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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Midlene fra IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa fordelt på fagområde

Helland, Terje J SOE04/05-59

The “Knowledge quality assessment as a sensemaking device: an enquiry into uncertainties, agency and climate change” (KQA-SMD) project is an enquiry into the ability for climate change knowledge assessment to strengthen local communities through sensemaking.  Climate change adaptation lies at the crux of a series of challenges that are directly related to knowledge, knowledge (co)production and assessment.  Human communities need to, simultaneously, face increasing, multi-dimensional uncertainties, associated to never experienced before environmental changes, and face associated ever shifting value systems and priorities. Local communities must simultaneously interpret uncertainties at hand, make sense of what is being experienced, while keeping alive and well the individual and collective ability to act.  We, Jeroen van der Sluijs, from UiB SVT, Elisabeth Jensen, also form UiB SVT, and Jean-Paul Vanderlinden, from CEARC (France), propose to combine our expertises to conceptualize how the treatment of deep uncertainties through knowledge quality assessment (KQA) may enhance the capacity for action through sensemaking.  We will organize focused small committee workshop in order to jointly develop the theoretical foundations of the issues at hand, device an analytical procedure, and write up the results in the form of a paper.  This work will allow for the development of a concept note and associated texts and consortium (4 countries, 5 partners) in order to be ready to use these in future EU, or international (Belmont Forum and others) calls for proposals.

Knowledge quality assessment as a sense-making device: an enquiry into uncertainties, agency and climate change

BeeCaution-prosjektet hadde som formål å involvere og nå ut til norske aktører i kunnskapsproduksjonen i Horisont 2020-prosjektet RECIPES. RECIPES-prosjektet fokuserte på forholdet mellom føre-var-prinsippet og innovasjon. Føre-var-prinsippet er et internasjonalt anerkjent prinsipp som muliggjør politisk beslutningstaking og regulering av substanser eller teknologier (som f.eks. kjemikalier, sprøytemidler eller nanoteknologier) som innebærer risiko for helse eller miljø, selv om man ikke har fullstendig eller eksakt kunnskap om risikoen. 

I RECIPES-prosjektet var hovedmålet å utvikle nye verktøy og retningslinjer, i samhandling med ulike interessenter og samfunnsaktører, som kan sikre at bruken av føre-var-prinsippet også fremmer ansvarlig innovasjon. Som inspirasjon til utviklingen av disse verktøyene har RECIPES’ partnere utført ni empiriske caser om bruken av føre-var-prinsippet i regulering av ulike teknologiske innovasjoner. Ved UiB utførte vi en casestudie om reguleringen av plantevernmidler med såkalte neonikotinoider grunnet risikoen de utgjør for pollinerende insekter som bier, med fokus på føre-var-prinsippets rolle.  

Det første BeeCaution-seminaret ble avholdt 29.04.2021, med deltakere fra akademia (vitenskapsfilosofer, insektforskere, toksikologer, jurister og samfunnsvitere), sivilsamfunn (miljøorganisasjoner og birøkterorganisasjoner) og rådgivende instanser. Vi diskuterte føre-var-prinsippet og dets rolle i norsk og europeisk miljølovgivning, samt den vitenskapelige og politiske prosessen som ledet til et (delvis) forbud i Europa mot bruken av plantevernmidler som er skadelige for bier. Vi mottok verdifulle innspill fra deltakerne om relevansen av disse resultatene både generelt og for den norske situasjonen.   

For å øke engasjementet til norske aktører oversatte vi oppsummeringsnotater og artikler fra RECIPES til norsk. Dette materiellet ble distribuert i BeeCautions nettverk, på BeeCautions nettside og til henholdsvis rundt 130 deltakere på Vossamøtet i 2021 og rundt 150 på Vossamøtet 2022; en stor konferanse for birøktere på Vestlandet.  

