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Employing a decolonial approach inspired by critical museology and Indigenous studies, LIT aims to initiate a visual restitution/rematriation process fostering attention to Sámi people’s experiences during colonial encounters, and to illuminate individual life-stories of women and children photographed by Italian anthropologists Mantegazza and Sommier between 1879 and 1886. It wishes to generate dialogical knowledge of unpublished visual/written materials, enabling Sámi communities of interest to gain access to these scholars’ photographs. In complex socio-historical Indigenous/settler contexts such as Sápmi (the Sámi homeland), Sámi people’s control over their own heritage has proved essential to processes of cultural and ethnopolitical self-determination. Part of the Sámi visual heritage consists of photographs taken - often through mild violence and coercion - by academics engaged in physical anthropological practices involving Sámi individuals of all ages and genders. The resulting academic and divulgative publications circulated in Europe for decades, shaping and reinforcing stereotypes of Sámi peoples and cultures. Photos taken in colonial encounters by late-19th/early-20th century scholars to visualize Sámi people’s supposed biological-cultural inferiority (until a few decades ago inaccessible to the Sámi) have become important means of decolonization and empowerment through art and activism. The visual restitution of such photographs is of the utmost importance not only from a cultural heritage perspective but is also considered by Sámi institutions and individuals as an urgent necessity. LIT proposes an innovative approach based on the co-construction of knowledge and with a gender dimension. I shall reconstruct life stories of women and children photographed by Italian ethnologists, locating their descendants and returning their photographs to their communities. LIT would benefit my career, making me a leading researcher in Sami Studies and museology.

Locating Intergenerational Ties, rematriating late-19th-century unpublished photographs of Sámi Women and Children

I det globale nord fremstilles ofte ressursutvinning som "grønne" og klimavennlige prosjekter, mens de faktisk opprettholder de koloniale forhold mellom stater og urfolk. Et eksempel er "grønn gruvedrift" i Sápmi, der metaller for litium-ion-batterier utvinnes. Industriinteressene bruker klimaendring som argument og posisjonerer seg selv som forkjempere for det grønne skiftet. Dette er bakgrunnen for forskningsprosjektet GREENGROWTH, som skal analysere betydningen av "grønne" prosjekter for samisk politikk og handlingsrom. De samiske områdene står overfor to store utfordringer: et økende behov for mineraler og energi for å opprettholde livsstil og industriell vekst, og et stadig økende behov for å håndtere klimaendringer. Vi skal belyse hvordan samiske aktører og interesser kommer til orde og får innflytelse i debatten om miljøvern, "grønn" industri og urfolkspolitikk, historisk og i dag. Vi undersøker hvordan nærings- og økonomiske og samiske interessenter (stakeholders) plasserer seg i debatten om grønn vekst. Prosjektet tar for seg politikk og kommersialisering av naturen, og ser på hvordan klimaendringer påvirker samiske aktører og interesser i det offentlige rommet. Den offentlige debatten om samiske spørsmål er fragmentert, og en av prosjektets arbeidspakker utforsker hvordan samiske interessenter representeres gjennom nyhets- og sosiale medier. Prosjektet belyser samisk motstand mot fornybare prosjekter og utfordrer stereotypier ved å se på samenes dobbeltrolle som både ofre for arealbeslag og økologisk bevisste aktører. GREENGROWTH undersøker gruveindustriens historie, styring og rolle i opprettholdelsen av koloniale diskurser og strukturer, og tar for seg både historiske og samtidige aspekter ved samiske medier og debatten om det grønne skiftet. Prosjektet søker å forstå de komplekse virkningene på urfolkssamfunn og bidrar til en dypere analyse av spenningsforholdene mellom samiske interesser, grønn industri og miljøvernere.

GREENGROWTH will study and compare the positions the Sámi actors and stakeholders occupy and are attributed in the public debate on the Green transition and Green mining. How are the stakeholder groups formed and how are the Sámi stakes and interests weighted by other actors in the debate? The debate studied is concerned with growth-driven Green projects, of which the Green transition is the most recent example. The Sámi actors are analysed as interest-, rights- and stakeholders by utilizing stakeholder theory, settler colonial theorizing, discourse analysis and frame analysis. GREENGROWTH focuses on Sámi framings and responses in this debate. The interdisciplinary, international, multicultural and multilingual research group consists of senior and mid-career scholars with expertise on Sámi and Indigenous issues representing communication sciences, economic history and environmental history. The project will contribute to a deeper understanding of the Sámi political space under swift transformation in conditions of Green transition and the encroachments of resource extraction. Work package 1 is project administration; Work Package 2 will study the key Sámi organizations, the Sámi Parliaments in Finland and Norway, the frames articulated in their social media accounts, and the Sámi news media’s role and framings in the public debate on Green growth. WP3 will analyse the longer history of cooperation between the Sámi and the environmentalist movement, and the effects on the Sámi of being immersed in environmental discourses, with a special focus on the ideologies and projects of Green growth and nature conservation in Finland and in Norway. WP4will study the conduct of mining companies and financial imperialism in the Nordic north by charting the history of the transformation in mining adopting an environmental ideological foundation. WP5 draws together and concludes on the central findings of GREENGROWTH.

