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Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Midlene fra IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland fordelt på fagområde

Professor

DAAD-PPP 2004/2005 Kuznetsov
2004bevilgning tas av 2003budsjettet og 2005budsjettet skal tas av 2004budsjettet

In order to achieve the objectives of the project dissemination activities will be undertaken targeted at each of the identified stakeholder groups.

Reaching the public
We intend to hold an open half-day meeting in Oslo for 100-150 people with a format a llowing for both dissemination of project results and interaction with and within the audience. The focus of the discussion sessions will be future developments, since these are likely to generate most public interest
The language of the meeting will be N orwegian, except for presentations given by international speakers.

Reaching decision-makers
We intend to hold a half-day workshop for 20-30 political, administrative and industry decision-makers in the stem cell area on the day before or after the publi c meeting. The workshop will be by invitation only and will be held centrally in Oslo.
Three sessions will focus on: 1) adult stem cells, prospects and issues, 2) embryonic and foetal stem cells, prospects and issues, and 3) emerging issues, e.g. stem cel ls from chimaeric embryos, egg donation for stem cell derivation and intellectual property and control of stem cell lines.

Reaching the academic community
Results from the project have already been published and more manuscripts are submitted or in prepa ration. We do, however think that more effective dissemination can be achieved if the project as a whole can be presented. We intend to achieve this by two high profile dissemination activities directed towards the international academic community:
1. A w orkshop at the main European meeting for medical ethics, the annual conference of the European Society for the Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care to take place in Cardiff in August 2007.
2. A special issue of the Journal of Medical Ethics, one of the leading international medical ethics journals, based on papers given at project workshops or specifically commissioned.

Dissemination related to the "Going to the Roots of the Stem Cell Controversy" project

Dette er et delprosjekt av forskningsprosjektet om tilgang til og rettslig beskyttelse av genetiske ressurser hos oppdrettsfisk (ref prosjekt 157172/S10 - "Strategies and regulations pertaining to access to genetic resources" - prosjektleder professor dr.  juris. Ernst Nordtveit, Det juridiske fakultet, UiB.)

Ved å kombinere jus, biologi og statsvitenskap har dette delprosjektet studert grunnlaget og mulighetene for nasjonal regulering av tilgang til genressurser til bruk innen akvakultur. Prosjektgruppen  har gjort systematiske undersøkelser av strategier innenfor oppdrettsnæringen i kombinasjon med undersøkelser av nasjonale og internasjonale lovreguleringer på området. Dette er gjennomført ved en rekke intervjuer med sentrale aktører innenfor norsk laks eoppdrett for å lære om deres behov og vurderinger med hensyn til slike rettslige reguleringer. Det har resultert i en utdypende diskusjon av en rekke former for rettslig og biologisk beskyttelse. Et annet resultat fra delprosjektet var at det er et misfo rhold mellom aktørenes kunnskap om lovreguleringer og oppfattelsen av fremtidige behov og interesser. På denne bakgrunn er formidling fra prosjektet av spesielt stor betydning.

Tilgang til og rettslig beskyttelse av genetiske ressurser hos oppdrettsfisk.

Patentretten er et sentralt virkemiddel for å sikre resultatene fra genteknologisk forskning, samtidig som strenge patenter kan legge begrensninger på utvikling av nye produkter. Kunnskapen om patentrett er liten i samfunnet både blant alminnelige debattd eltagere og samfunnsborgere og blant forskere som har noe å tjene på økt bruk av patenter for å sikre sine idéer og oppfinnelser.

Dette formidlingsprosjektet tar sikte på å gjøre innsikten fra Public Domain prosjektet tilgjengelig i bokform for brukere a v patentsystemtet og for den alminnelig samfunnsdebatten om temaet.