Videre har vi jobbet med å overføre innsikter fra BeeCaution til RECIPES-prosjektet. Vi utvidet medieanalysen av RECIPES-prosjektet, som dekket Süddeutsche Zeitung i Tyskland, Le Monde i Frankrike og The Guardian i Storbritannia, med en analyse av føre-var-prinsippet i norske aviser. Innsikter fra BeeCaution-møtene har dessuten blitt delt med og brukt i RECIPES. Europakommisjonen og andre europeiske beslutningstakere og etater er sluttbrukere av RECIPES’ «Rettleder om framtidig anvendelse av føre-var-prinsippet», og resultatene av BeeCaution-prosjektet har således bidratt til innvirkningen på politiske prosesser i EU. Norske myndigheter kan dra nytte av dette siden Norge legger stor vekt på EUs risikovurderinger når det gjelder godkjenning eller regulering av kjemikalier som plantevernmidler.    

I januar 2022 arrangerte BeeCaution det digitale seminaret Hvor viktig er føre-var-prinsippet i europeisk kjemikaleregulering? med over 40 deltakere. I mai 2022 deltok BeeCaution med en stand under Artsmangfoldhelgen ved Vil Vite-senteret i Bergen. Målgruppen var små barn og deres foreldre. Under dette arrangementet utviklet to studenter fra UiBs master i bærekraft flere lærerike spill om plantevernmidler og bier.  
7. juni 2022 arrangerte BeeCaution et internasjonalt symposium, Systemic pesticides and the biodiversity crisis: Toxic practices in agriculture, aquaculture and policy making, i samarbeid med International Task Force on Systemic Pesticides (TFSP). Blant innlederne var også en undersøkende journalist og en internasjonal aktivist som presenterte sine innsikter om lobbyvirksomhet i regi av plantevernindustrien som har bidratt til å betydelig forsinke og utvanne forholdsregler mot plantevernmidler som er skadelige for bier. 

6. oktober 2022 arrangerte BeeCaution et stort, åpent seminar i Brussel i samarbeid med Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO): Vitenskap, lobbyisme og miljøet - Rachel Carsons Silent Spring fyller 60 år. Arrangementet ble svært godt besøkt av et mangfoldig publikum bestående av EU-politikere, internasjonale og norske interesseorganisasjoner og vitenskapsfolk. 

10. mai 2023 holdt BeeCaution sitt siste åpne arrangement: forelesningen Presserende avgjørelser i usikre tider: fenomenet global biedød. Arrangementet var i samarbeid med Selskapet for Vitenskapenes Fremme og ble holdt på Christie Café i Bergen. Arrangementet var godt besøkt, og en podkast av forelesningen samt PowerPoint-presentasjonen ble senere gjort tilgjengelig på nettet.

We build a Norwegian epistemic network of relevant actors to engage in the H2020 RECIPES case study on neonicotinoid pesticides and bees through three Norwegian co-creation workshops for (1) Societal stakeholders; (2) Research environments; (3) policy makers. We extend the RECIPES media analysis to include a Norwegian newspaper. We will translate key deliverables and policy briefs resulting from RECIPES policy dialogues into Norwegian.
RECIPES aims to reconcile science, innovation and precaution by developing new tools and guidelines, based on co-creation with stakeholders, to ensure that the Precautionary Principle (PP) is applied while still encouraging innovation. The PP guides decision-makers faced with high risks, scientific uncertainty and public concerns. As a general principle of EU law, it allows decision-makers to act despite scientific uncertainty. The PP is also criticised for hindering technological innovation. Some stakeholders proposed an innovation principle, which requires taking into account the potential impacts of precautionary action on innovation. Phase 1 showed that the PP is mentioned in many Norwegian laws and policy documents but it's use and application is still under-developed. There is an urgent need for state of the art knowledge  in Norway on the recent international developments and discourses about PP and its relation to innovation. 
RECIPES comprises three research phases. In the framing phase of the project, the RECIPES Consortium will examine the effect and the application of the precautionary principle since 2000 (legal analysis, literature review, media analysis). In the analytical phase of the project, 8 case-studies will be done. UiB leads the case on neonic pesticides and bees. This will be combined with scenario building. In the developmental phase of the project, scenario workshops will be combined with a multi-criterion assessment framework to develop and assess the usefulness of the to-be-proposed new tools.