GREENGROWTH - Green growth and Sami Stakeholders. Public debate on Green resource extraction in Sápmi

I en verden der klimaendringer er en betydelig bekymring, blir begrepet biokulturell arv en kilde til håp. Denne tilnærmingen erkjenner den nære forbindelsen mellom menneskelige kulturer og den naturlige verden, og gir verdifull informasjon om å overvinne utfordringene på en raskt skiftende planet.
Arktis-regionen påvirkes spesielt av klimaendringer og opplever alarmerende nivåer av oppvarming. Innenfor dette isete landskapet ligger travle bysentre som Fairbanks, Nome, Kirkenes og Tromsø, der virkningene av klimaendringer blir akutt følt. Men mot bakgrunnen av disse problemene, gir den rike mangfoldet av biokulturell arv en reserve av motstandskraft.
Biokulturell arv er basert på tradisjonell økologisk kunnskap (TEK) som er overlevert fra generasjon til generasjon av urbefolkningssamfunn. Denne kunnskapen inkluderer en rikdom av visdom, fra sporing av dyremigrasjoner til å forutsi værmønstre, og gir uvurderlige retningslinjer for tilpasning i møte med miljøsjokk.
Forskere, kunstnere, aktivister og samfunnsmedlemmer samarbeider for å utnytte kraften i biokulturell arv. Gjennom etnografisk feltarbeid, kunstnerisk uttrykk og samfunnsengasjement kombinerer de tradisjonell visdom og moderne vitenskap for å skape innovative løsninger basert på lokal kunnskap.
Prosjektet har som mål å styrke lokale samfunns stemmer og utvikle partnerskap mellom forskere, beslutningstakere og grasrotorganisasjoner. Dette vil være en katalysator for meningsfylt endring både lokalt og globalt.
Avslutningsvis gir biokulturell arv en tidløs visdom som kan hjelpe oss med å oppnå motstandskraft mot klimaendringer. Ved å ære og bevare denne uvurderlige arven, kan vi legge veien for en mer bærekraftig fremtid for kommende generasjoner.

The project focuses on the relationship between climate change and biocultural heritage, a holistic concept that emphasizes the interdependence of natural and cultural elements. The primary objective of the project is to understand how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and Indigenous knowledge, and human-environment relationships that form the core of biocultural heritage can contribute to climate change adaptation in urban areas and surrounding landscapes. TEK and biocultural heritage have been critical resources for climate adaptation for future Arctic residents. However, climate change processes threaten cultural and biological diversity, underscoring the urgency for adaptation and mitigation measures, especially in the Arctic, which is changing four times faster than the rest of the world. The project will focus on case studies of Arctic cities, including Fairbanks and Nome in the USA and Kirkenes and Tromsø in Norway, and their associated subsistence landscapes that transform even faster. The project team, consisting of social and natural scientists, artists, and activists, will use quantitative and qualitative methods of climate science, remote sensing, human geography, and social anthropology to explore the potential of traditional knowledge and local land use practices as holistic and culturally sensitive tools for climate adaptation. By integrating scientific data with Indigenous long-term observations and artistic explorations, the team hopes to create publicly accessible, co-produced, and place-specific arts and science products. The project's results will be published in academic articles, disseminated via online media, and presented in art and science exhibitions. The main research question of the project is, "How can biocultural heritage integrated into urban and natural landscapes contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts?"

Biocultural Heritage in Arctic Cities: Resource for Climate Adaptation?

Mye av litteraturen om urfolks representasjon handler urfolks egne organisasjoner eller organer. I prosjektet IMPART forsker vi derimot på hvordan urfolk søker å påvirke politikken gjennom majoritetsfolkets politiske partier: Vi ser på hvordan samer er – eller ikke er – inkludert i Norge og Sverige sine riksdekkende politiske partier.

Norge og Sverige regnes gjerne som to ganske like land, men i dette tilfellet finner vi altså ganske store forskjeller. Hva består de av? Hvorfor har ulikheter mellom de to landene oppstått når det kommer til samers inklusjon i politiske partier? Og hva kan forklare ulikhetene mellom ulike partier i samme land? Hvordan påvirker de ulike forholdene mellom partier og samiske aktivister i Norge og Sverige, forholdet mellom sameting og stat? 

Når IMPARTs forskere søker forklaringer på dette kartlegger vi politiske strukturer i samtidspolitikken via intervjuer og dokumentstudier, vi ser på den historiske utviklinga av forholdet mellom samene og de ulike partiene og landene, og vi ser hen til internasjonal forskning på urfolksrepresentasjon og partipolitikk.

IMPART ser også spesifikt på hvordan urfolks inklusjon eller mangel på sådan forholder seg til ulike partiers politikk hva angår «det grønne skiftet». Vår samtids politiske debatt preges av store konflikter rundt interessemotsetninga mellom på den ene siden urfolks tradisjonsnæringer og naturvern - på den andre siden industriutbygging som er innretta mot å produsere mer klimavennlig energi. Har partier med sterk inklusjon av urfolk en «grønt skifte»-politikk som i større grad tar hensyn til partiets urfolk sine standpunkter? Eller er urfolksinklusjonen symbolsk, og har ingen effekt på politikken? IMPART studerer ulike partier i begge land for å komme til bunns i dette.

IMPART studies Indigenous interest representation through majority-based political parties, with a specific focus on how this phenomenon affects parties' policies regarding disputes between "green" industry development vs. protection of natural resources that are fundamental for traditional Indigenous economic activities.

How do Indigenous political activists attempt, and to what extent are they successful in, influencing the majority-based parties that control the state when it comes to "green shift" policy? Why do some parties create Indigenous representation mechanisms, while others do not? What different models and practices have been created for Indigenous interest representation in parties, and what political outcomes do these differences have?

IMPART compares two of the states that have partitioned Sápmi and the Sámi people: Norway and Sweden. These two states have similar models for Indigenous representation - elected Indigenous assemblies, Sámediggis. Yet, when it comes to the relationship between the Indigenous people and the majority-based parties, Norway and Sweden display prominent differences. Such differences are also displayed between different parties within the same country. Hence, the two cases provide interesting ground for comparative research.

The project draws on and contributes to, two bodies of academic literature: 1) Indigenous representation, and 2)
party organizations. It takes existing theory on Indigenous representation, and on the representation of traditionally marginalized social groups in political parties, and seeks to further develop theory through structured comparison of parties and countries.

IMPART has a three-part structure that involves: (1) Data collection; (2) Analysis of the Sámi representation structures and practices of Norwegian and Swedish parties, and their origins; (3) Analysis of consequences for parties' "green shift" policies and state-Sámediggi relations regarding the "green shift".