Formidling av resultater fra prosjekt om Public Domain to Genetic Resources

En verdiworkshop er en deltagende prosess der representanter for berørte parter i en sak bruker en etisk matrise for etisk vurdering av et spesifikt oppgitt tema. Etisk matrise/verdiworkshopmetode er teoretisk studert i doktorgradsarbeidet nevnt over, som  har munnet ut i avhandlingen "A Deliberative Ethical Matrix Method - Justification of Moral Advice on Genetic Engineering in Food Production". I avhandlingen brukes Monsantos Roundup Ready raps som et case som analyseres på teoretisk basis. Det understre kes allikevel i avhandlingen at en etisk vurdering bør foretas av de berørte partene i saken. Den planlagte workshopen følger dermed opp sentrale deler av doktorgradsarbeidet. 
Caset er i mellomtiden blitt enda mer relevant. Roundup ready-rapsen ble i 200 5 godkjent for markedsføring i EU og er nå til behandling i Norge, som den første genmodifiserte arten som potensielt vil markedsføres inn i matvarekjeden (primært som bruk til dyrefôr). Når genteknologiloven krever at bruk av GMOer skal være etisk aksept abel, er det viktig at det blir foretatt en bred etisk diskusjon med berørte parter og eksperter om saken. Denne diskusjonen vil også ha overføringsverdi til tilsvarende tilfeller i fremtiden. 
Verdiworkshopen vil bestå av ca 12-15 deltagere. Etiske aspek ter ved produksjon er relevant i vurderingen av den etiske akseptabiliteten av markedsføringen produktet. Derfor vil en representant for canadiske dyrkere av Roundup ready raps og andre berørte i Canada bli invitert. I tillegg vil det inviteres en represe ntant for genteknologiindustrien, for forbrukere, for miljøbevegelsen, osv. Også enkelte norske eksperter og representanter for myndigheter, Bioteknologinemnda, osv. vil inviteres. Workshopen vil foregå over to dager og finne sted i Osloområdet så snart d et er praktisk mulig. Resultatene vil oppsummeres i en rapport, og det planlegges også vitenskapelig publisering i et relevant tidsskrift.

Verdiworkshop Roundup Ready GM raps

Vi ønsker å formidle resultater fra Kjetil Rommetveits avhandling ?Biotechnology: Action and choice in second modernity?, og å anvende noen av innsiktene fra prosjektet til å kaste nytt lys over et sentralt element i den norske biopolitikken, nemlig ?å li gge i forkant av utviklingen?. En av hovedkonklusjonene i Rommetveits avhandling er at forutsetningene for å fatte gode valg ved innføringen av nye teknologier (genetikk, genomikk) kommer under kraftig press etter hvert som stadig sterkere krefter (politi kk, etikk, vitenskap, juss og økonomi) forenes innenfor den globale kunnskapsøkonomien. Dette medfører et tilsvarende behov for å tenke nytt omkring eksisterende og fremtidige institusjoner for teknologi-utvikling, teknologi-vurdering og politisk reguleri ng av vitenskap og teknologi. En ansvarlig og bærekraftig regulering av vitenskap og teknologi vil måtte ta inn over seg og inkorporere flere aktører og perspektiver enn dagens etikk- og prinsipp-baserte tilnærminger. En viktig oppgave for ELSA-forskere o g forskningspolitikere/administratorer er derfor å komme sammen og drøfte muligheter og utfordringer forbundet med nye institusjoner og kunnskapsformer (kunnskap som beveger seg på tvers av skillelinjene naturvitenskap og humaniora/samfunns-vitenskap, men  også mellom eksperter og legfolk). Hovedfokuset for prosjektet rettes mot betingelser for god beslutningstaking. Disse målene søkes fremmet gjennom å arrangere en konferanse i samarbeid med Rokkansenteret i Bergen og Nasjonal Etisk Kommitte for Naturvite nskap og Teknologi (NENT). Prosjektet har også en rein formidlingsdel, bestående av to populærvitenskapelige artikler forfattet i samarbeid med forskerne fra Rokkansenteret, samt en mer teoretisk vinklet del som vil resultere i publisering av to vitenskap elige (ELSA) artikler i internasjonalt anerkjente tidsskrift. Sentralt i alle tre delene av prosjektet står problemstillinger knyttet til genomikk,institusjoner, kunnskapsproduksjon og beslutningstaking.