Bees pesticides and precaution: building an epistemic network in Norway

CoCliServ-prosjektet undersøkte hvordan skreddersydd informasjon kan brukes for å støtte lokal tilpasning til et klima i endring. Prosjektet studerte hvordan forskere kan arbeide sammen med lokalsamfunn for å produsere lokalt tilpassede klimatjenester. Prosjektet jobbet for å gjøre generell klimavitenskap til klimaprodukter- og tjenester som kan hjelpe lokalsamfunn å forstå lokale klimaendringer og bedre planlegge tiltak og tilpassing. Bergen var et av fem steder som ble studert i CoCliServ.
Prosjektets samutvikling av klimatjenester brukte lokale fortellinger som utgangspunkt. Slike fortellinger er viktig for å kunne forankre lokale klimatilpasningstiltak og vitenskapelige innspill i lokale forhold. Fortellingene viste for eksempel hvordan Bergen har endret seg fra en by med en identitet tradisjonelt definert av været til en by definert av sin bekymring for klimaet. Parallelt med dette eksperimenterte CoCliServ med å integrere kunst, vitenskap og politiske beslutningsprosesser, startet dialoger i lokalsamfunnet om klimatjenester og utviklet redskap for kritisk refleksjon rundt kvaliteten på klimavitenskap i lokale styringsprosesser.
Arbeidet til det internasjonale konsortiet ble organisert i arbeidspakker, og forskergruppen i Bergen bidrog til alle arbeidspakkene. Hovedbidragene til forskergruppen ved UiB var å få fram og analysere de tidligere nevnte endringsfortellingene i Bergen, som vi presentere ved en stor konferanse i 2019 og samlet i en UiB-ledet spesialutgave av tidsskriftet Climate Risk Management. Vi organiserte et såkalt «scenario-workshop» med nøkkelaktører i Bergen for å få fram hvilken informasjon som ville være viktig og publiserte det vi fant i tidsskriftet Climate Services. Vi utviklet en veileder for vurdering av kunnskapskvaliteten på klimatjenester, som ble inkludert i en UiB-ledet spesialutgave av tidsskriftet Frontiers in climate. Vi tok også initiativ til og la til rette for opprettelsen av en selvstendig folkeforskningsgruppe i Bergen.
 
CoCliServs forskning i Bergen ble gjennomført i samarbeid med ulike lokale aktører involvert i klimastyring, fra beslutningstakere på regjeringsnivå til representanter for organisasjoner, kulturelle personligheter, klimatjenesteutøvere, private konsulenter, forskere og marginaliserte grupper, slik at formidling av prosjektets resultater kunne rettes mot informasjonsbehov om klima i Bergen. Prosjektresultater ble regelmessig formidlet til ulike grupper for validering av konkret nytteeffekt i ulike institusjonssammenhenger.
Fem viktige samfunnsnyttige resultater fra prosjektet:
Bergen som klimaby: Prosjektet studerte hvordan bekymring for klimaet har vokst siden 2000. Dette er viktig fordi det endrer hvordan innbyggerne i byen ser på seg selv; fra motstandsdyktige mot vilt vær til sårbare for klimaendringer.  
Sosiale klimatjenester i Bergen: Scenario-workshopen understreket et overraskende funn: At lokale styresmakter i Bergen ønsker at eksisterende klimainformasjon bedre må tilpasses sosiale funksjoner. Dette er viktig fordi det kan endre retningen på informasjonsarbeidet til lokale styresmakter og vitenskapelige institusjoner. Disse funnene er oppsummert i et innsendt manuskript som fokuserer på de sosiale funksjonene til klimatjenester, og kommunen har bedt om en presentasjon av artikkelen i 2021. 
Selvstendig folkeforskning: Vi holdt fire workshops der deltakende innbyggere satte sammen rundt 150 rimelige værstasjoner med åpen maskinvare. Det var stor entusiasme rundt dette arbeidet. Datasettet inneholder når mer enn tre år med klimadata i høyoppløsning fra hele Bergen, og initiativet ble dekket i to avisartikler og et TV-innslag, samt at det inspirerte mange utøvere til å tenke nytt om hvordan man kan jobbe med klimatilpasning i vitenskap og styring. Arbeidet var også sentralt i et arrangement ved Media City Bergen i 2019, der målet var å tenke nytt om værmeldinger. 
Rammeverk for vurdering av kunnskapskvalitet: Vi utviklet en veileder og et rammeverk for vurdering av kunnskapskvalitet sammen med klimatjenesteutøvere for å evaluere kvaliteten til workshop-ene i forskningsprosjektet Klimathon. Tilbakemeldingene vi fikk fra de vi jobbet med var at dette utgjorde et praktisk og nyttig rammeverk for evaluering som kunne brukes i framtidige klimatjenester. Vi har skrevet om dette i en publisert artikkel. 
Primstav-øvelsen: Denne øvelsen, som dreier seg om å utvikle en moderne primstav, ble utviklet i samarbeid med kunstnere ved atelieret Altea og billedkunstnere ved UiBs fakultet for kunst, musikk og design (KMD). Den ble utført under Forskningsdagene på Festplassen i 2019, med over 150 studenter, og videre på en kunstutstilling i Oslo, i et klasserom i Bergen og i en workshop for frivillige voksne. Til sammen deltok godt over 200 mennesker i øvelsen, som også kommer til å bli brukt i undervisningen i et kurs for framtidige lærere i desember 2021, og som vil være sentral i et metodekurs ved Edinburghs universitet.