Indigenous representation in majority-based parties and “the green shift”: Structures, strategies, and policy effects

dialoguing@rts – Advancing Cultural Literacy for Social Inclusion through Dialogical Arts Education

d@rts is a catalyst for increasing social cohesion and inclusion, using embodied performing arts activities to develop cognitive and affective cultural literacy. We recognise that the performing arts encompass mass-market consumer goods, as well as non-linguistic, embodied and social activities, providing massive opportunities for inclusive participation.
Our target groups comprise actors of all ages and social positions, especially in the school system and in community arts initiatives. We will empower these groups to be artistically active, dialogically related and culturally literate, giving them tools and motivation to improve their own situations and those of others within the overall frame of a cohesive European society, informed by global perspectives.
Using the post-colonial insight that culture is necessarily heterogeneous, d@rts has four related objectives:
1. Understand how performing arts activities relate to cultural literacy in official discourse and documents across partner countries
2. Use this understanding to build dialogues and co-create physical and digital actions with heterogeneous groups within our target audience
3. Develop assessment tools for these actions, enabling measurable growth in cultural literacy
4. Use our findings in recommendations for cultural and educational policies that build long-term social cohesion and inclusion
Based on these objectives, the overall outputs comprise:
1. Documentary, survey and participatory research findings
2. Performative DIALOGART actions for cultural literacy
3. Policy and practice recommendations to increase social cohesion via cultural literacy actions inspired by the performing arts
d@rts imagines new futures and creates hope and social cohesion through performing arts education. By creating participatory spaces and facilitating dialogues, we empower voices seldom heard. d@rts thus advances cultural literacy, and enhances social cohesion and resilience, to build an inclusive future for Europe.

Den vedvarende smitteoverføringen av prioner som gir skrantesjuke (CWD) fortsetter å true overlevelsen til hjorteviltpopulasjoner i Nord-Amerika, og deres usikre zoonotiske potensiale vekker bekymring for folkehelsen.
Siden det første tilfellet av CWD hos norsk villrein og elg i 2016, er sykdommen funnet i flere norske regioner og nordiske land. Samarbeidet vårt med nøkkelpartnere i dette prosjektet har ledet til identifiseringen av flere CWD-stammer hos norsk rein, elg og hjort. Av spesiell betydning er disse stammene ikke relatert til de som for tiden finnes i Nord-Amerika. Disse funnene har klare implikasjoner for den fremtidige forvaltningen av disse europeiske skrantesjuke prioner hos hjortedyr.
Med konsortiets brede og komplementære kompetanse og ekspertise, vil dette ambisiøse prosjektet kombinere dyreforsøk i reinsdyr- og gnageremodeller, i tillegg til in vitro-eksperimenter med de nyeste og sensitive teknologiene (RT-QuIC, PMCA) og en potensiell feltanvendbar test, Minnesota-QuiC-testen (MN-QuiC).
Potensialet til CWD-stammer for spredning blant hjortevilt og for å infisere nye dyrearter, inkludert mennesker, avhenger i hovedsak av to hovedfaktorer: nivået av EKSPONERING for CWD-smitte og mottageligheten til de EKSPONERTE ARTENE for de forskjellige CWD-stammene. EmergingCWD tar sikte på å adressere begge sider av dette problemet. Det vil gi en ny forståelse av hvordan de fremvoksende CWD-prionene identifisert i Norge kan spre seg både innenfor og mellom vertsarter.
Siden prioner er forskjellige fra de fleste kjente smittestoffer som virus og bakterier, er kunnskapsmangelen om smitteevne og overføringsmekanismer fortsatt stor. Gitt de mulige dramatiske konsekvensene av prionrelatert sykdom, vil dette prosjektet representere et avgjørende innspill for å tette dette kunnskapsgapet av relevans for både Norge og det internasjonale vitenskapsmiljøet.

The inexorable contagious transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) prions continues to threaten the survival of cervid populations in North America, and their uncertain zoonotic potential raises concerns for public health. 
Since the first case of CWD in Norwegian reindeer and moose in 2016, the disease is found in several Norwegian regions and Nordic countries. Our recent collaborations with key partners in this proposal have identified multiple CWD strains in Norwegian reindeer, moose and red deer. Of particular importance, these strains are unrelated to those currently sustaining the North American epidemic. These findings have clear implications for the future management of these emerging European prions. 
With the strong and complementary skills and expertise of the consortium and the unprecedented resources it represents, this ambitious project will combine live animal experiments in reindeer and mice models, in addition to in vitro experiments with the most recent and sensitive technologies (RT-QuIC, PMCA) and a potential field-deployable test,  the Minnesota-QuiC test (MN-QuiC).
The potential of CWD strains for spreading among cervids and for infecting new animal species, including humans, essentially depends on two main factors: the level of EXPOSURE to CWD infectivity and the intrinsic SUSCEPTIBILITY of the EXPOSED SPECIES to the different CWD strains. EmergingCWD aims at addressing both sides of this issue. It will provide a new understanding of how the emerging CWD prions identified in Norway can spread both within and between host species. 
Being different from most known infectious agents like viruses and bacteria, knowledge about prions, their infectiousness, and their transmission mechanisms continues to lag behind. Given the possible dramatic consequences of prion-related disease, this project will represent a decisive input to close this knowledge gap of relevance to both Norway and the international scientific community.

Chronic wasting disease  prions from Norwegian cervids: Assessing the pathogenesis, shedding, spillover and zoonotic potential

Over hele verden forsvinner urfolksspråk. Ettervirkningene av hard assimilasjonspolitikk har ført til at mange urfolksspråk er i ferd med å bli borte. Nå ønsker mange å ta tilbake disse språkene, ikke bare I Sápmi, men også andre steder i verden. Det ser ut til at kjennskap til og bruk av urfolksspråk bidrar til kulturell, sosial og individuell resiliens, og i dette prosjektet undersøker vi hvilke faktorer som styrker resiliens hos språkinnlærere og språkbrukere og som kan fremme eller hindre bruk av urfolksspråk. 