I forkant av utviklingen?

Perceptions of gender, genes and reproduction (formidling)

Produksjon av 5 temaark for vidergående skole og allmennheten.

Temaarkene skal belyse forskningsfronten innen bioteknologi med nye muligheter og etiske dilemma innfor kilder til stamceller og stamcelleforskning (spesielt aktuelt i forbindelse med revider ing av bioteknologiloven).
Temaark om Bioprospektering er viktig for forskningsmiljøene, forvaltning og allmennheten i forbindelse med utnytting av våre genressurser og ny lov om Biologisk mangfold og oppfølging av Biodiversitetskonvensjonen. I 2007 er de t 20-års-jubileet for Brundtlandkommisjonen.

Følgende temaark ønskes produsert:
Forskning på befruktede egg, Preimplantasjonsdiagnostikk og fosterdiagnostikk, Assistert befruktning (Bioteknologiloven)
og Bioprospektering  (Naturmangfoldloven)

Temaarkene  skal være gratis, lett tilgjengelige og enkle å oppdatere. Noen blir utgitt på nynorsk.

Temaark om bioteknologi for vidergående skole

Biobanking, i.e. storage of biological samples or data emerging from such samples for diagnostic, therapeutic or research purposes, has been going on for decades in many European countries and elsewhere. However, it is only since the mid 1990s that these activities have become the subject of considerable public attention, concern and debate. 

The aim of the present proposal is firstly to realise the publication of a book on the ethics of research biobanking requested by Springer Verlag. What makes this w ork distinctive from previous studies is its analogical approach (see description below). Besides, it represents the first attempt at giving a content full account of the particular ethical, legal and social challenges raised by research biobanking. Furth ermore, it aims at clarifying the institutional nature of research biobanks. 

The second aim is to provide a report on the original project on research biobanking, i.e a report aimed at informing the general public in a comprehensive and transparent way about the institutional nature of research biobanking and the ethical, legal and social challenges raised by research biobanking.

Research biobanking and the ethics of transparent communication

Vi vil formidle bredt fra de to prosjektene som søknaden utgår fra, i form av kronikker i riksdekkende aviser og essays i tverrfaglige tidsskrift. og i tillegg trekke opp og presentere mer generelle perspektiver på den bioteknologiske utviklingen og de ut fordringer, muligheter og dilllemmaer den reiser i det norske samfunnet.
I tillegg til formidling i form av essay og  kronikker vil vi også formidle gjennom konferansebidrag.

Formidlingsmidler

Stemcells have occupied the centerstage of scientific, public and political awareness since its isolation in 1998. They produce golden hopes of finding future cures for a lot of diseases, but also provoke very heated and antagonistic public debates. It cr eates deep moral concers, involving the status of human embryos, manipulation and destruction of nascent human life and human cloning. The public and political debates have, however, differed across national contexts, resulting in very different legal and  regulatory regimes in nations as USA, UK, Germany and Norway. We want to look deeper into the constructions of the national discourses around stemcell-problematics in these nations. Moral arguments present themselves in a universal fashion, but they are also embedded in and shaped by social, cultural, political and epistemic contexts. National comparisons are effective ways of demonstrating this, thereby denaturalizing central arguments, dominant concepts and general perspectives. This might open new spa ces for for both moral and political reasoning.
We will construct the comparisons around three axes: USA/Norway, UK/Norway and Germany/Norway. Each of the axes, may cover up blind spots in the others, because two nations may share some pre-suppositions an d formative elements, which they in turn do not share with other, third nations.
Leading questions in the comparisons will be how the national discourses around stemcells translate, interprete and give meaning to the older problems concerning embryo-resea rch and human cloning. These problems have haunted the stemcell-debates, but in different ways in different nations. This is partly due to the way these problems have been understood and interpreted 10 or 20 years ago.
In the project we will study parliam entary debates, official reports, reprots from ethical committees, reprots from interest groups, articles in professional journals and in some central newspapers.

