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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



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Miscali; M. Italia STP 03/04

Anoreksi (anoreksia nervosa) er en alvorlig psykisk lidelse som særlig rammer unge kvinner. Lidelsen har store helsemessige konsekvenser for dem som rammes, der livskvalitet, deltagelse i arbeidsliv og fertilitet påvirkes. Alle disse konsekvensene bidrar til store personlige-, familiære- og samfunnsmessige kostnader. Behandling av anoreksi innebærer gjerne en kombinasjon av ernæringsbehandling og ulike typer psykoterapeutiske tilnærminger men behandlingen er komplisert og bare 50 prosent av pasientene får tilfredsstillende resultat. Medisinske komplikasjoner er vanlig og anoreksi er den psykiske lidelsen med høyest dødelighet. Det er derfor et stort behov for flere nye strategier for anoreksibehandling. Flere studier tyder på at det er en sammenheng mellom tarmfloraen og mental helse. Studier har også vist at man kan overføre anoreksi-symptomer fra anoreksipasienter til mus ved å overføre tarmflora. Det betyr at det potensielt kan være mulig å behandle anoreksipasienter ved å påvirke tarmfloraen. I et stort tverrfaglig samarbeidsprosjekt med Norges miljø og miljøvitenskapelige universitet (NMBU) og Oslo Universitetssykehus i spissen skal det gjennomføres en ny, klinisk studie blant pasienter med alvorlig anoreksi. Målsetningene er å få mer kunnskap om samspillet mellom kosthold og tarmfloraen hos pasienter med anoreksi, og om hvordan dette samspillet påvirker symptomer som lav appetitt, tarmproblemer og andre anoreksi-assosierte problemer. Det skal også gjennomføres laboratorieforsøk for å finne nye typer prebiotika (karbohydrat-typer) som potensielt kan brukes til å normalisere tarmfloraen hos pasientene. Deretter skal effekten av disse testes på mus som har fått overført tarmflora fra anoreksipasienter. Forhåpentligvis vil prosjektet danne grunnlaget for å lage et prebiotika-tilskudd som kan supplere dagens behandling og hjelpe anoreksipasienter på veien til å oppnå god helse og livskvalitet samt et liv med normal forventet levealder.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental disorder occurring mainly in women. AN is characterized by severely restricted food-intake and subsequent low weight. The disease burden for the individual is high with medical complications and psychiatric comorbidities. Despite decades of research, there are large gaps in our understanding of the biological aspects of  AN  and lack of effective interventions. Current clinical treatment is associated with gastrointestinal problems, high rates of relapse and poor outcome causing long-term sickness absence and disability. During the COVID19 pandemic the prevalence and severity of AN has spiked. Therefore, we are in great need of novel strategies for AN treatment, that can be easily implemented in the clinic without adding complexity to the standard care of treatment. During the resent years it has been proposed that mental disorders might be treated via manipulating the composition and function of the microbes that live in our gut (the microbiota) by adding or restricting fermentable nutrients (prebiotics) in the diet. However, in order to use prebiotics to treat the microbiota in AN patients, we need more knowledge on how the AN microbiota is affected by the current standard care treatment. We also need to identify possible prebiotics that can be useful for normalizing AN microbiota. The overall aim of the “Norwegian Microbiota Anorexia Nervosa” (NorMA) study is to join forces of researchers, clinical health care services and voluntary sector in a transdiciplinary approach to improve our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in AN patients. We will conduct a clinical trial in AN patients and also establish experimental procedures to screen novel prebiotics for their ability to modify and normalize AN derived microbiota. The long-term goal of the project is to pave the way for a targeted and clinically feasible individualized treatment for better tolerable weight-restoration and improved health in AN patients.

Gut microbiota alterations in anorexia nervosa - paving the way for personalized prebiotic treatment strategies

Dette prosjektet undersøkte hvordan hjernen og kognitive funksjoner påvirkes av anoreksi. Metodene som ble benyttet var nevropsykologisk/kognitiv testing og funksjonell hjerneavbildning med MR. Pasientene ble undersøkt når de var i den akutte sykdomsfasen av anoreksi og ved 10 måneder etter den første undersøkelsen. Pasientene som deltok, var jenter/kvinner mellom 15 og 18 år. Pasientene ble sammenlignet med friske jenter/kvinner på samme alder, og disse har gjennomført de samme nevropsykologiske testene og hjerneavbildningen på samme tidsintervaller som pasientene. Datainnsamlingen er nå avsluttet, og en av tre planlagte artikler er publisert. Hovedfunnene i prosjektet er at pasientene med anoreksi sammenlignet med friske har redusert volum av hippocampus og tynnere cortex, og at disse anatomiske endringene har signifikante sammenhenger med mål på kognitive og affektive symptomer. Et annet viktig funn var at jentene med anoreksi til tross for cerebrale anatomiske endringer, ikke hadde signifikant lavere evnenivå enn friske jenter på samme alder. Artiklene som er under arbeid omhandler forholdet mellom effekten av cortical tynning på kognitive- og affektive psykologiske mål, og hvordan hjernens nettverk for kognitive funksjoner påvirkes av alvorlig anoreksi.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder with the one of the highest mortality rates of all psychiatric disorders. Previous neuroimaging studies have focused on specific brain areas that might be important for the symptoms and progression of the  disorder, but structural or functional deficits in single cerebral areas are insufficient to explain all symptoms of AN. Several studies have shown that patients with AN displays reduced performance on cognitive tests that measures executive functions (pl anning, response inhibition, cognitive changes, implementation of activity) when compared to individuals without AN. Also, performance in respect of visuospatial tests, visual attention, learning and memory is reduced at group level when compared to peopl e without AN. The present project will use advanced brain imaging techniques (Functional MRI, Structural MRI , Diffusion tensor imaging, Resting state functional Connectivity) in combination with neuropsychological testing to investigate whether brain net works rather than single cerebral areas could explain cognitive deficits in patients with AN. 40 hospitalized Girls/women between the ages of 12 to 20 years diagnosed with AN will be included from the University Hospital North-Norway and Oslo University H ospital. 40 healthy age matched controls will be recruited as control group. Neuropsychological testing and MRI examinations will be performed after admission, and nine months after. The control group will undergo the same examinations with the same inter val. We hypothesize that the patient group will display lower performance on test for executive functions compared to the control group and also lower scores compared to normative data. We expect that the reduction in neuropsychological functioning can be  explained by lower functional connectivity in cerebral executive networks, and structural changes in cerebral tissue.
It is applied for salary and expenses for one PhD student for three years.

COGNITIVE AND CEREBRAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA

IS-STP-Statsstipendprogram, utlendinger

Miscali; M. Italia STP 03/04

Tildelt: kr 0,11 mill.

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