Skolesystemet er ofte en sentral arena for revitalisering av urfolksspråk, men vi trenger å vite mer om hva som skjer etter fullført skolegang. Målet for prosjektet er derfor å undersøke hvorfor og på hvilke måter noen går fra å lære et språk i skolesystemet til å bli aktive språkbrukere. Vi tar utgangspunkt i samiske forhold og sammenligner dette med tre andre kontekster for å identifisere og undersøke viktige livshendelser som kan føre til denne overgangen. Det å ta tilbake sitt språk kan være en motsetningsfylt prosess, så vi skal også undersøke hvordan språkbrukerne forsøker å løse slike motsetninger og se på hvordan samspillet mellom ulike sosiale faktorer påvirker språklig resiliens. En mer inngående forståelse av overgangen fra språkinnlærer til språkbruker kan bidra med ny kunnskap til skolebaserte revitaliseringsprosjekt og har også overføringsverdi til språklæring i andre sammenhenger.

Across the world Indigenous and minority languages are disappearing at a rapid rate. Long-reaching effects of harsh assimilation policies, as well as effects of internalized stigma and shame among individuals, have led to significant language endangerment in many parts of the world. As a response to this loss there is a process of revitalisation and reclamation of languages in a range of geographical and cultural contexts. Indigenous language use itself seems to contribute to cultural, community and individual resilience, and in this project, we explore what supports the resilience of language learners and speakers. Through a comparative analysis of Sápmi and 3 additional cases, we will identify factors that promote or hinder use of Indigenous languages and investigate how individuals transition from learners to speakers. Using multimodal and participatory narrative research methods, we will explore how individuals experience this process, and drawing on nexus analysis approaches we will examine how environmental factors across scales impact this transition.  When reclaiming an Indigenous minority language, speakers find themselves in a space of tensions and possibilities as they may feel empowered while also facing internalized hurts from the past; hence, Indigenous language learning and Indigenous multilingualism are characterized by challenges that second and foreign language speakers do not face, and which have not been sufficiently addressed in language acquisition scholarship. There is a need for more knowledge about such complexities of language reclamation processes, how learners and communities may be resilient in the face of these challenges and how they attempt to resolve these inherent tensions. A deeper understanding of the transition from learner to speaker will shed light on language learning in general (including second language acquisition and multilingualism) and has the potential to inform school-based revitalisation programmes and policies.

Indigenous language resilience: From learners to speakers

Dette prosjektet utforsker varekjedene til tre ikoniske kulturarv artefakter i Arktis: reinsdyrgevir, det koniske teltet (lavvu) og elfenben fra mammut og hvalross. Vi vil spore muntlige historier og nye markedsmessige og sosiale koblinger med disse gjenstandene på tvers av flere steder i Sápmi, Canada og Grønland, og knytte dem til historiske leveveier for pastorale- og jegeresamfunn, og deres transformasjon over tid. De siste årene har hver gjenstand fått en ny mening innenfor kulturarv- og reiselivsnæringene: 1) reinsdyrgevir som tradisjonell kinesisk medisin; 2) det koniske teltet som et turistobjekt; 3) og produkter av elfenben som suvenirer De formidler dermed en bredere historie om arktisk kulturarv og forholdet mellom urfolksprodusenter, forbrukere og markedet. Våre mål er å forske på transformasjonen av gjenstandene og hvordan de blir til kulturobjekter, og deres bevegelse på tvers av nasjonale og internasjonale varekjeder.

This is a project to explore the commodity chains of three iconic heritage artefacts in the Arctic: reindeer
antler, the conical tent, and mammoth and walrus ivory. The project will trace the oral histories and new
market and social entanglements of these artefacts across several sites in Sápmi, Canada, and Greenland,
linking them to historical pastoralist and hunting lifeways and their transformation over time. In recent years,
each artefact has taken a new form within the heritage and tourism industries: 1) reindeer antler as Traditional
Chinese Medicine; 2) the conical tent as a fixed tourism dwelling; 3) and ivory as souvenir carvings. They thus
tell a wider story of Arctic heritage and the relationship between indigenous producers, consumers, and the
market. Our objectives are to research the transformation of the artefacts into heritage objects and their
movement across national and international commodity chains. We will follow their material and symbolic
journeys through historical and emergent networks of harvesting, production, commercialisation, and
consumption. We will use ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and zooarchaeological analysis to
investigate ancient and contemporary trade. We hypothesise a gap between the commercialisation of the
artefacts and their non-utilitarian value in terms of skills, communities of practice, and experience-based
knowledge. We anticipate this to feed into debates about tradition, ecological sustainability, and cultural loss,
as well as renewed calls for cultural protection, revitalisation, and legislation. The project will thus tackle
questions surrounding the ethics of heritage and ethnic tourism, the viability and sustainability of craft
production, so-called ‘heritage-isation’ of indigenous culture, and the cultural politics of heritage in the
context of the Arctic. We will publish several works including interdisciplinary publications, an edited volume,
and organise three museum exhibitions.

ArcHeritage: Commodification, Identity, and Revitalisation in the Anthropocene

Fjellet og tundraen er eksponert for raske klimaendringer, som er en alvorlig trussel for det biologiske mangfoldet i EU. Økende fragmentering av tundrabiomet, endring i samspillet mellom artene og invasjon av skolevende arter er noen av effektene. Menneskelig aktiviteter og utbygging i fjellet forsterker både fragmenteringen og modifiseringen av artssammensetningen i de alpine og arktiske tundraøkosystemene i Norge, Sverige og Finland. 