National moral landscapes: The Politics of Stemcells

This is a multidisciplinary project with contributions from biology, medicine, philosophy and theology.
The background for the project are the developments going on within the fields of basic and clinical research on and clinical use of human stem cells. These new biotechnological possibilities have lead to an intensive ethical debate in many countries, especially in Europe and the USA, dealing with a broad spectrum of new ethical dilemmas. A central point in the ethical discussions and in the political d ebates of the legislators has been the question of how to handle stem cells from human embryos, available in various ways.
The main problem raised in this project is therefore: What is the moral status of human embryos with regard to use of embryonic stem  cells in scientific research and clinical therapy, and what are the weakness and strength of various opinions and positions when they are critically evaluated?
The project consists of two central elements: The first element is an updated presentation of the current knowledge of the state of research and therapy within the field of stem cells and what seem to be its near future developments. This will be done with special regard to embryonic stem cells and compared to stem cells from other sources (foetus , cord blood and adult individuals).
The second element is the philosophical and theological, ethical discussion of what is meant by moral status and what is this status of human embryos with regard to use of embryonic stem cells in research and therapy. This will include an overview and evaluaton of existing positions and arguments in various philosophical and theological tradition. The discussion will also take into account the different ways in which embryonic stem cells are available, the use of embry onic stem cells compared to stem cells from other sources, the moral status of medical research itself and the relation between respect for embryos and life-saving and suffer-reducing medical progress.

The moral status of human embryos with special regard to stem cell research and therapy

The project investigates the legal implications of biometric identification/authentication schemes in terms of the effect of such schemes (and attendant regulation) on personal identity, autonomy, privacy and integrity. It investigates these issues by exa mining regulatory instruments, both at national and international levels, particularly those dealing specifically with biometrics, data privacy, biotechnology, biobanks and criminal procedure. The investigation is cross-jurisdictional, with particular foc us on relevant initiatives in Norway, United Kingdom, Australia and USA. The principal objective of the project is to lay a solid platform for resolving the issue of how biometric identification and authentication schemes -- including the information gene rated by them -- ought to be legally regulated.

Legal Regulation of Biometric Identification and Authentication Processes

In a traditional three year project with research fellows it is impossible to conduct a serious analysis of all the main issues in the stem cell area. But because they are interlinked focusing on only some of them will be problematic.
We have therefore de veloped a project that does not primarily rely on research fellows, but which draws directly on the work of international experts and on work on  stem cells in progress by two of the senior members of staff at Center for Medical Ethics.
This can best be d one in a workshop format with direct interaction between opposing views, but in a spirit of a "Peacemaking mode of doing philosophy".
The project relies on 5 carefully planned workshops, that span the complete set of issues raised by stem cell research an d stem cell based therapies.
These are linked through meetings of the core project group in which the discussions will be synthesised, and issues identified for further analysis.

WS1 Will begin with a number of "state of the art" presentations. These wil l be followed by two case studies (UK & Norway) of the role played by the stem cell community in informing and influencing public debate and policy making processes.

WS2 focuses on how the stem cell debate has reopened and previous debates concerning rep roduction and the limits of embryo research.

WS3 focuses on the issues raised because stem cell research is still in its infancy, and that the ethical and political decision making has to take place in a context of profound scientific uncertainty concern ing the effectiveness and final impact of embryonic and adult stem cell therapies.

WS4 focuses on the use of consistency arguments in the stem cell debate, and on the link between bioethical analysis and policy making in liberal democracies.

