøkelse hvor vi kombinert resultater fra tetthets-funksjonal-teori (DFT) beregninger og elektriske spektroskopimålinger er E3 identifisert som et kompleks mellom en zink vakanse og tre hydrogen atomer. Til slutt, vekselvirken mellom oksygen vakanser og interstitielle hydrogen atomer er sterk i ZnO og oppviser stor reaktivitet.

This proposal addresses fundamental issues regarding atomistic phenomena in mono-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon carbide (SiC) - two wide bandgap semiconductors with great promise for renewable energy technology, energy saving (solid state lighti ng and electrical power distribution) and information technology (sensors and optoelectronics). However, to benefit from the true potential of ZnO and SiC some critical scientific challenges exist and two of the most crucial ones are tackled here, i.e., " controllable and stable doping" and "electrically active defects".
The origin of the commonly observed "inherent" n-type conductivity of as-grown ZnO will be studied in detail and the contributions from intrinsic defects and residual impurities are to be  understood and determined quantitatively. An ultimate goal is to master the inherent n-type doping and realize uncompensated high-resistivity samples of device-worthy quality.
Tunable and stable p-type doping is the most demanding challenge for a true bre akthrough of ZnO-technology in energy saving and optoelectronics. Non-equilibrium processes invoking ion implantation, diffusion and sample quenching are exploited for elements anticipated to have a suitable electronic structure as shallow p-type dopants.  Further, the role of defect species, possibly Zn interstitials, occurring during thermal treatment is to be revealed.
4H-SiC is a prime material for low-loss power electronics and sensors operating in harsh environment but the performance is ultimately l imited by deep level defects. Especially, the dominant Z1/2 and EH6/7 centers will be studied regarding identification, suppression and diffusion mechanisms.
The project is planned for 2 PhD students and 1 visiting scientist, and excellent facilities exis t at UiO-MiNaLab for sample growth, modification and characterization. Further, the project comprises extensive collaboration with leading international and national research partners.

Wide bandgap semiconductors - defects and dopants

The access to clean and sufficient energy represents probably the largest challenge of this century. Research programs world-wide put major emphasis on the need for rapid development of alternative and novel energy technology, and indeed, this calls for m aterials and components with performance beyond state-of-the-art. In this project (CONE), UiO/SMN unifies its forces in a coordinated effort on selected topics regarding conducting oxides (CO's) and nanostructures for energy technology, and obvious applic ations can be found in photovoltaics (PV) and solid state lightening. Basic research at the cutting edge is linked up with technology partners, and key outputs of CONE are (i) scientific results published in high impact journals, (ii) well-trained PhD's a nd Post-docs, (iii) DOFI's and patents, and (iv) novel KMB and BIP projects that emerge as a direct consequence of accomplishments by CONE. 
The scientific program is focused on three strategic themes where experiment and theory are closely interwoven; "F undamental properties of defects and impurities in CO's", "Transparent conducting oxides (TCO's) for PV", and "Nanostructures for energy technology" where the latter particularly concerns nanocrystals for 3rd generation PV aiming to exceed the fundamental  thermodynamic limit for conversion efficiency. Another challenging objective is realization of high-performance p-type TCO's which would imply unique possibilities in a number of areas like PV and energy saving by solid state lightening.
CONE is intended  for a period of 3.5 years until the end of 2010 with an activity level of 2 PhD students, 2 Post-docs and 1 visiting scientist (part time). Excellent facilities exist at UiO/SMN for the project and extensive collaboration with leading international partn ers is planned.