Mange fjell- og tundraarter forekommer derfor i stadig mer oppsplittede bestander. Dette gjør dem  mer sårbare for utryddelse, som for eksempel fjellreven på fastlandet. Fjellreven er klassifisert som en flaggskipart for klimaendringer av IUCN og er en prioritert art i EUs habitatdirektiv. På 2000-tallet var fjellreven på randen av utryddelse i Fennoskandia, da var det trolig bare 50 voksne individer. Som svar på omfattende bevaringstiltak har bestanden kommet seg og den teller nå ca 500 individer. 

Forekomst av sammenhengende fjell- og tundralandskap er viktig for å sikre levedyktige bestander av de karakteristiske fjellartene i framtiden. Prosjektet ARCTIC FOX EUROPE skal identifisere områder der fjell og tundra er forventet å bestå, og vurdere effektene av ulike forvaltningstiltak som kan bidra til å øke levedyktigheten til fjellreven spesielt. Kartprojeksjoner skal forutsi hvordan utformingen av tundrabiomet vil endre seg som følge av framtidig klimaendringer og videre legge til menneskelig aktivitet og arealbruk for å vurdere de samlede effektene, samt vurdere betydningen av forekomster av større rovdyr og tetthet i lokale reinbestander. 

Forvaltningsorganer og ulike interessenter er invitert til å involvere seg i prosjektet for å identifisere og utforske nye og alternative forvaltningsløsninger, med tanke på å finne de mest effektive tiltakene som kan bidra til å sikre fjellreven en framtid i Fennoskandia, gitt de fremtidige endringene fjell- og tundraarter står ovenfor.

Within the European Union, the Fennoscandian Arctic-alpine tundra is the biome exposed to the fastest climate change - causing a severe threat to tundra biodiversity through fragmentation, changes in the trophic dynamics and invasion of boreal species. Furthermore, human activities  and land use increasingly impact the tundra in Fennoscandia. Many tundra species therefore occur in a fragmented distribution across habitat patches (metapopulation structure), rendering them more vulnerable with an elevated extinction risk. To maintain contact between habitat fragments, dispersal is a key process for securing viable populations for the future. 

The Arctic fox is classified as a climate change flagship species by the IUCN and is a priority species according to the EC Habitat Directive. The Fennoscandian Arctic fox was on the verge of extinction around the year 2000, with only 50 adult individuals remaining in a highly fragmented distribution. In response to efficient conservation actions, the population has however recovered to ca 500 individuals. 

ARCTIC FOX EUROPE will develop a metapopulation model to identify priority areas and management actions that increase viability of the Arctic fox metapopulation under scenarios of climate change and other human pressures. The model will be informed with data including Arctic fox population dynamics (demography, dispersal and genetics), trophic dynamics, and conservation actions over the last two decades in Fennoscandia. GIS projections will be used to forecast how the spatial structure of the tundra will change under future climate change. Management agencies and stakeholders in Norway, Sweden and Finland will be involved in ARCTIC FOX EUROPE to develop a Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework. The metapopulation model will be used to explore outcomes of alternative management plans under different future scenarios, comparing costs and benefits, identifying trade-offs and synergies, and analyzing decision outcomes.

Identifying effective management strategies for enhancing trans-national metapopulation protection of the Arctic Fox in mainland Europe

Grunnbevilgning - ISF

Midlene fra IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa fordelt på fagområde

Kavgic, A S&M SOE04/05-44

The intensity of specular reflections makes it difficult to capture usable images of specular material. In art paintings or stained glasses, this is a major problem for documentation and analysis.  We propose to update spectral and polarimetric imaging systems to spectropolarimetric
imaging systems and demonstrate them on Cultural Heritage applications.
Indeed, the two modalities, spectral and polarization, were considered separately in different scientific communities,
and there is no imaging model that is accounting for both modalities at the same time. In addition, there are very
few imaging systems that are both capturing spectral and polarimetric information.
We propose to transform two existing imaging systems into spectro-polarimetric imaging systems. We will compare
their performances, and apply the two techniques on Cultural Heritage related objects as a proof of concept.
Scientific challenges are numerous, and we would address the imaging model that encompasses the two modalities,
the creation of prototypes based on existing technologies, the calibration of those prototypes, and the experimental
validation of them.
This is possible within this framework thanks to the excellent adequation of the teams, their expertise and the
accessibility to specific devices and material. Indeed, Pierre-Jean Lapray (UHA) and Foulonneau Alban (UHA) is an expert in polarimetric imaging, Sony George (NTNU) is specialized in using imaging systems on Cultural Heritage, and Jean-Baptiste Thomas (NTNU) is expert in spectral imaging and computational appearance. The proposed research will give networking opportunities for the PhD students (Federico Grillini- NTNU and Sumera Sattar - UHA) involved in this project and have a direct impact on their PhD research work. At NTNU, there are good facilities for spectral imaging, and UHA has good facilities for polarizations images. Both institutions have not yet collaborated, and there are several transfer of knowledge to be anticipated.

Spectral and Polarization Imaging of Specular Cultural Heritage Artifacts

Under this project, the partners will form a collaborative research project titled “Technology Roadmap for Autonomous Feeder Loop Service” (TRAFLS). Despite rapid technological developments toward fully autonomous systems for the transport and logistics industry, their commercial applications still limited and needs attention. For deployment of autonomous transportation services, one of the major challenge is ensuring changes required in other interdependent systems and connecting those systems in a safe and seamless manner.  
The aim of this collaborative project is to investigate the process for building a logistics system for waterborne freight feeder loop service utilizing autonomous systems including maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS).  The expected outcome is a blueprint for the development of the logistics system, assessment of the maturity of relevant technologies, and prediction of the timing of the real-world application of the seamless and safe autonomous logistics system for feeder loop service.   
The study will be conducted in three stages. The first stage includes a review of literature and existing logistics system of waterborne feeder services to identify the key technologies used, and that are under development. Second, based on Delphi study framework, the inventory of key technologies required for the logistics system is mapped and analysed. Finally, experts predict the maturity of the technologies and real-world application of the autonomous waterborne freight feeder loop service. The outcome of the study will help policy makers in the related industries gain a better understanding of development and usefulness of the key technologies.