WS5 focuses  on the broader context of scientific and bioethical arguments and rhetoric. It will try to elucidate what kinds of arguments translate effectively from the academic to the public policy sphere and why

Going to the roots of the stem cell controversy

The aim of this project is to critically examine the implications of functional genomics for the principle of equality of health-related opportunities -- and its implementation in health policy. 
Important philosophical and political positions argue thata  central goal of public policy should be to secure all individuals equal opportunities. All equal opportunity approaches argue that society should eliminate inequalities that arise from some, but not all, factors. However, different versions of this app r oach disagree as to which factors are a legitimate source of inequality and which factors that are not. Our research project takes as a starting point the interpretation of equal opportunity favored by most liberal egalitarians such as Rawls, Roemer and D workin, what we call the level playing field interpretation of equal opportunity. 
The new genetics has important implications for a theory of equal opportunity. If we are to compensate individuals for differences in natural abili

Seminar on Genetics and Justice (Tilleggsbev til prosj. 151955 nå 157208)

Towards Sustainable and Equitable Bioprospecting in Norway
Stakeholders, institutions,legislative and environmental  consideration

The topic for this project is legal aspects of the concept public domain regarding genetic resources and associated knowledge.  The public domain can in short be described as specifying resources that are not subject to individualised exclusive property rights, but available for public usage.  Discussions of property rights to genetic resources and related knowledge have been acut alised by the biotecknological progress in this field, which has made exclusive individual rights to the material and option.  The followign three research questions will be investigated: 1. What is the legal understanding of the concept of public domain both seen from at theoretical perspective and from the perspective of international law? 2. What is the current legal situation in Norway? This will be investigated from two perpectives: from the public law perspective and from a private law perspective (private law comprises tangible property law and intellecutal property law) 3. How can changes in this field of law alter the legal positions of the users of geneti resources and other stakholders?  This project will provide a bais for discurssing how law can be used as a tool to offer favouralble conditions for private as well as public innovation and values creation.

Public Domain for Genetic Resources in Norway - a Legal Analysis

We want to analyse the extensive public discourse that are taking place around the subject of genetically modified food, where a number of actors are participating and all are contributing in forming a great and fluctuating story about genetically modifie d food. This is still a relatively new topic, where the different actors involved have different qualifications and possibilities to participate and to be heard in the public discourse. Genetic engineering can be characterized as a stigmatised technology,  and this implies specific challenges and difficulties in the communication process. Communication about GM-food has often taken the form of risk-communication, with the purpose to reduce risk perception among the public and reduce the sceptical attitudes . As we regard it, the communication about genetically modified food is a broad topic, including ethics, trade policies and power relations. By using discourse analysis, we want to investigate how the important actors involved experie n experience and understand the public discourse about genetically modified food. In this way it may be possible to develop a new role for social scientists in this field, acting as an intermediary between the actors. This mediating role of the social scien tists could make it possible to improve the dialogue between the actors.

Public dialogue on genetically modified food-communication between conflicting actors about a stigmatised technology

Nettverk for bioetikks idé: Bioetikkursene som NB skal arrangere skal gi "ringer i vannet"-effekt, der universitetsmiljøene (ring 1) skal være drivkraften.  Kursene skal også involvere de vitenskapelige høyskoler (ring 2) gjennom valg av spesielle tema som engsjerer fagpersonale og de som utdanner disse.  Kursmaterialet fra ring 1s dr.gradskurs i bioetikk skal videreutvikles til et tilbud for lærere og elever i den videregående skole (ring 3), og til å lage åpne debattmøter for allmenheten.  På denne måten vil man få en effektiv utn yttelse av de økonomiske og menneskelige ressurser ved at høyaktuell bioetikk fra universitetene bringes ut til allmenheten.  Kursene avholdes på omgang mellom landets universiteter samt NLH (ring 1), og er et samarbeid med Nasjonalt nettverk for koordingering av forskerutdanning i etikk.  Informasjon til allmenheten (ring 3) er et samarbeid med Norges forskningsråd og Bioteknol oginemnda.  Kursene skal gi deltagere innføring i: Bioteknologilovgivningen i Norge Etisk teori og metoder Erfaring i etisk evaluering av anvendelse av moderne bioteknologi med utgangspunkt i det aktuelle tema.  Nettverk for Bioetikk (NB) skal ta opp følgende tema: Bioetikk ved livets begynelse; Prenatal diagnostikk, Etikk som en del av en genøkologisk tilnærming; Livssyn/religioner og bioetikk; Bioetikk, risiko og globalisering: Nord-Sør-perspektiver og deretter  Økofilosofi