Conducting Oxides and Nanostructures for Energy Technology

This proposal addresses fundamental issues regarding ion-beam nanostructuring of monocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO), which is a novel semiconductor with great prospects in areas such as photovoltaics, photonics and spintronics. The use of ion beams in semic onductor technology has been a success story since the early 1960?s for controlled doping, and currently, we are entering a new exciting era where ion beams are exploited for nanostructuring of materials utilizing the inherent dimensions of ion-induced at omic collision cascades (typically, from a few nm to ~1000 nm).
State-of-the-art epitaxial ZnO films grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) as well as bulk ZnO samples will be exposed to energetic ions in order to modify electrical, opt ical and magnetic properties. In particular, the role of vacancy clusters (especially zinc vacancies), which occur with dimensions on the nm scale, and their interaction with dopant elements and impurities like hydrogen and transition metals will be targe ted. In fact, 'tuning' of these vacancy clusters may be decisive to accomplish controllable p-type doping by ion implantation. A cross disciplinary approach is taken for sample characterization involving structural, electrical, chemical and optical techni ques.
The project is planned for 1 PhD student and excellent experimental facilities exist at MiNaLab in Oslo for the work. Further, the project comprises extensive collaboration with leading international research partners.

Nanostructuring of novel semiconductors by ion beams

The performance of UV sensitive detectors has steadily increased over the last decades, and astronomical as well as terrestrial applications benefit from this evolution. These UV detectors have made possible the success of several solar missions and are n ow also finding application in the fabrication of user-friendly UV detectors for the prevention of skin cancer. However, the common Si-based UV-detectors exhibit some drawbacks that are difficult to overcome, including the issues of cooling and filtering to detect only a specific UV wavelength. These drawbacks can be resolved by using wide band-gap materials like GaN, SiC, ZnO and diamond. These materials can operate at elevated temperatures and, by a proper design, the detector requires no spectral filte ring via additional coatings. In particular, their wide band-gaps facilitate the construction of so-called daylight (solar) blind UV detectors which do not respond to radiation from the visible or infrared spectra but only to 'UV light'.
During the manufa cturing of UV detectors and in their operation afterwards, defects are introduced in them due to their exposure to energetic particles. In this project we intend comparing the introduction rates of defects in GaN, SiC, ZnO and diamond, during processing a s well as afterwards during controlled irradiation with high-energy particles. The results will show which of these four materials is the least affected by radiation. The radiation hardness of the materials will be assessed by, firstly, manufacturing UV d etectors on the four materials and, secondly, exposing them to MeV electrons, protons, He- and heavy-ions and then determining the defect introduction rates and free carrier removal rates. These results will be of great value both fundamentally and to the  UV detector and spacecraft industries.
The project implies heavy involvement by both research teams and constitutes a good example of sustainable research co-operation on equal partnership.

Radiation hardness of some wide band gap materials used for daylight blind UV detectors

This proposal addresses fundamental issues regarding atomistic phenomena occurring during modification and processing of silicon carbide (SiC). SiC is a novel wide bandgap semiconductor with an outstanding potential beyond the silicon era. However, to rea lize this potential, a number of critical scientific challenges need to be resolved, and two of the most commonly recognized ones are tackled here, i.e., 'gate dielectrics' and 'selective area doping'.
Al2O3 and ZrO2 will be grown on epitaxial 4H- and 6H- SiC layers by ALCVD, and the electrical and structural properties of the oxide/SiC interface will be studied in detail. An ultimate goal is to gain understanding about the identity of near-interfacial electron traps and how their density and energy distri bution can be controlled.
Focused beams of electrons/ions will be employed to reveal the intriguing phenomenon of long distance defect migration (>300 microns) outside the directly irradiated area in SiC. The process is athermal and may be one of the very  first confirmations of the Bourgoin-Corbett mechanism for charge-state driven migration. Laterally resolved electrical and optical characterization techniques are to be used, and the experimental concept is quite unique/original since it also facilitates  identification of defects involving carbon interstitials.
The crucial but scarcely studied EH6/7 deep-level defect in 4H-SiC will be investigated with respect to identity and mechanisms for formation and annealing. In particular, epitaxial layers grown u nder different conditions, like variation of the C/Si ratio and using different n-type dopants, will be subjected to electron/ion irradiation and electrical characterization.
The project is planned for 2 PhD students and 1 visiting scientist, and excellen t facilities exist at the MiNaLab in Oslo for sample growth, modification and analysis. Further, the project comprises extensive collaboration with leading international and national research partners.