Technology Roadmap for Autonomous Feeder Loop Service

For the characterization of Arctic scenario, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensing plays a key-role. SAR satellites provide measurements regardless of weather conditions and natural illumination with high spatial resolution. In particular, the Sentinel-1 mission is considered an important operational data source for sea ice classification. Sea ice classification from SAR relies on the fact that different ice types have different signatures in the image. These are generally related to the physical nature of the ice surface, such as roughness or dielectric properties, or system and geometric properties, such as frequency, polarization, noise level, and incidence angle (IA).  Unfortunately, signal ambiguities and additive system noise might vary across each single scene, making the automatic interpretation of the scenes very cumbersome, which is why ice charting is still a partly manual process. 
It is then paramount to address the operations of denoising in SAR data analysis, so to enable an accurate understanding of the Arctic scenario. This would then allow to provide a precise characterization of the physical phenomena occurring over the regions of interest. To achieve this goal, it is also important to obtain a robust understanding of the physical models causing the signals to be analyzed, so to improve the effectiveness of the aforesaid denoising phase. In this respect, considering multiple data sources (e.g., optical remote sensing, in situ measurements) could help in designing the automatic data analysis schemes. Finally, it is important to address the uncertainty of the outputs of the data analysis scheme, i.e., to provide a degree of confidence on the analysis outcomes. COSMIC will address these points, by taking advantage of the expertise gained by the group at Telecom Paris in efficient and effective SAR-based data analysis, and of the expertise of the group at UiT in characterization of Arctic scenarios by multimodal data analysis.

Advanced processing of SAR images for the Arctic

The introduction of minimally invasive surgery in the 90’s, together with an increased public attention to surgeons’ competencies in general, have created an interest in how to acquire and test surgical skills outside of the operating room.  In addition, organizational changes such as increased focus on improved efficiency in operating rooms and a further increase in complexity in surgical skills and technical tools have altered the premises for the traditional apprenticeship model. 
Simulation-based training that reproduce vital parts of the surgical reality appear as a promising adjunct to the apprenticeship model. Simulation-based training and assessment, however, require simulators together with training and assessment programs that have enough support of validity for the intended use. 
 The health department in Norway have during the last years made changes to the structure of surgical education. One of them is the introduction of simulation-based training as both a compulsory and recommended training activity for surgeons in training. This is regarded as a positive step forward, but a step that need support, both in creating simulation-based training programs that have enough scientific support for the intended use, and further to exploit the possibilities of competency-based education where simulators are used to assess surgical skills.  We plan to look into these aspects, where a collaboration across French and Norwegian education systems will give valuable insight into differences and similarities. 
We plan to define a multi-center study with the clinical partners to create knowledge on what are good simulation-based training and how and which surgical skills can be assessed with the simulators, with the intention to create evidence-based simulation-based training programs and skills assessment that can be implemented in surgical education in Norway and France

Simulation-based training and assessment in laparoscopic surgery

The  global  trend  to  extend  connectivity  to  many  devices  for  everyday  use  lead  to  the emergence of Edge computing. A paradigm where data and services are gradually pushed from the cloud which allows edge-level data storage and processing, increasing responsiveness through lower communication delay and lower transmitted traffic volumes.  To allow this evolution, more and more devices (mobile devices as well) at the edge need to be mobilized and aggregated to compensate in the vast amount of resources previously offered by could-based services.  These devices  are  closely  related  to  human  activity  and  as  such  mobility  is  expected.   As  different  levels of mobility are observed, from mostly static sensors to highly dynamic connected vehicles, resource provisioning in dynamic environments on consumer devices emerged as a challenge, from the network to the application layer. To address this challenge, we aim to research on highly self-aware software services design model considering its own capabilities, limitations, anticipated needs, and associated contextual properties that we refer to as cognitive services. The cognitive services are autonomously deployed and orchestrated on the Edge-Fog-Cloud nodes and can migrate to other nodes due to, e.g., resource usage efficiency reasons, or for fulfilling dynamic accuracy and latency requirements.

To succeed, we intend to address the following research challenges:
  • Energy-aware resource provisioning in an heterogeneous mobile context
  • Dynamic and self-learned cognitive services migration between nodes
  • Mobility-aware churn tolerant device-to-device communication

We  propose  activities  involving  exchange  of  staff  and  PhD students, strengthening  both  groups  in  Norway  and  France  and  providing  easier  access  to  the  other  groups  methods.   It  will  also  encourage  research  collaboration  and trigger initiatives for long lasting collaboration through EU-funded projects.

Cross-Layer Cognition in Mobile Edge Computing (CroCoMilE)

Fluid flow in deformable porous media is of high relevance in both France and Norway. Applications  with a strong multi-physics coupling range from subsurface activities as CO2 storage, geothermal energy, and nuclear waste management, to biomedical engineering as studying Alzheimer’s and osteoporosis. Many of these applications involve several interacting fluids, necessitating the study of multi-phase poromechanics.

State-of-the-art, fully coupled poromechanics models used in practice simply merge existing, partially linearized single-physics models for flow and deformation. This results in thermodynamical inconsistencies (e.g. possibly negative porosity and fluid mass), which does not allow for unconditional well-posedness as well as the development of unconditionally robust numerical methods.

The main goal of the GradFlowPoro project is to develop a methodology for realiable simulation of multi-phase poromechanics. This encompasses modeling, and development and analysis of numerical methods. First, a novel, thermodynamically consistent model for multi-phase poromechanics with a variational gradient flow structure will be established. Based on that, structure-preserving discretization methods, as well as robust nonlinear solvers will be developed and analyzed. The numerical methods will be implemented and practically tested using the open-source numerical library PorePy, tailored to multiphysics subsurface simulations in complex media.