Co-cli-serv explores novel ways to transform climate science into action-oriented place-based climate services to engage, enable and empower local communities, knowledge brokers and scientists to act locally. It seeks to identify future information needs and the nature of the climate science needed to address the local communities concerns, aspirations and goals in view of climate variability and climate change.
It will develop a novel approach for co-constructing climate services to support local planning and adaptation decision-making. Co-cli-serv will establish a collaborative relationship between climate science and local communities in five representative case studies across NW Europe; (i) Bergen in Norway; (ii) Brest and the Golfe du Morbihan in France, Dordrecht and surrounding area in the Netherlands, and communities along the Wadden Sea in Germany. The project will engage
a wide spectrum of actors from local government, to the tourism industry, to local NGOs and to professional associations.
It aims to proactively connect climate science with local communities, using local narratives as an entry point, and vision planning and adaptive pathways as co-construction locus. Central in Co-cli-serv's approach is its focus on narratives of change as a localisation device. Narratives give meaning to facts and scientific calculations. They turn matters of fact into matters of concern.
Grounded in such narratives, vision-based scenarios will be developed by employing an incremental and community-led strategy, enabling the identification of current AND future knowledge needs. The project will experiment with art-science-policy integration in the case studies. Building on existing climate science and practices, Co-cli-serv will instigate and sustain community dialogues to co-construct place-based climate services. It takes systematic critical reflection on knowledge quality as the central activity in interfacing climate science and local governance.

Co-development of place-based climate services for action

Over the coming decades, societies will face major changes in dealing with the various impacts of climate change. In order to enable timely anticipation and proactive adaptation, society needs to learn to utilize unavoidably imperfect knowledge from climate science on the deeply uncertain future changes in key climate variables (precipitation patterns, heat wave frequencies, extreme weather events etc.). 

The classic science policy interface and science society interface is not fit for function because it is based on the expectation that science delivers certainty. Consequently, it lacks sophisticated approaches to tackle deep uncertainty in the science. Present institutional cultures that shape the science-policy/science-society interfaces and the cultural conditions to meet the challenges of climate change adaptation, need to be thoroughly understood to enable the institutional innovations required to accommodate the notions of deep scientific uncertainty and to design uncertainty-proof adaptation strategies.

The network of research will bring together academic cultures and experiences from a wide range of climate adaptation research traditions from leading groups in the field from the Universities of Bergen (TRACKS), Utrecht (Climate proofing under deep uncertainty & Knowledge for Climate) and Leeds (Advancing Knowledge Systems to Inform Climate Adaptation Decisions) and the Citizens University of Amersfoort which has been pioneering citizens science and brings a major project of citizens science monitoring of urban heat stress.

UC4A will not only join the forces of Bergen, Utrecht, Leeds and Amersfoort, and radically bridge the disciplines of philosophy and ethics of science, environmental science, climate science, and environmental governance, but will in addition organize and facilitate far reaching interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary engagement with an international extended peer community of practitioners, citizens and scholars.

IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa

Helland, Terje J SOE04/05-59

Tildelt: kr 20 000

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IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa

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