A national network for Ethical, Legal and Social Aspect (ELSA) of Biotechnology

The project will study a three step model of how scientific results are received and interpreted by the public: from new scientific knowledge, to presentations to the public, and therefrom to "folk theories" of reproduction. Using a gender sensitive appro ach, documents will be studies to find if and in case how gender differences are reflected in the research, and what perceptions of gender the presentations to the public build on. How are women's concerns and perspectives represented? The project will st udy women's and men's perceptions of reproduction, genes and new technologies and what types of information perceptions are built on. How are they discussed and reinterpreted among couples and with friends? What new ethical dilemmas are perceived as vital and what are the considerations of them? How can these questions be transformed to policy making?

Perceptions of gender, genes and reproduction

The aim of the project is an investigation of so called principle based ethics, a field within applied ethics, with a special focus on its applicability as a methodological tool for bioethical evaluations. The project will study the relevant methodologica l problems and the theoretical basis of the different methods. Two methods in particular will be the objects of the investigation and will be compared: the ethical matrix method and the multi criteria mapping method. The latter will be tested in two varia nts, a) using already defined ethical principles and b) without such constraints. The practical-empirical part will, among other things, result in guidelines for further application.

Principle based ethics - An investigation of the foundation and the importance of isolated ethical principles in applied ethics in the field

Prosjektets del I fremstiller noen sentrale problemstillinger i og med innføringen av bioteknologilovgivning i Norge. Grunnet feltets internasjonale karakter må det også trekkes paralleller til europeisk og internasjonal lovgivning. Norge har adoptert fra  amerikansk og europeisk lovgivning, likevel legges det strengere restriksjoner på anvedelse og forskning enn i mange andre land. Målet er ikke å gi en komparativ analyse, men en normativ analyse sentrert rundt de sentrale begrepene autonomi, anerkjennels e og legitimitet. Ved hjelp av disse begrepenes indre sammenheng beskrives lovgivningen som juridisk og politisk prosess (del 2). Det etableres dermed en forståelse som fokuserer på institusjonell og interdisiplinær handling fremfor på avgrensede, etiske  prinsipper. Slik søkes det utarbeidet et evalueringsgrunnlag som går dypere enn konkret politisk og juridisk argumentasjon. Tradisjonelle rettspolitiske legitimasjonsmodeller omtolkes; hverken loven som faktum (rettspositivismen) eller lovgivers vilje (n aturretten) kan innfri de legitimitetsfordringer som ligger i den nye situasjonen. Det må utvikles en fleksibel argumentasjonsform som evner å ivareta de etiske og politiske utfordringene som reises i den nye lovgivningen, samtidig som den evner å ta opp  i seg endrede faktiske forhold. Del 3 fremstiller en transeendentalpragmatisk refleksjon over Luhmanns systemteori. Teorien starter således i intersubjektiviteten of interdisiplinæriteten og ikke i et partikulært avgrenset system.

IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland

DAAD-PPP 2004/2005 Kuznetsov 2004bevilgning tas av 2003budsjettet og 2005budsjettet skal tas av 2004budsjettet

Tildelt: kr 0,10 mill.

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IS-DAAD-Forskerutveksl. Norge-Tyskland

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