To reach the goals of the GradFlowPoro project, the complementary expertise of the chosen partners of this project are paramount. Synergy is expected from active exchange of knowledge and research practice, which will also support the two secondary goals of this project: (i) to establish a new collaborative research environment between the Norwegian and French institutions; and (ii) to increase research networks in particular among the young researchers involved.

Gradient Flow Modelling of Multi-phase Flow in Deformable Porous Media

Behandling av myeloide kreftformer er særskilt krevjande av fleire grunnar. Dei fleste pasientane er eldre, og toler ikkje optimal behandling. Dei får difor mildare behandling enn yngre pasientar. Det vil difor vera ein større risiko for at behandlinga ikkje lukkast, og at ein får terapi-resistent tilbakefall. I tillegg vil alle pasientar, både unge og eldre vera prega av biverknader frå behandlinga fleire år etter avslutta terapi. For nokre pasientar er dei prega for resten av livet. Dette er særskilt alvorleg for born som gjennomgår cellegift-behandling.
Me ynskjer å nytta nanobærarar til å betra behandlinga av myeloide kreftformer. Ved å innkapsla legemiddel i nanobærarar, skjermar ein friske organ for eksponering av cellegifter, samstundes som det er mogeleg å retta nanobærarane til å akkumulera i organ som er råka av kreft, d.v.s. beinmargen for myeloide kreftformer. Nanobærarar som liposom er allereie nytta som legemiddelbærar for cellegift for å redusera hjartetoksisitet hjå kreftpasientar. I tillegg er det mogeleg å innkapsla fleire legemiddel i samme nanobærar slik at ein får samstundes levering av ein cocktail av cellegifter til kreftcellene.
Me ynskjer å etablera eit samarbeid med ein av dei leiande forksingsinstitusjonane i Europa innan nanoformuleringar, Institut Galien, ved Univ. Paris-Saclay. Dei har utvikla metodar for å innkapsla legemiddel som har ulike fysikalsk-kjemiske eigenskapar, og som kan tilpassast fleire ulike molekyl. Dette er sentralt i prosjektet, for me ynskjer å finna molekyl med best mogeleg aktivitet, uavhengig av kjemiske eigenskapar.
Ved prosjektslutt forventar me å ha ein eller to nanoformuleringar med eitt eller fleire legemiddel, der me har demonstrert effektivitet mot myeloide kreftceller, samt redusert biverknader.

Drug repurposing for improved therapy of myeloid cancers

Scientifically the project is concerned with a new way to harvest energy from sources accessible for in vivo devices. These sources can be of mechanical, thermal, or photonic nature, but within the body the energy that can harvested from each of them individually is rather small. In our novel approach we will investigate a material system that can harvest energy from all three of these sources simultaneously, meaning a system that shows piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic properties: BaTiO3 (BT). BT is an inorganic solid that is brittle in nature and therefore difficult to apply in vivo. We will therefore develop and investigate composite samples that consist of a flexible polymer matrix with BT embedded in nanoparticle form. The piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic response of these samples will be tested under single and multiple stimuli to clarify the interrelationship between the three different functionalities and determine the energy harvesting potential. As materials embedded into the body have to be chemically stable or show controlled dissolution, the chemical and functional stability of the samples will be investigated in the presence of simulated body fluid. 
This project will be conducted by several young researchers in the laboratories at NTNU and at Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec. Mutual research visits that include workshops on topics fundamental to the project will broaden their technical expertise. Furthermore, the experience of working in an international research team can not be underestimated as it shows the variety in approaching scientific questions.
The project will serve as a seed to develop a large Innovative Training Network (ITN) including more collaboration partners all over Europe.

Self-sufficient in-vivo sensors by multi-physics energy harvesting

This project aims to lay the ground for a larger project to investigate how texture and touch velocity shape subjective perception and experience. Together with early-career researchers, pilot data will be collected and analysed, before both groups meet for presentation of the data at the IASAT meeting (International Association for the Study of Affective Touch) in Marseille 2021. During an extended visit of this stay where DP will also get more familiar with the microneurography technique, first ideas for a common proposal will be collected. This work will be continued and the proposal completed during 2022. 
This collaboration will combine the expertise of two strong groups and expand the methodological competence from the Norwegian group with the technique of microneurography – performed in only a few labs worldwide. By that, we can develop a novel and common line of research for future projects and hopefully, build a large international network in the long run. This will increase the visibility and research impact of both partner universities.

Exploring the interplay between textures and touch velocity in tactile perception.

In forests, wood is an essential component of carbon and nitrogen cycling and serves as habitat and resources for organisms like fungi, bacteria, insects. Saprotrophic fungi having powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms are key decomposers of the lignocellulosic complex in wood, affecting carbon sequestration in deadwood. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of deadwood decomposition by fungi is a key piece of the jigsaw for assessing how fungi contribute to the global carbon cycling. In the AURORA collaborative project, we will assess the underlying genetic and functional basis of assembly history (i.e the order species enter the decomposition process), and co-occurrences of fungi during the decomposition process. To address this objective, we will focus on polypore fungi, a group of saprotrophic fungi studied by both partners. We aim to combine existing data generated from past/current projects from the French partner expert in the annotation of fungal genomes for enzymes active on lignocellulose and the Norwegian partner specialized in ecology and conservation of polypore fungi in boreal forest. By involving students and early-career researchers, we will transfer technical skills and homogenize protocols across laboratories that will help authentication and traceability of genome sequenced polypore fungi being used as reference genomes. The ultimate objective of DynamForest is to initiate a European consortium, by regrouping a core team of researchers, stakeholders and relevant SMEs to focus on developing applied scientific ideas and writing large collaborative research projects for a better understanding of the dynamics of fungal communities and their enzymatic functions in biomass decay. DynamForest will generate new knowledge on the importance of assembly history in decomposition, which are important data for forest carbon modeling and ultimately for decision making relative to carbon sequestration and mitigation of global climate change.