Challenging atomistic processes in SiC

This proposal addresses key scientific issues associated with increasing the efficiency of high-performance Si-based solar cells. Two main routes will be explored; the first one concerns reduction of surface and interface charge carrier recombination by i ntroducing nano-structured buffer layers of amorphous hydrogenated Si (a-Si:H) or SiC (a-SiC:H). The second one concerns reduction of contact and emitter recombination by utilization of transparent conductive oxides (TCO’s) deposited on Si. Also a combina tion of TCO’s with a-Si:H and a-SiC:H layers will be explored. The efforts are of experimental character involving advanced techniques for thin film deposition, like different versions of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and sol-gel/spin coating, device pr ocessing, characterization and realization of full solar cells on a laboratory scale. Some examples of specific research tasks are (i) deposition of nano-structured a-Si:H and/or a-SiC:H films with sufficient thermal stability to resist any thermal degradation of the passivating properties during subsequent processing steps like contact me tallization, (ii) development of synthesis schemes for adequate precursors to be used in the CVD processes, and (iii) soft deposition of TCO’s to minimize the generation of interfacial defects. Both the research performing partners (UiO and IFE) have excellent and complementary facilities for carrying out the project, and in addition, the project involves international collaboration with leading groups in the photovoltaics field

High efficiency Si-based solar cells employing nanostructured layers

Radiation hardness of different wide band gap materials used for UV detectors

The proposal addresses some fundamental scientific issues of key relevance for advanced particle detectors based on high-purity low-doped silicon. Fabrication of such devices is a core activity within Micro(Nano)-System-Technology (M(N)ST) and a vital par t of the international 'MST-profile' of Norway. The most critical aspect of these detectors is the formation of electrically active defects in the Si-material when exposed to particle irradiation. Defects in high-purity and low-doped Si are scarcely studied and poorly understood, and in this project we will investigate the formation mechanisms, annealing kinetics and structural symmetry of the major irradiation-induced point defects and higher-orde r complexes (nanoclusters) in such Si-materials. This will give imperative knowledge of how to 'engineer' Si-wafers in order to obtain detectors with the utmost radiation hardness and it will also provide input to computer modeling of the defect character istics. Excellent experimental facilities exist (or will exist) for processing and characterization of the Si-samples. Here, the new Microsystem Research Laboratory (MRL) in Oslo, Gaustabekkdalen, will be an invaluable asset. Further, the project involves extensi ve international collaboration with several leading groups in the field of Si particle detectors and irradiation-induced defects, and it is conducted in close association with one Nordic and two European networks.

Point defects and nanoclusters in irradiated high-purity silicon

Micro/Nano-analyzer for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

Advanced Sensors for Microsystems

The request for increasingly smaller structures with adaptive ("smart") performance characteristics in micro- and nano-system technology implies totally new challenges for synthesis and characterization of semiconductor structures with nanoscopic dimensio ns. This proposal deals with two of the most promising wide-band-gap semiconductors for the development of new micro/nanotechnology, namely SiC and GaN. Some main applications of these materials are high temperature electronics like sensors in harsh environments, optoelectronic devices for communication, high-power and high-frequency devices for efficient (low power loss) and inexpensive connection of ren ewable and partly intermittent DC energy sources to the existing AC-electrical network. The aim of this project is to study the electrical properties of SiC- and GaN-structures and correlate the results with those from optical and structural techniques. A special focus will be on the understanding of how the electrical and optical properies can be tuned by either defect complexes involving lanthanide atoms or quantum structures (wells and dots) of different SiC-polytypes. Excellent facilities are available at UoO for electrical characterization of the synthesized SiC- and GaN-structures. Further, a close collaboration with several leading groups in the field is foreseen and close links exist with research partners in Europ e (Germany,Sweden, France), USA and Australia.

MCA-3.01 Marie Curie Actions

Epigenetics in Mental Disorders: The role of imprinting and methylation patterns in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Tildelt: kr 0,40 mill.

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MCA-3.01 Marie Curie Actions

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