Dynamics of deadwood decompostion tempo by forest fungi

The project will study the adaptation and subcellular physiology of Arctic snow-algae, which have unique metabolic adaptations and could play roles in climate change. The project will use new research tools including selected techniques from the microbial and plant sciences to investigate how snow-algae adapt and respond to environmental changes, particularly the effects of high light and low temperatures on their cell membranes. The project will generate new types of data on snow-algae physiology and we expect that the results will help us understand more about how the cells adapt to extreme conditions and how they might respond to future changes in the Arctic environment.

Deciphering the physiology of Nordic snow-algae and cell membrane stress responses

The “Knowledge quality assessment as a sensemaking device: an enquiry into uncertainties, agency and climate change” (KQA-SMD) project is an enquiry into the ability for climate change knowledge assessment to strengthen local communities through sensemaking.  Climate change adaptation lies at the crux of a series of challenges that are directly related to knowledge, knowledge (co)production and assessment.  Human communities need to, simultaneously, face increasing, multi-dimensional uncertainties, associated to never experienced before environmental changes, and face associated ever shifting value systems and priorities. Local communities must simultaneously interpret uncertainties at hand, make sense of what is being experienced, while keeping alive and well the individual and collective ability to act.  We, Jeroen van der Sluijs, from UiB SVT, Elisabeth Jensen, also form UiB SVT, and Jean-Paul Vanderlinden, from CEARC (France), propose to combine our expertises to conceptualize how the treatment of deep uncertainties through knowledge quality assessment (KQA) may enhance the capacity for action through sensemaking.  We will organize focused small committee workshop in order to jointly develop the theoretical foundations of the issues at hand, device an analytical procedure, and write up the results in the form of a paper.  This work will allow for the development of a concept note and associated texts and consortium (4 countries, 5 partners) in order to be ready to use these in future EU, or international (Belmont Forum and others) calls for proposals.

Knowledge quality assessment as a sense-making device: an enquiry into uncertainties, agency and climate change

Materials development for solar energy conversion for water splitting by photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) is an important problem. Although TiO2 is the most promising material because of its oxidative stability, energy band position, and abundance, it is a wide band gap material that absorbs ~3% of sunlight from ultraviolet region. To enhance the light absorption, one should increase the thickness of TiO2, which is problematic because recombination rate of excitons is very high. Consequently, diffusion length of the excitons and charge carriers are very low as it reduces the charge transfer. In the AURORA project we study yttrium oxyhydride (YHO) for applications in PEC. YHO belongs to emerging family of materials called mixed anion systems. It has been first synthesized in the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) group. Since then materials properties have been studied systematically. Before illumination, the average transparency and absorbance of the material is >85% and ~5%, respectively. However, after illumination with sunlight within ~10-15 minutes, transparency reduces and light absorbance increases to ~50%. By adjusting the film composition, work function of YHO can be varied between 3.1-3.6 eV. Furthermore, illumination of the material by UV light has enhanced antibacterial properties of thin layers of Ag. These findings have motivated us to study potential of YHO in PEC, which is an innovative idea. 

The expected outcomes are: Clarifying the grain size and porosity, and electrochemical stability of YHO, fabrication of PEC with YHO- and oxides/YHO-based photoanodes, establishing performance of PEC, evaluation of potential of YHO for applications in PEC, submission of two joint journal articles, one conference proceeding, and a joint proposal to H2020 about PEC with the oxyhydride-based photoanode. Exchange visits of senior researchers, PhD students and young researchers between DEPSOL, KeraNor AS, and UP will be implemented.

Yttrium oxyhydride for hydrogen generation by solar water splitting

The aim of the scientific project is to analyse how Gulf countries implement new religious policies, at times in the name of preventing violent extremism (PVE). The potential contribution of official Islamic institutions and faith-based organisations in the prevention of violent extremism is often considered to be underutilised. Religious actors are important because of their many connections at the local level, their ability to increase local ownership over Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) efforts, and to provide psychosocial support to vulnerable groups.

We aim to analyse why the involvement of official islamic institutions in PVE efforts vary from one country to another. Monarchies with inherited religious legitimacy, Saudi Arabia, Morocco and Jordan in particular, have accorded the most prominent role to official Islamic institutions in the struggle against violent extremism. Less is known about Kuwait's domestic programs to counter violent extremism. Despite its important international role, Kuwait is often neglected in the academic literature on the Gulf region, which focuses on Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Kuwait does play an important regional role due to its efforts in exporting Salafism to the Levant. This project aims to deepen our empirical knowledge about Kuwait's religious diplomacy, based on semi-structured interviews in Kuwait. Moreover, we will compare the results obtained with our data on Morocco and Saudi Arabia. We will disseminate our findings through a scientific research article and two academic conferences.

Recomposing the Islamic field in the Arab Gulf (STATEISLAM): State power and religious autonomy

This proposal seeks funding for one PhD student from from Simula Research Laboratory, and for Johannes Langguth from Simula Research Laboratory to travel to ENS Lyon for collaboration in the area of algorithms for high performance computing. 

The first component of the collaboration will be a research visit of approximately two weeks in early 2020 by Ioannis Panagiotas, a PhD student from ENS Lyon, to Simula, where he will work under the supervision of Johannes Langguth. Work will focus on the concrete use of experimental exascale hardware available at Simula through the eX3 - Experimental Infrastructure for Exploration of Exascale Computing project. This will be followed up by a one week return visit from Johannes Langguth to ENS Lyon, who will be accompanied by one of the PhD students from Simula. The PhD student will remain for two weeks to work under the supervision of Bora Uçar. The focus will lie on methods of algorithm design and analysis.

The project is accompanied by a corresponding application to AURORA/Campusfrance which will cover the French part of the travel grant.

IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa

Kavgic, A S&M SOE04/05-44

Tildelt: kr 23 000

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IS-SOE-Samarbeid med Sørøst- Europa

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